Patent US4388203A successfully refreshed from Google Patents.
US4388203A
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Composition and method for melting frozen aqueous solutions
Assignee: Dow Chemical Co
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Filing: 1981-11-20
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Granted: 1983-06-14
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Expires: 2001-11-20
Abstract
Abstract Frozen water is thawed by applying to the surface thereof a composition containing water and substantially water soluble components comprising (1) a polyhydroxy compound or monoalkyl ether thereof, (2) an organic nonvolatile compound having at least one hydrophilic group, (2) being different than (1), (3) an inorganic salt which functions to lower the freezing point of water, wherein only one of (2) or (3) need be present but both may be present, (4) sufficient quantity of an organic polymer which functions to increase the viscosity and tackiness of the composition sufficiently to permit a uniform layer of the composition to be placed on the frozen surface and (5) H 2 O.
Inventors
- 👤 Kenneth H. Nimerick
- 👤 Claude T. Copeland
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-29 10:23
CPC Classifications
C; C09; C09K; C09K3/00; C09K3/18; C09K3/185
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 11
Claim 1
Independent Claim
90 words
A method of thawing frozen water which comprises applying to the surface of frozen water a composition comprising: at least one component from each of the following water soluble components (1), (2) and/or (3) comprising (1) a polyhydroxy compound or monoalkyl ether thereof, (2) an organic nonvolatile compound having at least one hydrophilic group, (2) being different from (1), (3) an organic salt which functions to reduce the freezing point of water, (4) an organic polymer which functions to increase the viscosity and tackiness of the composition, and (5) water.
Claim 2
Independent Claim
90 words
A method of thawing frozen water which comprises applying to the surface of frozen water a composition comprising: at least one component from each of the following water soluble components (1), (2) and/or (3) comprising (1) a polyhydroxy compound or monoalkyl ether thereof, (2) an organic nonvolatile compound having at least one hydrophilic group, (2) being different from (1), (3) an organic salt which functions to reduce the freezing point of water, (4) an organic polymer which functions to increase the viscosity and tackiness of the composition, and (5) water.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
86 words
The method of claim 1 wherein the constituents are present in the following amounts as percent by weight: Component (1) about 5.0 to about 95 percent; Component (2) 0 to about 25 percent; Component (3) 0 to about 45 percent wherein at least one of (2) or (3) is present; Component (4) sufficient quantity to increase the viscosity and tackiness of the composition to form an essentially uniform layer of material when placed on the frozen surface; and Component (5) about 5 to about 75 percent.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
52 words
The method of claim 1 wherein component (1) is selected from the group consisting of glycols and glycerine, component (2) is selected from the group of acetates and formates, component (3) is at least one inorganic halide salt, and component (4) is selected from the group of cellulose and polyethylene oxide polymers.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
89 words
The method of claim 1 wherein the composition comprises: ethylene glycol about 10 to about 32 percent; propylene glycol about 10 to about 32 percent; sodium acetate or sodium formate about 0.5 to about 16 percent; calcium chloride or magnesium chloride about 5 to about 35.0 percent; water about 20 to about 60 percent and a sufficient quantity of hydroxyethyl cellulose polymer to provide a composition having a viscosity of about 25 to about 700 centipoise as measured on a Brookfield LVF viscometer at 60 rpm and 74° F.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
18 words
The method of claim 4 wherein the frozen water is part of a frozen mass of particulate material.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
11 words
The method of claim 5 wherein the particulate material is coal.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
13 words
The method of claim 4 wherein the polymer is a polyethylene oxide polymer.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
20 words
The method of claim 1 wherein the polymer is a polyethylene oxide polymer having a molecular weight of about 4,000,000.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
18 words
The method of claim 1 wherein the frozen water is part of a frozen mass of particulate material.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
11 words
The method of claim 9 wherein the particulate material is coal.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1986-06-13 | 1986-12-13 | 1987-06-14 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1990-06-13 | 1990-12-13 | 1991-06-14 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1994-06-13 | 1994-12-13 | 1995-06-14 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |