US4254166A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Composition for reducing the strength of ice
Assignee: Wen-Don Corp
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Filing: 1979-12-13
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Granted: 1981-03-03
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Expires: 1999-12-13
Abstract
Abstract The strength of ice is reduced by the dissolution of a water-soluble composition composed of (A) a non- or slightly-ionizing water-soluble organic compound containing one or more hydrophilic groups, and (B) an organic or inorganic, water soluble ammonium salt, optionally with surface active agent or water and conventional additives in ice-forming water. The composition is particularly suitable for application to a wet, particulate solid material prior to its storage or transportation in sub-freezing weather to produce a frozen mass of reduced mechanical strength, thereby greatly mitigating subsequent unloading or handling of the material.
Inventors
- 👤 James O. Glanville
- 👤 Gene R. Walters
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-29 04:19
CPC Classifications
C; C09; C09K; C09K3/00; C09K3/18
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 20
Claim 1
Independent Claim
88 words
A composition for weakening ice formed between particulate materials consisting essentially of from 5-90% by weight of a water-soluble organic compound which is non-ionizing or only slightly ionizing selected from the group consisting of alkanols, diols, polyols, ketones, ethers, carboxylic acids and mixtures thereof; and from 1-20% by weight of a highly soluble inorganic or organic substance containing ammonium ion and selected from the group consisting of ammonium acetate, ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium sulfamate, ammonium formate, ammonium cyanate, ammonium thiocyanate, ammonium carbonate, ammonium pentaborate and mixtures thereof.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
88 words
A composition for weakening ice formed between particulate materials consisting essentially of from 5-90% by weight of a water-soluble organic compound which is non-ionizing or only slightly ionizing selected from the group consisting of alkanols, diols, polyols, ketones, ethers, carboxylic acids and mixtures thereof; and from 1-20% by weight of a highly soluble inorganic or organic substance containing ammonium ion and selected from the group consisting of ammonium acetate, ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium sulfamate, ammonium formate, ammonium cyanate, ammonium thiocyanate, ammonium carbonate, ammonium pentaborate and mixtures thereof.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
19 words
The composition of claim 1 wherein the ammonium compound is ammonium nitrate, ammonium acetate, ammonium pentaborate or mixtures thereof.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
15 words
The composition of claim 1 wherein the organic compound is ethylene glycol or diethylene glycol.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
16 words
The composition of claim 3 consisting essentially of ammonium acetate, diethylene glycol, ammonium pentaborate and water.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
26 words
The composition of claim 4 wherein the ammonium acetate is present at about 8%, and the diethylene glycol and water are each present at about 45%.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
43 words
A composition of claim 1 wherein the non or slightly ionizing water-soluble organic compound selected from the group consisting of methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, hexylene glycol, propylene glycol, formamide, monoethanolamine, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, formic acid, and acetic acid.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
47 words
The composition of claim 1 wherein the ammonium containing compound is present in an amount of from 4-15%, the non or slightly ionizing organic water-soluble compound is present in an amount of 30-60% by weight and water is present in an amount of from 40-60% by weight.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
13 words
The composition of claim 1 which also contains a non-ionic or anionic surfactant.
Claim 10
Independent Claim
54 words
A method of reducing the mechanical strength of a frozen particulate mass by adding to the surface of the particles, prior to freezing, a composition comprising 5-90% of a water-soluble organic compound which is non-ionizing or only slightly ionizing and 1-20% by weight of a highly soluble inorganic or organic substance containing ammonium ion.
Claim 11
Independent Claim
54 words
A method of reducing the mechanical strength of a frozen particulate mass by adding to the surface of the particles, prior to freezing, a composition comprising 5-90% of a water-soluble organic compound which is non-ionizing or only slightly ionizing and 1-20% by weight of a highly soluble inorganic or organic substance containing ammonium ion.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
63 words
The method of claim 9 wherein the ammonium compound is selected from the group consisting of ammonium acetate, ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium sulfamate, ammonium formate, ammonium cyanate, ammonium thiocyanate, ammonium carbonate, ammonium pentaborate and mixtures thereof and the water-soluble non or slightly ionizing water-soluble organic compound selected from the group consisting of alkanols, diols, polyols, ketones, ethers, carboxylic acids and mixtures thereof.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
36 words
The method of claim 10 wherein the ammonium compound is ammonium nitrate, ammonium acetate, ammonium pentaborate or mixtures thereof and the water-soluble organic compound which is non-ionizing or slightly ionizing is ethylene glycol or diethylene glycol.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
24 words
The method of claim 11 wherein ammonium acetate is present at about 8% and diethylene glycol and water are each present at about 45%.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
11 words
The method of claim 9 wherein the particulate material is coal.
Claim 16
Independent Claim
62 words
A method of reducing slippage of particulate material on a conveyor belt, at below freezing temperatures which comprises applying an effective amount of a composition comprising from 5-90% by weight of a water-soluble organic compound which is not ionizing or only slightly ionizing and from 1-20% by weight of a highly soluble inorganic or organic substance containing ammonium ion, to said belt.
Claim 17
Independent Claim
62 words
A method of reducing slippage of particulate material on a conveyor belt, at below freezing temperatures which comprises applying an effective amount of a composition comprising from 5-90% by weight of a water-soluble organic compound which is not ionizing or only slightly ionizing and from 1-20% by weight of a highly soluble inorganic or organic substance containing ammonium ion, to said belt.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
63 words
The method of claim 14 wherein the ammonium compound selected from the group consisting of ammonium acetate, ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium sulfamate, ammonium formate, ammonium cyanate, ammonium thiocyanate, ammonium carbonate, ammonium pentaborate and mixtures thereof and the water-soluble non or slightly ionizing water-soluble organic compound is selected from the group consisting of alkanols, diols, polyols, ketones, ethers, carboxylic acids, and mixtures thereof.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
20 words
The method of claim 14 wherein said composition also contains from about 0.1 to about 1.5% by weight dimethyl polysiloxane.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
11 words
The method of claim 14 wherein the particulate material is coal.
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Cited
GB1111936A
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US4162347A
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US4163079A
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1984-03-02 | 1984-09-01 | 1985-03-03 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1988-03-02 | 1988-09-01 | 1989-03-03 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1992-03-02 | 1992-09-01 | 1993-03-03 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |