Ceramic seals between spaced members such as a terminal pin and a ferrule

Claim 2

In combination, a first member made from a noble metal, a second member disposed in spaced but enveloping relationship to the first member and made from a material selected from the group consisting of stainless steel, steel alloy containing colbalt, steel alloy containing a combination of cobalt and molybdenum and steel alloy containing nickel and chromium, a ceramic and alumina, and a polycrystalline insulating material preformed by heating at a first elevated temperature to have a partially crystalline and partially amorphous structure before application to the first and second members and disposed between the first and second members in hermetically sealed relationship to the first and second members and having a partially crystalline and partially amorphous structure and fused to the first and second members in an oxygen-rich atmosphere at a second elevated temperature, less than the first elevated temperature, of the first and second members and the polycrystalline insulating material, with the relative amount of the crystalline structure at the boundary of the second member being greater than the relative amount of the crystalline structure at positions removed from such boundary, the polycrystalline material being resistant to acids and alkalis.

Claim 3

The combination set forth in claim 1 wherein the second member is selected from the group consisting of stainless steel, steel alloy containing cobalt, steel alloy containing a combination of cobalt and molybdenum, and steel alloy containing nickel and chromium and is provided with an oxide layer at its surface and the insulating material is bonded chemically to the oxide layer, and the polycrystalline structure adjacent the surface of the second member is formed from crystals randomly oriented and of different sizes and shapes and of at least two different materials to prevent propagation of any cracks and to provide flexibility for resisting thermal and mechanical shock, and the polycrystalline material is quenched in water after being heated at the first elevated temperature.

Claim 4

In combination, a first member, a second member displaced outwardly from the first member and having properties of providing carbides at its surface when subjected to heat, and a polycrystalline insulating material preformed at a temperature above 1600° F. and hermetically sealing the first and second members and having a partially amorphous and partially crystalline structure and having an increased crystalline composition at positions adjacent the boundary with the second member than at positions displaced from such adjacent positions, the polycrystalline material being hermetically sealed to the first member and the second member at a fusing temperature of approximately 1500° F. to 1600° F. for a limited period of time to inhibit the formation of carbides at the surface of the second member.

Claim 5

In combination, a first member, a second member displaced outwardly from the first member and having properties of providing carbides at its surface when subjected to heat, and a polycrystalline insulating material preformed at a temperature above 1600° F. and hermetically sealing the first and second members and having a partially amorphous and partially crystalline structure and having an increased crystalline composition at positions adjacent the boundary with the second member than at positions displaced from such adjacent positions, the polycrystalline material being hermetically sealed to the first member and the second member at a fusing temperature of approximately 1500° F. to 1600° F. for a limited period of time to inhibit the formation of carbides at the surface of the second member.

Claim 6

The combination set forth in claim 3 wherein the surface of the first member is etched and the insulating material is locked in the etched surface of the first member.

Claim 7

The combination set forth in claim 3 wherein the insulating material has a slightly greater coefficient of expansion than the second member.

Claim 8

In combination, a first member, a second member displaced outwardly from the first member and having properties of providing carbides at its surface when subjected to heat, and a polycrystalline insulating material hermetically sealing the first and second members and having a partially amorphous and partially crystalline structure and having an increased crystalline composition at positions adjacent the boundary with the second member than at positions displaced from such adjacent positions, the polycrystalline material being hermetically sealed to the first member and the second member at temperatures and times and under parameters to inhibit the formation of carbides at the surface of the second member, the first member, the second member and the polycrystalline insulating material being hermetically sealed in an oxygen-rich atmosphere providing an excess of oxygen atoms and causing the polycrystalline insulating material to have an oxygen valence bond which causes oxygen atoms to be shared between the insulating material and the second member and such sharing of oxygen atoms resulting from the fusion of the first member, the second member and the insulating material in an oxygen-rich atmosphere, and the first member, the second member and the polycrystalline insulating material being quenched in air after being hermetically sealed at a fusing temperature of approximately 1500° F. to 1600° F., the surface of the first member being etched and the insulating material being locked in the etched surface of the first member, and the insulating materials having a slightly greater coefficient of expansion than the second member, and the first member being selected from the group consisting of noble metal and a nickel alloy and the second member being selected from the group consisting of a stainless steel, a steel alloy containing cobalt, a steel alloy containing a combination of cobalt and molybdenum, and a steel alloy containing nickel and chromium.

Claim 9

In combination, a first member, a second member displaced outwardly from the first member and having properties of providing carbides at its surface when subjected to heat, and a polycrystalline insulating material hermetically sealing the first and second members and having a partially amorphous and partially crystalline structure and having an increased crystalline composition at positions adjacent the boundary with the second member than at positions displaced from such adjacent positions, the polycrystalline material being hermetically sealed to the first member and the second member at temperatures and times and under parameters to inhibit the formation of carbides at the surface of the second member, the first member, the second member and the polycrystalline insulating material being hermetically sealed in an oxygen-rich atmosphere providing an excess of oxygen atoms and causing the polycrystalline insulating material to have an oxygen valence bond which causes oxygen atoms to be shared between the insulating material and the second member and such sharing of oxygen atoms resulting from the fusion of the first member, the second member and the insulating material in an oxygen-rich atmosphere, and the first member, the second member and the polycrystalline insulating material being quenched in air after being hermetically sealed at a fusing temperature of approximately 1500° F. to 1600° F., the surface of the first member being etched and the insulating material being locked in the etched surface of the first member, and the insulating materials having a slightly greater coefficient of expansion than the second member, and the first member being selected from the group consisting of noble metal and a nickel alloy and the second member being selected from the group consisting of a stainless steel, a steel alloy containing cobalt, a steel alloy containing a combination of cobalt and molybdenum, and a steel alloy containing nickel and chromium.

Claim 10

The combination set forth in claim 6 wherein the insulating material has self-correcting properties of providing a hermetic seal to the first and second members upon the application of additional heat to the combination of the first and second members and the insulating material to produce temperatures between approximately 1500° F. and 1600° F. when a hermetic seal has not been previously produced.

Claim 11

In combination, a first member, a second member displaced outwardly from the first member, and an insulating material hermetically sealing the first and second members and having a partially amorphous and partially crystalline composition and having an increased polycrystalline composition at the boundary with the second member than at positions displaced from the second member, the insulating material being produced by a mixture of oxides of lead, aluminum, silicon, boron and manganese and at least one oxide selected from the group consisting of the oxides of sodium, potassium and calcium.

Claim 12

In combination, a first member, a second member displaced outwardly from the first member, and an insulating material hermetically sealing the first and second members and having a partially amorphous and partially crystalline composition and having an increased polycrystalline composition at the boundary with the second member than at positions displaced from the second member, the insulating material being produced by a mixture of oxides of lead, aluminum, silicon, boron and manganese and at least one oxide selected from the group consisting of the oxides of sodium, potassium and calcium.

Claim 13

In combination, a first member, a second member displaced outwardly from the first member, and an insulating material hermetically sealing the first and second members and having a partially amorphous and partially crystalline composition and having an increased polycrystalline composition at the boundary with the second member than at positions displaced from the second member, the material also having an oxygen valence bond which causes oxygen atoms to be shared between the insulating material and the second member, the surface of the first member being etched and the insulating material being locked in the etched surface of the first member, and the insulating material having a slightly greater coefficient of expansion than the second member, and the first member being selected from the group consisting of a noble metal and a nickel alloy and the second member being selected from the group consisting of a stainless steel, a steel alloy containing cobalt, a steel alloy containing a combination of cobalt and molybdenum, and a steel alloy containing nickel and chromium, and the insulating material being produced by a mixture of oxides of lead, aluminum, silicon, boron and manganese and at least one oxide selected from the group consisting of the oxides of sodium, potassium and calcium and the first member, the second member and the insulating material being fused in an oxygen-rich atmosphere.

Claim 14

In combination, a first member, a second member displaced outwardly from the first member, and an insulating material hermetically sealing the first and second members and having a partially amorphous and partially crystalline composition and having an increased polycrystalline composition at the boundary with the second member than at positions displaced from the second member, the material also having an oxygen valence bond which causes oxygen atoms to be shared between the insulating material and the second member, the surface of the first member being etched and the insulating material being locked in the etched surface of the first member, and the insulating material having a slightly greater coefficient of expansion than the second member, and the first member being selected from the group consisting of a noble metal and a nickel alloy and the second member being selected from the group consisting of a stainless steel, a steel alloy containing cobalt, a steel alloy containing a combination of cobalt and molybdenum, and a steel alloy containing nickel and chromium, and the insulating material being produced by a mixture of oxides of lead, aluminum, silicon, boron and manganese and at least one oxide selected from the group consisting of the oxides of sodium, potassium and calcium and the first member, the second member and the insulating material being fused in an oxygen-rich atmosphere.

Claim 15

In combination, a first member, a second member displaced outwardly from the first member, and an insulating material hermetically sealing the first and second members and having a partially amorphous and partially crystalline composition and having an increased polycrystalline composition at the boundary with the second member than at positions displaced from the second member, the first member being a noble metal and the second member being selected from the group consisting of a stainless steel, a steel alloy containing cobalt, a steel alloy containing a combination of cobalt and molybdenum, a steel alloy containing nickel and chromium, a ceramic and alumina, and the oxides of boron, lead and silicon being included in the polycrystalline material as a flux and at least one oxide from the group consisting of sodium, potassium and calcium being included in the polycrystalline material and the oxides of manganese and aluminum being included in the polycrystalline material and the oxides of lead, sodium and manganese constituting at least forty-seven percent (47%) by weight of the polycrystalline insulating material.

Claim 16

In combination, a first member, a second member displaced outwardly from the first member, and an insulating material hermetically sealing the first and second members and having a partially amorphous and partially crystalline composition and having an increased polycrystalline composition at the boundary with the second member than at positions displaced from the second member, the first member being a noble metal and the second member being selected from the group consisting of a stainless steel, a steel alloy containing cobalt, a steel alloy containing a combination of cobalt and molybdenum, a steel alloy containing nickel and chromium, a ceramic and alumina, and the oxides of boron, lead and silicon being included in the polycrystalline material as a flux and at least one oxide from the group consisting of sodium, potassium and calcium being included in the polycrystalline material and the oxides of manganese and aluminum being included in the polycrystalline material and the oxides of lead, sodium and manganese constituting at least forty-seven percent (47%) by weight of the polycrystalline insulating material.

Claim 17

The combination as set forth in claim 10 wherein at least one additional material from the group consisting of the oxides of cobalt, nickel, chromium and copper and at least one additional material from the group consisting of the oxides of zinc and zirconium are included in the polycrystalline material.

Claim 18

The combination set forth in claim 10 wherein molybdic oxide is included in the polycrystalline insulating material.

Claim 19

In combination, a first member made from a noble metal, a second member separated from the first member and made from a material selected from the group consisting of stainless steel and an alloy of steel having the ability to withstand corrosion, and a polycrystalline insulating material hermetically sealing the first and second members and preformed by heating at a temperature above 1600° F. to provide partially a polycrystalline structure and partially an amorphous structure with self-correcting properties of providing a hermetic seal between the first and second members by the application of heat to the combination of the first and second members and the insulating material when a hermetic seal does not exist, the insulating material being sealed to the first and second members under critical conditions at a particular temperature above 1500° F. but below 1600° F. to minimize the time at which the second member and the polycrystalline material are subjected to temperatures between approximately 800° F. and 1400° F. to inhibit any effect on the ability of the second member to withstand corrosion.

Claim 20

In combination, a first member made from a noble metal, a second member separated from the first member and made from a material selected from the group consisting of stainless steel and an alloy of steel having the ability to withstand corrosion, and a polycrystalline insulating material hermetically sealing the first and second members and preformed by heating at a temperature above 1600° F. to provide partially a polycrystalline structure and partially an amorphous structure with self-correcting properties of providing a hermetic seal between the first and second members by the application of heat to the combination of the first and second members and the insulating material when a hermetic seal does not exist, the insulating material being sealed to the first and second members under critical conditions at a particular temperature above 1500° F. but below 1600° F. to minimize the time at which the second member and the polycrystalline material are subjected to temperatures between approximately 800° F. and 1400° F. to inhibit any effect on the ability of the second member to withstand corrosion.

Claim 21

The combination set forth in claim 13 wherein the insulating material is more crystalline at positions adjacent the boundary between the second member and the insulating material than at positions displaced in the insulating material from such positions adjacent said boundary, and the insulating material is sealed to the first and second members under critical conditions to minimize the time at which the second member and the polycrystalline material are subjected to temperatures between approximately 800° F. and 1400° F. to inhibit carbide precipitation on the second member, and the insulating material is preformed by heating at a temperature between approximately 1800° F. and 1900° F. for an extended period of time in the order of several hours.

Claim 22

The combination set forth in claim 14 wherein the insulating material is polycrystalline at the positions adjacent the boundary between the second member and the insulating material and the polycrystals in the insulating material have a random orientation of different sizes and shapes and of different composition at such adjacent positions to provide a flexbility in withstanding thermal and mechanical shocks and the seal is produced between the insulating material and the second member at a temperature between approximately 1500° F. and 1600° F. in an oxygen-rich atmosphere for a limited period of time to approximately thirty (30) minutes to inhibit the formation of carbides on the surface of the second member, the insulating material providing an electrical resistivity as high as 10 18 ohms.

Claim 23

The combination set forth in claim 13 wherein the first member is platinum and the second member is selected from the group consisting of a stainless steel of the 300 and 400 series, and the polycrystalline material is preformed by quenching in water after being heated to the temperature above 1600° F.

Claim 24

The combination set forth in claim 13 wherein the polycrystalline material includes the oxides of zinc and zirconium.

Claim 25

In combination, a first member, a second member separated from the first member, and insulating material hermetically sealing the first and second members and having self-correcting properties of providing a hermetic seal between the first and second members by the application of heat to the combination of the first and second members and the insulating material when a hermetic seal does not exist, the insulating material being more crystalline at positions adjacent the boundary between the second member and the insulating material than at positions displaced in the insulating material from such boundary, the insulating material being polycrystalline at the boundary between the second member and the insulating material and the polycrystals having a random orientation of different sizes and shapes to provide a flexibility in withstanding thermal and mechanical shocks, the insulating material being formed from a mixture of oxides of lead, aluminum, boron, silicon and manganese and at least one oxide selected from the group consisting of the oxides of sodium, potassium and calcium and the insulating material being sealed to the first member in an oxidizing atmosphere.

Claim 26

In combination, a first member, a second member separated from the first member, and insulating material hermetically sealing the first and second members and having self-correcting properties of providing a hermetic seal between the first and second members by the application of heat to the combination of the first and second members and the insulating material when a hermetic seal does not exist, the insulating material being more crystalline at positions adjacent the boundary between the second member and the insulating material than at positions displaced in the insulating material from such boundary, the insulating material being polycrystalline at the boundary between the second member and the insulating material and the polycrystals having a random orientation of different sizes and shapes to provide a flexibility in withstanding thermal and mechanical shocks, the insulating material being formed from a mixture of oxides of lead, aluminum, boron, silicon and manganese and at least one oxide selected from the group consisting of the oxides of sodium, potassium and calcium and the insulating material being sealed to the first member in an oxidizing atmosphere.

Claim 27

The combination set forth in claim 18 wherein the polycrystals include oxides of zirconium and oxides of zinc.

Claim 28

In combination, a first member, a second member separated from the first member, and insulating material hermetically sealing the first and second members and having self-correcting properties of providing a hermetic seal between the first and second members by the application of heat to the combination of the first and second members and the insulating material when a hermetic seal does not exist, the insulating material being partially amorphous and partially crystalline and being more crystalline at positions adjacent the boundary between the second member and the insulating material than at positions displaced in the insulating material from such boundary, the surface of the first member being etched and the insulating material being locked in the etched surface of the first member and the insulating material including one oxide selected from the group consisting of the oxides of zinc and zirconium and further including the oxide of molybdenum.

Claim 29

In combination, a first member, a second member separated from the first member, and insulating material hermetically sealing the first and second members and having self-correcting properties of providing a hermetic seal between the first and second members by the application of heat to the combination of the first and second members and the insulating material when a hermetic seal does not exist, the insulating material being partially amorphous and partially crystalline and being more crystalline at positions adjacent the boundary between the second member and the insulating material than at positions displaced in the insulating material from such boundary, the surface of the first member being etched and the insulating material being locked in the etched surface of the first member and the insulating material including one oxide selected from the group consisting of the oxides of zinc and zirconium and further including the oxide of molybdenum.

Claim 30

The combination set forth in claim 20 wherein the insulating material has a slightly greater coefficient of thermal expansion than the second member, and the first member, the second member and the insulating material are sealed in an oxygen-rich atmosphere.

Claim 31

In combination in a terminal of a heart pacemaker, a terminal pin made from a noble metal, a ferrule disposed in spaced but enveloping relationship to the terminal pin and made from a steel, and an insulating material disposed between the terminal pin and the ferrule in hermetically sealed relationship to the terminal pin and the ferrule and having a partially crystalline and partially amorphous structure with the relative amount of the crystalline structure being greater at positions adjacent the ferrule than at positions displaced from the ferrule, the insulating material including the following chemicals in the range of weights set forth below: ______________________________________ Range of Relative Percentages Material by Weight ______________________________________ Lead Oxide (PbO) 28- 32 Sodium Oxide (Na.sub.2 O) 13- 16 Aluminum Oxide (Al.sub.2 O.sub.3) 1- 2 Boric Oxide (B.sub.2 O.sub.3) 2- 4 Manganese Oxide (MnO) 6- 11 Silicon Dioxide. 38- 42 ______________________________________

Claim 32

In combination in a terminal of a heart pacemaker, a terminal pin made from a noble metal, a ferrule disposed in spaced but enveloping relationship to the terminal pin and made from a steel, and an insulating material disposed between the terminal pin and the ferrule in hermetically sealed relationship to the terminal pin and the ferrule and having a partially crystalline and partially amorphous structure with the relative amount of the crystalline structure being greater at positions adjacent the ferrule than at positions displaced from the ferrule, the insulating material including the following chemicals in the range of weights set forth below: ______________________________________ Range of Relative Percentages Material by Weight ______________________________________ Lead Oxide (PbO) 28- 32 Sodium Oxide (Na.sub.2 O) 13- 16 Aluminum Oxide (Al.sub.2 O.sub.3) 1- 2 Boric Oxide (B.sub.2 O.sub.3) 2- 4 Manganese Oxide (MnO) 6- 11 Silicon Dioxide. 38- 42 ______________________________________

Claim 33

In combination, a first member, a second member displaced outwardly from the first member, and an insulating material hermetically sealing the first and second members and having a partially amorphous and partially crystalline composition and having an increased polycrystalline composition at the boundary with the second member than at positions displaced from the second member, including the following materials in the following range of percentages by weight: ______________________________________ Range of Relative Precentages Material by Weight ______________________________________ Lead oxide (PbO) 28-32 Silicon dioxide (SiO.sub.2) 38-42 Boric oxide (B.sub.2 O.sub.3) 2-4 Aluminum oxide (Al.sub.2 O.sub.3) 1-2 Manganese oxide (MnO). 6-11 ______________________________________

Claim 34

In combination, a first member, a second member displaced outwardly from the first member, and an insulating material hermetically sealing the first and second members and having a partially amorphous and partially crystalline composition and having an increased polycrystalline composition at the boundary with the second member than at positions displaced from the second member, including the following materials in the following range of percentages by weight: ______________________________________ Range of Relative Precentages Material by Weight ______________________________________ Lead oxide (PbO) 28-32 Silicon dioxide (SiO.sub.2) 38-42 Boric oxide (B.sub.2 O.sub.3) 2-4 Aluminum oxide (Al.sub.2 O.sub.3) 1-2 Manganese oxide (MnO). 6-11 ______________________________________

Claim 35

The combination set forth in claim 23, including the following additional material: ______________________________________ Range of Relative Percentages Material by Weight ______________________________________ Molybdic oxide (MoO) 0.5- 3 ______________________________________

Claim 36

The combination set forth in claim 23, including the following materials: ______________________________________ Range of Relative Percentages Material by Weight ______________________________________ At least one oxide selected 3- 12 from the group consisting of zirconium spinel, zirconium silicate and zinc zirconium silicate. ______________________________________

Claim 37

The combination set forth in claim 23, including the following additional material: ______________________________________ Range of Relative Percentages Material by Weight ______________________________________ At least one oxide selected 1.5- 3 from the group consisting of cobalt oxide, nickel oxide, chromium oxide, copper oxide and vanadium oxide. ______________________________________

Claim 38

The combination set forth in claim 23, including the following additional material: ______________________________________ Range of Relative Percentages Material by Weight ______________________________________ Molybdic oxide (MoO), 0.5- 3 at least one oxide selected 3- 12 from the group consisting of zirconium spinel, zirconium silicate and zinc zirconium silicate, and at least one oxide selected 1.5- 3 from the group consisting of cobalt oxide, nickel oxide, chromium oxide, copper oxide and vanadium oxide. ______________________________________

Claim 39

In combination, a first member, a second member disposed in spaced relationship to the first member, and a polycrystalline insulating material preformed to a partially amorphous and partially crystalline structure and disposed between the first and second members and thereafter heated at a particular temperature for a limited period of time and cooled under particular parameters to hermetically seal the first and second members and to produce an increased concentration of polycrystals at the boundary between the insulating material and the second member than at positions removed from such boundary without converting all of the amorphous structure in the insulating material to the polycrystalline structure, the first member, the second member and the insulating material being heated at a temperature of approximately 1500° F. to 1600° F. for a period of about twenty (20) to thirty (30) minutes and being thereafter quenched in air to hermetically seal the first and second members.

Claim 40

In combination, a first member, a second member disposed in spaced relationship to the first member, and a polycrystalline insulating material preformed to a partially amorphous and partially crystalline structure and disposed between the first and second members and thereafter heated at a particular temperature for a limited period of time and cooled under particular parameters to hermetically seal the first and second members and to produce an increased concentration of polycrystals at the boundary between the insulating material and the second member than at positions removed from such boundary without converting all of the amorphous structure in the insulating material to the polycrystalline structure, the first member, the second member and the insulating material being heated at a temperature of approximately 1500° F. to 1600° F. for a period of about twenty (20) to thirty (30) minutes and being thereafter quenched in air to hermetically seal the first and second members.

Claim 41

The combination set forth in claim 28 wherein the polycrystalline insulating material has self-correcting properties of providing a hermetic seal with the first and second members, upon a previous failure to provide a hermetic seal with the first and second members, by a further heating of the first and second members and the polycrystalline insulating material at a temperature of approximately 1500° F. to 1600° F. for a limited period of time and a quenching in air of the first and second members and the polycrystalline material.

Claim 42

The combination set forth in claim 29 wherein the first member is a noble metal and the second member is a material selected from the group consisting of stainless steel, a steel alloy containing cobalt, a steel alloy containing a combination of cobalt and molybdenum, a steel alloy containing nickel and chromium, a ceramic and alumina.

Claim 43

The combination set forth in claim 30 wherein the surface of the first member is etched and the insulating material is locked in the etched surface of the first member.

Claim 44

The combination set forth in claim 28 wherein the heating of the first member, the second member and the insulating material is in an oxygen-rich atmosphere.

Claim 45

In combination, a first member, a second member disposed in spaced relationship to the first member, and a polycrystalline insulating material preformed to a partially amorphous and partially crystalline structure and disposed between the first and second members and thereafter heated at a particular temperature for a limited period of time and cooled under particular parameters to hermetically seal the first and second members and to produce an increased concentration of polycrystals at the boundary between the insulating material and the second member than at positions removed from such boundary without converting all of the amorphous structure in the insulating material to the polycrystalline structure, the heating of the first member, the second member and the insulating material being in an oxygen-rich atmosphere, the insulating material being produced by a mixture of oxides of lead, aluminum, silicon, boron and manganese and at least one oxide from the group consisting of the oxides of sodium, potassium and calcium.

Claim 46

In combination, a first member, a second member disposed in spaced relationship to the first member, and a polycrystalline insulating material preformed to a partially amorphous and partially crystalline structure and disposed between the first and second members and thereafter heated at a particular temperature for a limited period of time and cooled under particular parameters to hermetically seal the first and second members and to produce an increased concentration of polycrystals at the boundary between the insulating material and the second member than at positions removed from such boundary without converting all of the amorphous structure in the insulating material to the polycrystalline structure, the heating of the first member, the second member and the insulating material being in an oxygen-rich atmosphere, the insulating material being produced by a mixture of oxides of lead, aluminum, silicon, boron and manganese and at least one oxide from the group consisting of the oxides of sodium, potassium and calcium.

Claim 47

The combination set forth in claim 33 wherein molybdic oxide is included in the polycrystalline insulating material.

Claim 48

In combination, a first member made from a noble metal, a second member disposed in spaced but enveloping relationship to the first member and made from a material selected from the group consisting of stainless steel, steel alloy containing cobalt, steel alloy containing a combination of cobalt and molybdenum and steel alloy containing nickel and chromium, a ceramic and alumina, and an insulating material disposed between the first and second members in hermetically sealed relationship to the first and second members and having a partially crystalline and partially amorphous structure with the relative amount of the crystalline structure progressively decreasing with progressive distances from the second member, the insulating material being impervious to acids and alkalis and having a high electrical insulation and a thermal coefficient of expansion corresponding substantially to that of the second member and the insulating material comprising the oxides of lead, silicon, boron, manganese and aluminum and at least one oxide of a material selected from the group consisting of sodium, potassium and calcium.

Claim 49

In combination, a first member made from a noble metal, a second member disposed in spaced but enveloping relationship to the first member and made from a material selected from the group consisting of stainless steel, steel alloy containing cobalt, steel alloy containing a combination of cobalt and molybdenum and steel alloy containing nickel and chromium, a ceramic and alumina, and an insulating material disposed between the first and second members in hermetically sealed relationship to the first and second members and having a partially crystalline and partially amorphous structure with the relative amount of the crystalline structure progressively decreasing with progressive distances from the second member, the insulating material being impervious to acids and alkalis and having a high electrical insulation and a thermal coefficient of expansion corresponding substantially to that of the second member and the insulating material comprising the oxides of lead, silicon, boron, manganese and aluminum and at least one oxide of a material selected from the group consisting of sodium, potassium and calcium.

Claim 50

In combination, a first member made from a noble metal, a second member disposed in spaced but enveloping relationship to the first member and made from a material selected from the group consisting of stainless steel, a steel alloy containing cobalt, a steel alloy containing a combination of cobalt and molybdenum, a steel alloy containing nickel and chromium, and an insulating material disposed between the first and second members in hermetically sealed relationship to the first and second members and having a partially polycrystalline and partially amorphous structure with the relative amount of the polycrystalline structure progressively decreasing with progressive distances from the second member, the second member being provided with an oxide layer at its surface and the insulating material being bonded chemically to the oxide layer, and the polycrystalline structure adjacent the surface of the second member being formed from crystals randomly oriented and of different sizes and shapes and of at least two different materials to prevent propagation of any cracks and to provide flexibility for resisting thermal and mechanical shock, the insulating material including the oxides of lead, sodium and magnanese, the amount of lead oxide in the polycrystalline insulating material being greater than the amount of any other oxide in the material and the oxides of lead, sodium and manganese comprising at least forty-seven percent (47%) by weight of the polycrystalline insulating material.

Claim 51

In combination, a first member made from a noble metal, a second member disposed in spaced but enveloping relationship to the first member and made from a material selected from the group consisting of stainless steel, a steel alloy containing cobalt, a steel alloy containing a combination of cobalt and molybdenum, a steel alloy containing nickel and chromium, and an insulating material disposed between the first and second members in hermetically sealed relationship to the first and second members and having a partially polycrystalline and partially amorphous structure with the relative amount of the polycrystalline structure progressively decreasing with progressive distances from the second member, the second member being provided with an oxide layer at its surface and the insulating material being bonded chemically to the oxide layer, and the polycrystalline structure adjacent the surface of the second member being formed from crystals randomly oriented and of different sizes and shapes and of at least two different materials to prevent propagation of any cracks and to provide flexibility for resisting thermal and mechanical shock, the insulating material including the oxides of lead, sodium and magnanese, the amount of lead oxide in the polycrystalline insulating material being greater than the amount of any other oxide in the material and the oxides of lead, sodium and manganese comprising at least forty-seven percent (47%) by weight of the polycrystalline insulating material.

Claim 52

The combination set forth in claim 36 wherein the following additional material is included in the range of weights set forth below: ______________________________________ Range of Relative Percentages Material by Weight ______________________________________ At least one oxide selected 1.5- 3 from the group consisting of Cobalt oxide (Co.sub.3 O.sub.4), Nickel oxide (NiO), Chromium oxide (CrO) and Copper oxide (CuO). ______________________________________

Claim 53

The combination set forth in claim 36 wherein the following additional material is included in the range of weights set forth below: ______________________________________ Range of Relative Percentages Material by Weight ______________________________________ Molybdic oxide (MoO) 0.5- 3 ______________________________________

Claim 54

The combination set forth in claim 36 wherein at least one additional material is included in the range of weights set forth below: ______________________________________ Range of Relative Percentages Material by Weight ______________________________________ At least one material 3- 12 selected from the group consisting of zirconium spinel, zirconium silicate and zinc zirconium silicate. ______________________________________

Claim 55

In combination, a first member, a second member displaced outwardly from the first member and having properties of providing carbides at its surface when subjected to heat, and a polycrystalline insulating material preformed at a temperature above 1600° F. and hermetically sealing the first and second members and having a partially amorphous and partially crystalline structure and having an increased crystalline composition at positions adjacent the boundary with the second member than at positions displaced from such adjacent positions, the polycrystalline material being hermetically sealed to the first member and the second member at a fusing temperature of approximately 1500° F. to 1600° F. for a limited period of time to inhibit the formation of carbides at the surface of the second member, the first member, the second member and the polycrystalline insulating material being hermetically sealed in an oxygen-rich atmosphere providing an excess of oxygen atoms and causing the polycrystalline insulating material to have an oxygen valence bond which causes oxygen atoms to be shared between the insulating material and the second member and such sharing of oxygen atoms resulting from the fusion of the first member, the second member and the insulating material in an oxygen-rich atmosphere, and the first member, the second member and the polycrystalline insulating material being quenched in air after being hermetically sealed at the fusing temperature of approximately 1500° F. to 1600° F.

Claim 56

In combination, a first member, a second member displaced outwardly from the first member and having properties of providing carbides at its surface when subjected to heat, and a polycrystalline insulating material preformed at a temperature above 1600° F. and hermetically sealing the first and second members and having a partially amorphous and partially crystalline structure and having an increased crystalline composition at positions adjacent the boundary with the second member than at positions displaced from such adjacent positions, the polycrystalline material being hermetically sealed to the first member and the second member at a fusing temperature of approximately 1500° F. to 1600° F. for a limited period of time to inhibit the formation of carbides at the surface of the second member, the first member, the second member and the polycrystalline insulating material being hermetically sealed in an oxygen-rich atmosphere providing an excess of oxygen atoms and causing the polycrystalline insulating material to have an oxygen valence bond which causes oxygen atoms to be shared between the insulating material and the second member and such sharing of oxygen atoms resulting from the fusion of the first member, the second member and the insulating material in an oxygen-rich atmosphere, and the first member, the second member and the polycrystalline insulating material being quenched in air after being hermetically sealed at the fusing temperature of approximately 1500° F. to 1600° F.