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Similarity calculator comprising a buffer for a single input pattern feature vector to be pattern matched with reference patterns

Assignee: NEC Corp
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Filing: 1980-05-27
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Granted: 1982-03-09
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Expires: 2000-05-27
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Abstract

Abstract A similarity calculator for calculating a set of similarity measures S(A(u, m), B c )'s according to the technique of dynamic programming comprises an input pattern buffer for successively producing input pattern feature vectors of an input pattern A to be pattern matched with reference patterns B c , an m-th input pattern feature vector a m at a time. The similarity measure set is for a set of fragmentary patterns A(u, m)'s defined by a common end point m and start points u's predetermined relative to the end point m. Scalar products (a m ·b j n ) are calculated between the m-th input pattern feature vector and reference pattern feature vectors b j n of an n-th reference pattern B n and stored in a scalar product buffer. Recurrence values are calculated according to a recurrence formula for each end point m, rather than for each fragmentary pattern set, and for each reference pattern B n to provide a similarity measure subset S(A(u, m), B n )'s, with a recurrence value for each reference pattern feature vector b v calculated by the use of the scalar product (a m ·b v ) and recurrence values calculated for a previous end point (m-1) and for at least three consecutive reference pattern feature vectors preselected relative to that reference pattern feature vector b v . Instead of the scalar product, it is possible to use any one of other measures representative of a similarity or a dissimilarity between an input pattern feature vector and a reference pattern feature vector.

Inventors

  • 👤 Hiroaki Sakoe

Bibliographic Details

Application Number —
Jurisdiction US
Data Source google_patents
Last Synchronized 2026-10-23 19:20
CPC Classifications
G; G10; G10L; G10L15/00; G10L15/08; G10L15/12

Claims Analysis

Total Claims: 3
Claim 1
Independent Claim 811 words
A similarity calculator for calculating a set of similarity measures S(A(u, m), B c )'s between every one of a set of fragmentary patterns A(u, m)'s of an input pattern A and every one of first through N-th reference patterns B c (c=1, 2, . . . , N), said input pattern A being given by a time sequence of first through I-th input pattern feature vectors a i (i=1, 2, . . . , I), said set of fragmentary patterns A(u, m)'s being defined by an end point m (m being representative of each of i) and a plurality of start points u's predetermined relative to the end point m as those parts of said time sequence which consist of (u+1)-th through m-th input pattern feature vectors a u+1 to a m , an n-th reference pattern B n (n being representative of each of c) being given by a time sequence of first through J n -th reference pattern feature vectors b j n (j n =1, 2, . . . , J n ), said similarity calculator comprising: input pattern buffer means for producing said input pattern feature vectors a i successively in the ascending order, the m-th input pattern feature vector a m during an m-th relatively long period of time; a reference pattern memory for memorizing the reference pattern feature vectors b j c of the respective reference patterns B c ; control means operatively coupled to said input pattern buffer means for producing a reference pattern specifying signal specifying said reference patterns B c successively in a predetermined order in the m-th relatively long period, the n-th reference pattern B n during an n-th period of first through N-th intermediate poriods of time, a first set of signals specifying in a first fragment of the n-th intermediate period the first through the J n -th reference pattern feature vectors b j n , respectively, an integer specifying signal specifying integers 1 through (J n +r) (r being representative of a predetermined integer) successively in the descending order in a second fragment next succeeding the first fragment in the n-th intermediate period, one integer k (k being representative of each of 1 through [J n +r]) during a k-th period of (J n +r)-th through first relatively short periods of time, and a second set of signals specifying in each relatively short period in the n-th intermediate period those consecutive ones of the first through the J n -th reference pattern feature vectors b j n , respectively, which are prescribed relative to the integer k specified during said each relatively short period; reference pattern output means connected to said reference pattern memory and respective to the reference pattern specifying signal and the first-set signals for making said reference pattern memory produce the first through the J n -th reference pattern feature vectors b j n in the n-th intermediate period; scalar product calculating means connected to said input pattern buffer means and said reference pattern output means for calculating, in the n-th intermediate period of the m-th relatively long period, scalar products (a m ·b j n ) of the m-th input pattern feature vector a m and the respective reference pattern feature vectors b j n produced in the meantime; scalar product buffer means connected to said scalar product calculating means and said control means and comprising a plurality of buffer addresses specifiable by the signals of whichever of the first and the second sets for holding the scalar products (a m ·b j n ) in the buffer addresses specified by the first-set signals and for producing the scalar products (a m ·b j n ) from the buffer addresses specified by the second-set signals; and recurrence value calculating means connected to said scalar product buffer means and responsive to the reference pattern specifying signal, the integer specifying signal, and the second-set signals for carrying out, during the k-th relatively short period in the n-th intermediate period of the m-th relatively long period and for a v-th reference pattern feature vector b v (v being representative of each of j n ) specified in the meanwhile by a v-th one of the second-set signals, calculation of a recurrence value g k (m, v) by the use of the scalar product (a m ·b v ) produced from the buffer address specified by the last-mentioned second-set signal and the recurrence values comprising three recurrence values g k-1 (m-1, v)'s calculated during the (k-1)-th relatively short period in the n-th intermediate period of the (m-1)-th relatively long period and for three consecutive reference pattern feature vectors b v 's predetermined relative to the v-th reference pattern feature vector b v , said recurrence value calculating means providing the similarity measure set S(A(u, m), B c )'s at the end of the m-th relatively long period.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim 811 words
A similarity calculator for calculating a set of similarity measures S(A(u, m), B c )'s between every one of a set of fragmentary patterns A(u, m)'s of an input pattern A and every one of first through N-th reference patterns B c (c=1, 2, . . . , N), said input pattern A being given by a time sequence of first through I-th input pattern feature vectors a i (i=1, 2, . . . , I), said set of fragmentary patterns A(u, m)'s being defined by an end point m (m being representative of each of i) and a plurality of start points u's predetermined relative to the end point m as those parts of said time sequence which consist of (u+1)-th through m-th input pattern feature vectors a u+1 to a m , an n-th reference pattern B n (n being representative of each of c) being given by a time sequence of first through J n -th reference pattern feature vectors b j n (j n =1, 2, . . . , J n ), said similarity calculator comprising: input pattern buffer means for producing said input pattern feature vectors a i successively in the ascending order, the m-th input pattern feature vector a m during an m-th relatively long period of time; a reference pattern memory for memorizing the reference pattern feature vectors b j c of the respective reference patterns B c ; control means operatively coupled to said input pattern buffer means for producing a reference pattern specifying signal specifying said reference patterns B c successively in a predetermined order in the m-th relatively long period, the n-th reference pattern B n during an n-th period of first through N-th intermediate poriods of time, a first set of signals specifying in a first fragment of the n-th intermediate period the first through the J n -th reference pattern feature vectors b j n , respectively, an integer specifying signal specifying integers 1 through (J n +r) (r being representative of a predetermined integer) successively in the descending order in a second fragment next succeeding the first fragment in the n-th intermediate period, one integer k (k being representative of each of 1 through [J n +r]) during a k-th period of (J n +r)-th through first relatively short periods of time, and a second set of signals specifying in each relatively short period in the n-th intermediate period those consecutive ones of the first through the J n -th reference pattern feature vectors b j n , respectively, which are prescribed relative to the integer k specified during said each relatively short period; reference pattern output means connected to said reference pattern memory and respective to the reference pattern specifying signal and the first-set signals for making said reference pattern memory produce the first through the J n -th reference pattern feature vectors b j n in the n-th intermediate period; scalar product calculating means connected to said input pattern buffer means and said reference pattern output means for calculating, in the n-th intermediate period of the m-th relatively long period, scalar products (a m ·b j n ) of the m-th input pattern feature vector a m and the respective reference pattern feature vectors b j n produced in the meantime; scalar product buffer means connected to said scalar product calculating means and said control means and comprising a plurality of buffer addresses specifiable by the signals of whichever of the first and the second sets for holding the scalar products (a m ·b j n ) in the buffer addresses specified by the first-set signals and for producing the scalar products (a m ·b j n ) from the buffer addresses specified by the second-set signals; and recurrence value calculating means connected to said scalar product buffer means and responsive to the reference pattern specifying signal, the integer specifying signal, and the second-set signals for carrying out, during the k-th relatively short period in the n-th intermediate period of the m-th relatively long period and for a v-th reference pattern feature vector b v (v being representative of each of j n ) specified in the meanwhile by a v-th one of the second-set signals, calculation of a recurrence value g k (m, v) by the use of the scalar product (a m ·b v ) produced from the buffer address specified by the last-mentioned second-set signal and the recurrence values comprising three recurrence values g k-1 (m-1, v)'s calculated during the (k-1)-th relatively short period in the n-th intermediate period of the (m-1)-th relatively long period and for three consecutive reference pattern feature vectors b v 's predetermined relative to the v-th reference pattern feature vector b v , said recurrence value calculating means providing the similarity measure set S(A(u, m), B c )'s at the end of the m-th relatively long period.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim 494 words
A similarity calculator as claimed in claim 1, wherein: said control means comprises: means for producing a third set of signals specifying integers 1 through (2r+1) in the k-th relatively short period; and means for calculating algebraic sums equal to the integers p's (p being representative of each of 1 through [2r+1]) plus the integer k minus the predetermined integer r minus one to make said second-set signals represent the algebraic sums in the k-th relatively short period; said recurrence value calculating means comprising: a recurrence value memory comprising first through N-th sectors specifiable by the reference pattern specifying signal, the n-th sector specified during the n-th intermediate period comprising first through (J n +r)-th stages specifiable by the integer specifying signal, the k-th stage specified during the k-th relatively short period in the n-th intermediate period comprising first through (2r+1)-th memory addresses specifiable by the respective third-set signals and being for storing the recurrence values g k (m, v)'s calculated in the meanwhile and for the v-th reference pattern feature vectors b v 's specified by the second-set signals representative of the algebraic sums; recurrence value output means connected to said recurrence value memory and responsive to the reference pattern specifying signal, the integer specifying signal, and the third-set signals produced in the m-th relatively long period for making said recurrence value memory produce the recurrence values g k-1 (m-1, v)'s calculated in the (m-1)-th relatively long period and stored in at least three consecutive memory addresses in the (k-1)-th stage of the n-th sector when the p-th memory address in the k-th stage of the n-th sector is specified in the m-th relatively long period, said at least three consecutive memory addresses including the p-th memory address; a recurrence value calculator connected to said scalar product buffer means and said recurrence value output means for selecting a maximum of the recurrence values g k-1 (m-1, v)'s produced when the p-th memory address is specified in the k-th stage of the n-th sector in the m-th relatively long period and for calculating a sum of said maximum and the scalar product (a m ·b v ) produced from the buffer address specified by that one of the second-set signals which is representative of the algebraic sum calculated for the integer p, said recurrence value calculator thereby providing a new recurrence value g k (m, v) given by the sum calculated thereby; and input means connected to said recurrence value memory and said recurrence value calculator and responsive to the reference pattern specifying signal, the integer specifying signal, and the third-set signals for substituting the new recurrence value g k (m, v) for the recurrence value g k (m-1, v) stored in the p-th memory address in the k-th stage of the n-th sector in the (m-1)-th relatively long period, said recurrence value memory thereby storing the similarity measure set S(A(u, m), B c )'s at the end of the m-th relatively long period.

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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows

Annuity Stage Window Opens Payment Deadline Surcharge Period Until Estimated Fee Status
3.5 Years (Year 4) 1985-03-08 1985-09-07 1986-03-09 $2000.00 Window Closed / Lapsed
7.5 Years (Year 8) 1989-03-08 1989-09-07 1990-03-09 $3760.00 Window Closed / Lapsed
11.5 Years (Year 12) 1993-03-08 1993-09-07 1994-03-09 $7700.00 Window Closed / Lapsed

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