Patent US4290043A successfully refreshed from Google Patents.
US4290043A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Method of and system for detecting marine obstacles
Assignee: KAPLAN IRWIN M
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Filing: 1979-10-16
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Granted: 1981-09-15
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Expires: 1999-10-16
Abstract
Abstract A marine obstacle avoidance system for and method of alerting a helmsman of a marine vehicle to the danger of maritime collision with floating and/or submerged objects. The system includes an optical transmitter, an optical receiver, and an alarm. The transmitter transmits an incident light beam towards the waterline, whereupon a reflected light beam and a refracted lightbeam are generated. An obstacle in the path of either the incident and/or reflected and/or refracted beams is detected by reflecting the light back towards the receiver which, in turn, sounds the alarm.
Inventors
- 👤 Irwin M. Kaplan
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-26 23:31
CPC Classifications
G; G01; G01S; G01S17/00; G01S17/88; G01S17/93; G08; G08G; G08G3/00; G08G3/02; Y; Y10; Y10S; Y10S367/00; Y10S367/909
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 44
Claim 1
Independent Claim
389 words
A marine obstacle avoidance system for alerting a helmsman of a marine vehicle to the danger of maritime collision with floating and/or submerged obstacles, comprising: (a) transmitter means mounted on the marine vehicle at a location above the air-water interface, for generating light radiation with at least one wavelength in the range including the ultraviolet light region, the visible light region and the infrared light region of the light spectrum, and thereupon for transmitting the generated light radiation as an incident light beam along a path which extends generally forwardly away from the marine vehicle, as considered along the forward direction of advancement of the vehicle, and downwardly towards the water surface at a predetermined angle below the horizon, (1) one portion of the transmitted incident light beam being reflected off the water surface to constitute a reflected light beam which extends along a path only forwardly away from the marine vehicle and upwardly into the air, and (2) another portion of the transmitted incident light beam being refracted into the water to constitute a refracted light beam which extends along a path only forwardly away from the marine vehicle and downwardly into the water, said incident, reflected and refracted light beams being redirected in direction towards the marine vehicle when obstacles are located in their respective paths, and not being redirected towards the marine vehicle when obstacles are not located in their respective paths; (b) receiver means mounted on the same marine vehicle for detecting the presence of any redirected light radiation which was initially transmitted by the transmitter means and which was thereupon reflected off obstacles lying in the paths of the incident light beam and/or the reflected lightbeam and/or the refracted light beam, and for also detecting the non-return of the incident, reflected and refracted light beams when no obstacles are located in their respective paths; and (c) alarm means responsive to detection by the receiver means for alerting the helmsman to the presence of a floating obstacle in the paths of the incident light beam and/or the reflected light beam, and also for alerting the helmsman to the presence of a submerged obstacle in the path of the refracted light beam, whereby the helmsman is forewarned to the danger of a maritime collision of the marine vehicle with obstacles located generally forwardly of the same.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
389 words
A marine obstacle avoidance system for alerting a helmsman of a marine vehicle to the danger of maritime collision with floating and/or submerged obstacles, comprising: (a) transmitter means mounted on the marine vehicle at a location above the air-water interface, for generating light radiation with at least one wavelength in the range including the ultraviolet light region, the visible light region and the infrared light region of the light spectrum, and thereupon for transmitting the generated light radiation as an incident light beam along a path which extends generally forwardly away from the marine vehicle, as considered along the forward direction of advancement of the vehicle, and downwardly towards the water surface at a predetermined angle below the horizon, (1) one portion of the transmitted incident light beam being reflected off the water surface to constitute a reflected light beam which extends along a path only forwardly away from the marine vehicle and upwardly into the air, and (2) another portion of the transmitted incident light beam being refracted into the water to constitute a refracted light beam which extends along a path only forwardly away from the marine vehicle and downwardly into the water, said incident, reflected and refracted light beams being redirected in direction towards the marine vehicle when obstacles are located in their respective paths, and not being redirected towards the marine vehicle when obstacles are not located in their respective paths; (b) receiver means mounted on the same marine vehicle for detecting the presence of any redirected light radiation which was initially transmitted by the transmitter means and which was thereupon reflected off obstacles lying in the paths of the incident light beam and/or the reflected lightbeam and/or the refracted light beam, and for also detecting the non-return of the incident, reflected and refracted light beams when no obstacles are located in their respective paths; and (c) alarm means responsive to detection by the receiver means for alerting the helmsman to the presence of a floating obstacle in the paths of the incident light beam and/or the reflected light beam, and also for alerting the helmsman to the presence of a submerged obstacle in the path of the refracted light beam, whereby the helmsman is forewarned to the danger of a maritime collision of the marine vehicle with obstacles located generally forwardly of the same.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
40 words
The marine system as defined in claim 1, wherein said transmitter means includes a multi-spectral light source; and light-modifying means for attenuating the visible light frequencies emitted by the source, and for transmitting only the ultraviolet and infrared frequencies thereof.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
25 words
The marine system as defined in claim 2, wherein said light-modifying means includes filter means for transmitting a selected band of ultraviolet and infrared frequencies.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
36 words
The marine system as defined in claim 1, wherein said transmitter means includes a modulatable light source; and means for rapidly pulsing the source on and off to thereby transmit a plurality of outgoing light pulses.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
62 words
The marine system as defined in claim 4, wherein said pulsing means includes means for generating a plurality of transmitter trigger pulses, each having two operational states; means responsive to one state of each pulse for energizing the light source to emit light; and means responsive to the other state of each pulse for de-energizing the light source to stop emitting light.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
84 words
The marine system as defined in claim 5, wherein said light source is a flash tube; and wherein said energizing means includes a storage capacitor operatively connected with the flash tube, and means responsive to said one state of each pulse for charging the capacitor to a voltage level sufficient to light the flash tube; and wherein said de-energizing means includes means responsive to said other state of each pulse for discharging the capacitor to a voltage level sufficient to extinguish the flash tube.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
19 words
The marine system as defined in claim 1, wherein said transmitter means includes a Xenon flash tube light source.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
46 words
The marine system as defined in claim 1, wherein said transmitter means includes a light source operative for emitting light rays which diverge outwardly and forwardly therefrom, and collimating means for optically modifying the outwardly diverging light rays to a set of generally parallel light rays.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
35 words
The marine system as defined in claim 8, wherein said transmitter means also includes baffle means located between said light source and said collimating means, for shaping the cross-sectional dimension of the outwardly diverging rays.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
24 words
The marine system as defined in claim 8, wherein said transmitter means also includes means for protecting the light source from deleterious environmental conditions.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
26 words
The marine system as defined in claim 1, wherein said transmitter means is optically boresighted with said receiver means and is mounted above the air-water interface.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
53 words
The marine system as defined in claim 1, wherein said receiver means includes a photodiode, first means for biasing the photodiode into the photo-conductive mode, second means for biasing the photodiode into the photo-voltaic mode, and means responsive to ambient light intensity for selecting one of said first and said second biasing means.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
38 words
The marine system as defined in claim 1, wherein said receiver means includes a light sensor operative for receiving the returning light rays reflected off the obstacles, and means for focussing the returning light rays towards the sensor.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
35 words
The marine system as defined in claim 13, wherein said receiver means means includes baffle means located between the light sensor and the focussing means, for shaping the cross-sectional dimension of the returning light rays.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
24 words
The marine system as defined in claim 13, wherein said receiver means also includes means for protecting the light sensor from deleterious environmental conditions.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
39 words
The marine system as defined in claim 13, wherein said receiver means includes light-modifying means for attenuating the visible light frequencies emitted by said transmitter means, and for transmitting only the ultraviolet and infrared frequencies towards the light sensor.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
54 words
The marine system as defined in claim 1; and further comprising means for adjustably mounting said transmitter means and said receiver means for joint tilting movement in the up-and-down direction to thereby set the size of said predetermined angle; and locking means for fixing the position of said transmitter means and said receiver means.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
47 words
The marine system as defined in claim 1; and further comprising means for adjustably mounting said transmitter means and said receiver means for joint sweeping movement about a generally vertical axis to thereby detect obstacles on the port and on the starboard sides of the marine vehicle.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
31 words
The marine system as defined in claim 1, wherein said incident light beam is generally conically-shaped and has an acute vertical beam width angle and an acute horizontal beam width angle.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
52 words
The marine system as defined in claim 1, wherein said receiver means generates an ambient electrical signal derived from ambient light conditions, and a return electrical signal derived from the scattered light radiation reflected off the obstacles; and further comprising means for electronically discriminating between the ambient signal and the return signal.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
45 words
The marine system as defined in claim 20, wherein said receiver means includes a light sensor operable in two modes; and further comprising means responsive to the intensity of said ambient light conditions for selecting the one of the two modes for the light sensor.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
38 words
The marine system as defined in claim 20, wherein said alarm means includes signal processing means responsive to said return signal for generating an alarm signal, and indicator means responsive to said alarm signal for alerting the helmsman.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
45 words
The marine system as defined in claim 22, wherein said signal processing means includes means for comparing the voltage of the return signal with a predetermined threshold voltage level, and for generating a peak alarm signal when the return signal voltage exceeds the threshold voltage.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
78 words
The marine system as defined in claim 22, wherein said return signal constitutes a series of pulses; and wherein said signal processing means includes means for storing the voltage of each successive pulse, integrator means for summing the voltages of the pulses, and means for comparing the summed voltages with a predetermined threshold voltage level independent of said return signal, and for generating an integrator alarm signal when the magnitude of the summed voltages exceeds the threshold voltage.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
28 words
The marine system as defined in claim 24; and further comprising means for resetting the integrator means each time the integrator or the peak alarm signal is generated.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
46 words
The marine system as defined in claim 1; and further comprising means for modulating the transmitter means to thereby transmit incident light beam pulses; and means for actuating the receiver means only during time intervals when the returning light beam pulses are expected to be received.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
27 words
The marine system as defined in claim 26, wherein said actuating means includes a time delay circuit operatively connected between said transmitter means and said receiver means.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
16 words
The marine system as defined in claim 22, wherein said indicator means includes an auditory-indicating device.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
37 words
The marine system as defined in claim 1, and further comprising an additional transmitter means and a receiver means mounted on the same marine vehicle at a location spaced from the first-mentioned transmitter means and receiver means.
Claim 31
Independent Claim
356 words
A method of alerting a helmsman of a marine vehicle to the danger of maritime collisions with floating and/or submerged obstacles, comprising the steps of: (a) generating light radiation with at least one wavelength in the range including the ultraviolet light region, the visible light region and the infrared light region of the light spectrum, and thereupon transmitting the generated light radiation as an incident light beam along a path which extends generally forwardly away from the marine vehicle, as considered along the forward direction of advancement at the vehicle, and downwardly towards the water surface at a predetermined angle below the horizon, (1) one portion of the transmitted incident light beam being reflected off the water surface to constitute a reflected light beam which extends along a path only forwardly away from the marine vehicle and upwardly into the air, and (2) another portion of the transmitted incident light beam being refracted into the water to constitute a refracted light beam which extends along a path only forwardly away from the marine vehicle and downwardly into the water, said incident, reflected and refracted light beams being redirected in direction towards the marine vehicle when obstacles are located in their respective paths, and not being redirected towards the marine vehicle when obstacles are not located in their respective paths; (b) detecting the presence of any redirected light radiation which was initially transmitted and which was thereupon reflected off obstacles lying in the paths of the incident light beam and/or reflected light beam and/or the refracted light beam, and for also detecting the non -return of the incident, reflected and refracted light beams when no obstacles are located in their respective paths; and (c) alerting, in response to said detection, the helmsman to the presence of a floating obstacle in the paths of the incident light beam and/or the reflected light beam, and also for alerting the helmsman to the presence of a submerged obstacle in the path of the refracted light beam, whereby the helmsman is forewarned to the danger of a maritime collision of the marine vehicle with obstacles located generally forwardly of the same.
Claim 32
Independent Claim
356 words
A method of alerting a helmsman of a marine vehicle to the danger of maritime collisions with floating and/or submerged obstacles, comprising the steps of: (a) generating light radiation with at least one wavelength in the range including the ultraviolet light region, the visible light region and the infrared light region of the light spectrum, and thereupon transmitting the generated light radiation as an incident light beam along a path which extends generally forwardly away from the marine vehicle, as considered along the forward direction of advancement at the vehicle, and downwardly towards the water surface at a predetermined angle below the horizon, (1) one portion of the transmitted incident light beam being reflected off the water surface to constitute a reflected light beam which extends along a path only forwardly away from the marine vehicle and upwardly into the air, and (2) another portion of the transmitted incident light beam being refracted into the water to constitute a refracted light beam which extends along a path only forwardly away from the marine vehicle and downwardly into the water, said incident, reflected and refracted light beams being redirected in direction towards the marine vehicle when obstacles are located in their respective paths, and not being redirected towards the marine vehicle when obstacles are not located in their respective paths; (b) detecting the presence of any redirected light radiation which was initially transmitted and which was thereupon reflected off obstacles lying in the paths of the incident light beam and/or reflected light beam and/or the refracted light beam, and for also detecting the non -return of the incident, reflected and refracted light beams when no obstacles are located in their respective paths; and (c) alerting, in response to said detection, the helmsman to the presence of a floating obstacle in the paths of the incident light beam and/or the reflected light beam, and also for alerting the helmsman to the presence of a submerged obstacle in the path of the refracted light beam, whereby the helmsman is forewarned to the danger of a maritime collision of the marine vehicle with obstacles located generally forwardly of the same.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
36 words
The method of claim 30, wherein said transmitting step and said detecting step include attenuating the visible light frequencies, and permitting only the ultraviolet and infrared frequencies of the light spectrum to be transmitted and detected.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
26 words
The method of claim 30; and further comprising the step of rapidly pulsing the generated light radiation to thereby transmit a plurality of outgoing light pulses.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
46 words
The method of claim 32, and further comprising the steps of generating a plurality of transmitter trigger pulses each having two operational states, emitting light in response to one state of each pulse, and blocking light transmission in response to the other state of each pulse.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
29 words
The method of claim 30; and further comprising the step of tilting the incident light beam in the up-and-down direction to thereby change the size of said predetermined angle.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
38 words
The method of claim 30; wherein the marine vehicle has a port side and a starboard side; and further comprising the step of turning the incident light beam to the port and starboard sides of the marine vehicle.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
48 words
The method of claim 30, wherein said detecting step includes generating an ambient electrical signal from ambient light conditions, and generating a return electrical signal from the scattered light radiation reflected off the obstacles; and the step of electronically discriminating between the ambient signal and the return signal.
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
47 words
The method of claim 36, wherein said detecting step is conducted in a day mode and in a night mode; and further comprising the step of selecting in response to the intensity of the ambient light conditions the operational mode in which the detection will take place.
Claim 40
Dependent Claim
30 words
The method of claim 36, wherein said alerting step includes generating an alarm signal in response to said return signal, and alarming the helmsman in response to said alarm signal.
Claim 41
Dependent Claim
43 words
The method of claim 38, wherein said alerting step includes comparing the voltage of the return signal with a predetermined threshold voltage level independent of said return signal, and generating a peak alarm signal when the return signal voltage exceeds the threshold voltage.
Claim 42
Dependent Claim
60 words
The method of claim 38, wherein said return signal constitutes a series of pulses; and wherein said alerting step includes storing the voltage of each successive pulse, summing the voltages of the pulses, comparing the summed voltages with a predetermined threshold voltage level, and generating an integrator alarm signal when the magnitude of the summed voltages exceeds the threshold voltage.
Claim 43
Dependent Claim
25 words
The method of claim 40, and further comprising the step of resetting the summation of the voltages each time the integrator alarm signal is generated.
Claim 44
Dependent Claim
42 words
The method of claim 30, and further comprising the step of modulating the light radiation to thereby transmit incident light beam pulses; and performing the detecting step only during time intervals when the returning light beam pulses are expected to be received.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1984-09-14 | 1985-03-16 | 1985-09-15 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1988-09-14 | 1989-03-16 | 1989-09-15 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1992-09-14 | 1993-03-16 | 1993-09-15 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |