US4271053A — Quaternary ammonium graft copolymers for use as f…

Claim 1

Independent Claim 218 words

A quaternary ammonium graft copolymer which comprises polymeric units characterized by the general formula: ##STR8## wherein n, y and z represent the relative molar equivalent fractions of each of the respective polymeric units in the graft copolymer, the sum of n, y and z being 1.0, the value of n varying from 0.00 to 0.99, the value of y varying from 0.00 to 0.99 and the value of z varying from 0.01 to 0.99; q is an integer greater than 1; A is the unit derived from at least one difunctional amine selected from the group consisting of primary amines and di(secondary)amines; t is an integer varying from 1 to 2; E is the unit obtained from a compound selected from the group consisting of epihalohydrins and diepoxides after its reaction with said difunctional amine; R is an organic radical derived from a quaternizing agent having the general formula RX, where X is the residual counter ion formed after quaternization; B is the unit derived from an organic dihalide having the general formula BY 2 , where Y is Cl - , Br - or I - with the proviso that such halogens are not attached to the same carbon atom; and C is the unit derived from an organic di(tertiary)amine after its reaction with said organic dihalide.

Claim 2

Dependent Claim 218 words

A quaternary ammonium graft copolymer which comprises polymeric units characterized by the general formula: ##STR8## wherein n, y and z represent the relative molar equivalent fractions of each of the respective polymeric units in the graft copolymer, the sum of n, y and z being 1.0, the value of n varying from 0.00 to 0.99, the value of y varying from 0.00 to 0.99 and the value of z varying from 0.01 to 0.99; q is an integer greater than 1; A is the unit derived from at least one difunctional amine selected from the group consisting of primary amines and di(secondary)amines; t is an integer varying from 1 to 2; E is the unit obtained from a compound selected from the group consisting of epihalohydrins and diepoxides after its reaction with said difunctional amine; R is an organic radical derived from a quaternizing agent having the general formula RX, where X is the residual counter ion formed after quaternization; B is the unit derived from an organic dihalide having the general formula BY 2 , where Y is Cl - , Br - or I - with the proviso that such halogens are not attached to the same carbon atom; and C is the unit derived from an organic di(tertiary)amine after its reaction with said organic dihalide.

Claim 3

Dependent Claim 17 words

The graft copolymer of claim 1 wherein A is derived from a primary alkyl or primary arylamine.

Claim 4

Dependent Claim 15 words

The graft copolymer of claim 1 wherein A is derived from a di(secondary)alkyl or di(secondary)arylamine.

Claim 5

Dependent Claim 12 words

The graft copolymer of claim 1 wherein A is derived from piperazine.

Claim 6

Dependent Claim 51 words

The graft copolymer of claim 1 wherein A is derived from piperazine, E is derived from epichlorohydrin, B is derived from 1,4-dichloro-2-butene and C is derived from 1,3-bis(dimethylamino)-2-propanol, the polymer units being characterized by the general formula: ##STR9## wherein n, y, q, z and R are as defined in claim 1.

Claim 7

Dependent Claim 29 words

The graft copolymer of claim 1 wherein n varies from about 0.1 to 0.80, y varies from about 0.2 to 0.7 and z varies from about 0.01 to 0.6.

Claim 8

Dependent Claim 24 words

The graft copolymer of claim 1 wherein RX is selected from the group consisting of allyl halides, benzyl halides, alkyl halides and alkyl sulfates.

Claim 9

Independent Claim 285 words

A method of preparing a cationic quaternary ammonium graft copolymer which comprises polymer units characterized by the general formula: ##STR10## wherein n, y and z represent the relative molar equivalent fractions of each of the respective polymeric units in the graft copolymer, the sum of n, y and z being 1.0, the value of n varying from 0.00 to 0.99, the value of y varying from 0.00 to 0.99 and the value of Z varying from 0.01 to 0.99; q is an integer greater than 1; A is the unit derived from at least one difunctional amine selected from the group consisting of primary amines and di(secondary)amines; t is an integer varying from 1 to 2; E is the unit obtained from a compound selected from the group consisting of epihalohydrins and diepoxides after its reaction with said difunctional amine; R is an organic radical derived from a quaternizing agent having the general formula RX, where X is the residual counter ion formed after quaternization; B is the unit derived from an organic dihalide having the general formula BY 2 , where Y is Cl - , Br - or I - with the proviso that such halogens are not attached to the same carbon atom; and C is the unit derived from an organic di(tertiary)amine after its reaction with said organic dihalide comprising the steps of: (a) reacting a difunctional amine selected from the group consisting of primary amines and di(secondary)amines and a compound selected from the group consisting of epihalohydrins and diepoxides in the presence of a base to form a water soluble polymer backbone; and (b) reacting said polymer backbone with a di(tertiary)amine and an organic dihalide to form the graft copolymer.

Claim 10

Independent Claim 285 words

A method of preparing a cationic quaternary ammonium graft copolymer which comprises polymer units characterized by the general formula: ##STR10## wherein n, y and z represent the relative molar equivalent fractions of each of the respective polymeric units in the graft copolymer, the sum of n, y and z being 1.0, the value of n varying from 0.00 to 0.99, the value of y varying from 0.00 to 0.99 and the value of Z varying from 0.01 to 0.99; q is an integer greater than 1; A is the unit derived from at least one difunctional amine selected from the group consisting of primary amines and di(secondary)amines; t is an integer varying from 1 to 2; E is the unit obtained from a compound selected from the group consisting of epihalohydrins and diepoxides after its reaction with said difunctional amine; R is an organic radical derived from a quaternizing agent having the general formula RX, where X is the residual counter ion formed after quaternization; B is the unit derived from an organic dihalide having the general formula BY 2 , where Y is Cl - , Br - or I - with the proviso that such halogens are not attached to the same carbon atom; and C is the unit derived from an organic di(tertiary)amine after its reaction with said organic dihalide comprising the steps of: (a) reacting a difunctional amine selected from the group consisting of primary amines and di(secondary)amines and a compound selected from the group consisting of epihalohydrins and diepoxides in the presence of a base to form a water soluble polymer backbone; and (b) reacting said polymer backbone with a di(tertiary)amine and an organic dihalide to form the graft copolymer.

Claim 11

Dependent Claim 20 words

The method of claim 8 wherein the polymer backbone is at least partially quaternized prior to the reaction of step(b).

Claim 12

Dependent Claim 27 words

The method of claim 8 wherein the polymer backbone is stabilized by reacting same with a primary or secondary amine prior to the reaction of step (b).

Claim 13

Dependent Claim 31 words

The method of claim 8 wherein the graft copolymer is stabilized subsequent to its manufacture by maintaining same in an aqueous solution having a pH of from about 4 to 6.

Claim 14

Dependent Claim 32 words

The method of claim 8 wherein the reaction of step(a) is effected in the presence of a substantially alcoholic solvent and the reaction of step(b) is effected in a substantially aqueous solvent.

Claim 15

Dependent Claim 33 words

The method of claim 12 wherein following step(a) and prior to the reaction of step(b), the substantially aqueous solvent is substituted for said substantially alcoholic solvent while maintaining the polymer backbone in solution.

Claim 16

Dependent Claim 47 words

The method of claim 13 wherein substitution of the aqueous solvent for the alcoholic solvent is effected by adding at least a portion of the desired amount of said aqueous solvent to said alcoholic solvent and then removing the alcohol solvent from the resulting solution by distillation.

Claim 17

Dependent Claim 19 words

The method of claim 13 wherein said alcoholic solvent is methanol or ethanol and said aqueous solvent is water.

Claim 18

Dependent Claim 22 words

The method of claim 8 wherein said polymer backbone is formed by the reaction of a di(secondary)alkyl or di(secondary)arylamine and an epihalohydrin.

Claim 19

Dependent Claim 20 words

The method of claim 16 wherein the graft copolymer is formed by reacting said backbone polymer with 1,3-bis(dimethylamino)-2-propanol and 1,4-dichloro-2-butene.

Claim 20

Dependent Claim 23 words

The method of claim 17 wherein the polymer backbone is at least partially quaternized prior to reacting same to form the graft copolymer.

Claim 21

Dependent Claim 44 words

The method of claim 8 wherein the reaction of step(a) is effected at a temperature of from about 0° C. to about 150° C. and the reaction of step(b) is effected out at a temperature of from about 25° C. to about 125° C.

Claim 22

Dependent Claim 43 words

The method of claim 19 wherein the reaction of step(a) is effected at a temperature of from about 25° C. to about 80° C. and the reaction of step(b) is effected at a temperature of from about 50° C. to about 70° C.

Annuity Stage	Window Opens	Payment Deadline	Surcharge Period Until	Estimated Fee	Status
3.5 Years (Year 4)	1984-06-01	1984-12-01	1985-06-02	$2000.00	Window Closed / Lapsed
7.5 Years (Year 8)	1988-06-01	1988-12-01	1989-06-02	$3760.00	Window Closed / Lapsed
11.5 Years (Year 12)	1992-06-01	1992-12-01	1993-06-02	$7700.00	Window Closed / Lapsed

Quaternary ammonium graft copolymers for use as flocculants and method of preparing same

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