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US4200494A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Method of preventing defluidization of carbonaceous particles
Assignee: Katalistiks International Inc
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Filing: 1978-09-18
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Granted: 1980-04-29
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Expires: 1998-09-18
Abstract
Abstract Fresh carbonaceous particles are introduced into a fluid-bed reaction zone containing a bed of non-agglomerating particles at an injection velocity in excess of about 200 ft/sec with the fresh particles having been preheated to a temperature within the plastic transformation range of the particles and introduced rapidly and directly into said bed of non-agglomerating particles. The reaction zone may be a hydrocarbonization zone, a carbonization zone, a gasification zone or any other fluid-bed reaction zone in which defluidization may be caused by undue agglomeration of the feed particles. A fluidized stream of the preheated carbonaceous particles may be introduced at said high injection velocity in a vertically upwards direction or otherwise, as from one or more injection points positioned vertically along the side of the reaction zone.
Inventors
- 👤 Charles R. Welter
- 👤 Barry Liss
- 👤 Hubert G. Davis
- 👤 Charles W. Albright
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-03 14:45
CPC Classifications
B; B01; B01J; B01J8/00; B01J8/0015; C; C10; C10B; C10B49/00; C10B49/02; C10B49/04; C10B49/08; C10B49/10; C10G; C10G1/00; C10G1/02; C10G1/06; C10J; C10J3/00; C10J3/46; C10J3/48; C10J3/482; C10J3/54; C10J3/72; C10J3/82; C10J3/84; C10J2300/00; C10J2300/09; C10J2300/0913; C10J2300/093; C10J2300/0953; C10J2300/0956; C10J2300/0959; C10J2300/0966; C10J2300/0973; C10J2300/0976; C10J2300/18; C10J2300/1807; C10J2300/1846
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 33
Claim 1
Independent Claim
184 words
A method of substantially preventing defluidization due to excessive agglomeration of solid carbonaceous particles in a fluid-bed reaction zone maintained at a reaction temperature above about 450° C. and containing a bed of non-agglomerating particles at the reaction temperature, said method comprising: (a) introducing fresh solid carbonaceous particles in a carrier gas into said reaction zone at an injection velocity in excess of about 200 ft./sec., said solid carbonaceous particles having been pre-heated to a temperature essentially within the plastic transformation temperature range of said particles and being injected rapidly and directly into said reaction zone and into direct contact with the non-agglomerating particles therein; (b) introducing a gaseous reagent into said reaction zone for fluidizing said bed and for reaction with said fresh solid carbonaceous particles at said reaction temperature within said zone, whereby said solid carbonaceous particles are rapidly and uniformly dispersed within said bed of non-agglomerating particles so that undue agglomeration of said fresh solid carbonaceous particles and consequent bed failure are avoided, the relatively hot, fresh solid carbonaceous particles tending to minimize nozzle erosion at the high injection velocities employed.
Claim 2
Independent Claim
184 words
A method of substantially preventing defluidization due to excessive agglomeration of solid carbonaceous particles in a fluid-bed reaction zone maintained at a reaction temperature above about 450° C. and containing a bed of non-agglomerating particles at the reaction temperature, said method comprising: (a) introducing fresh solid carbonaceous particles in a carrier gas into said reaction zone at an injection velocity in excess of about 200 ft./sec., said solid carbonaceous particles having been pre-heated to a temperature essentially within the plastic transformation temperature range of said particles and being injected rapidly and directly into said reaction zone and into direct contact with the non-agglomerating particles therein; (b) introducing a gaseous reagent into said reaction zone for fluidizing said bed and for reaction with said fresh solid carbonaceous particles at said reaction temperature within said zone, whereby said solid carbonaceous particles are rapidly and uniformly dispersed within said bed of non-agglomerating particles so that undue agglomeration of said fresh solid carbonaceous particles and consequent bed failure are avoided, the relatively hot, fresh solid carbonaceous particles tending to minimize nozzle erosion at the high injection velocities employed.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
17 words
The method of claim 1 in which said injection velocity is in excess of about 400 ft./sec.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
15 words
The method of claim 1 in which said fluid-bed comprises a dense phase fluid bed.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
25 words
The method of claim 1 in which said solid carbonaceous particles are preheated in a dense phase prior to being introduced into said reaction zone.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
17 words
The method of claim 1 in which said injection velocity is in excess of about 400 ft./sec.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
27 words
The method of claim 1 in which said solid carbonaceous particles are introduced into the lower portion of the reaction zone in an essentially vertically upwards direction.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
24 words
The method of claim 6 in which said solid carbonaceous particles are introduced into said reaction zone in the substantially axially central portion thereof.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
25 words
The method of claim 6 in which said solid carbonaceous particles are introduced through an injection point substantially at the bottom of said reaction zone.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
31 words
The method of claim 1 in which said preheat temperature essentially within the plastic transformation range of the fresh solid carbonaceous solids is from about 280° C. to about 400° C.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
17 words
The method of claim 9 in which said injection velocity is in excess of about 400 ft./sec.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
19 words
The method of claim 9 in which said preheat temperature is from about 340° C. to about 375° C.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
25 words
The method of claim 9 in which said solid carbonaceous particles are preheated in a dense phase prior to being introduced into said reaction zone.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
28 words
The method of claim 1 in which said reaction zone is a carbonization zone, and said reagent comprises carbonization product gases and vapors and essentially inert carrier gas.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
19 words
The method of claim 13 in which said reaction temperature is between about 500° C. and about 700° C.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
17 words
The method of claim 13 in which said injection velocity is in excess of about 400 ft/sec.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
30 words
The method of claim 13 in which said preheat temperature essentially within the plastic transformation range of said solid carbonaceous particles is from about 280° C. to about 400° C.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
19 words
The method of claim 1 in which said reaction zone is a gasification zone, and said reagent comprises steam.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
19 words
The method of claim 17 in which said reaction temperature is from about 815° C. to about 1000° C.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
17 words
The method of claim 17 in which said injection velocity is in excess of about 400 ft./sec.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
30 words
The method of claim 17 in which said preheat temperature essentially within the plastic transformation range of said solid carbonaceous particles is from about 325° C. to about 400° C.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
27 words
The method of claim 1 in which said solid carbonaceous particles are introduced into the reaction zone from the side thereof in a substantially horizontal, sideward direction.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
15 words
The method of claim 21 in which said fluid-bed comprises a dense phase fluid bed.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
31 words
The method of claim 21 in which said solid carbonaceous particles are introduced into the reaction zone through a plurality of injection points positioned along the side of said reaction zone.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
31 words
The method of claim 23 in which solid carbonaceous particles are introduced into the reaction zone through injection points located in essentially opposed positions on the walls of the reaction zone.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
52 words
The method of claim 1 in which said solid carbonaceous particles comprise fresh coal particles, said non-agglomerating particles comprise partially reacted coal and char particles, said reaction zone is a hydrocarbonization zone, said reagent is a hydrogen-rich, oxygen-free gas and said reaction temperature is from about 450° C. to about 750° C.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
19 words
The method of claim 25 in which said reaction temperature is from about 500° C. to about 600° C.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
19 words
The method of claim 25 in which said reaction temperature is from about 650° C. to about 750° C.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
29 words
The method of claim 25 in which said preheat temperature essentially within the plastic transformation range of the fresh coal is from about 280° C. to about 400° C.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
18 words
The method of claim 25 in which said coal injection velocity is in excess of about 400 ft./sec.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
25 words
The method of claim 29 in which said fresh coal particles are preheated in a dense phase prior to being introduced into said reaction zone.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
28 words
The method of claim 30 in which said coal particles are introduced into the reaction zone through an injection point on the side wall of the reaction vessel.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
22 words
The method of claim 31 in which said coal particles are introduced into the reaction zone through a plurality of injection points.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1983-04-29 | 1983-10-29 | 1984-04-29 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1987-04-29 | 1987-10-29 | 1988-04-29 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1991-04-29 | 1991-10-29 | 1992-04-29 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |