Patent US1616151A successfully refreshed from Google Patents.
Patent US4142783A successfully refreshed from Google Patents.
US4142783A
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US
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Reversible electrochromic display device having memory
Assignee: International Business Machines Corp
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Filing: 1977-05-31
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Granted: 1979-03-06
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Expires: 1997-05-31
Abstract
Abstract This invention is concerned with a reversible electrochromic display device wherein its electrochromic activity is derived from an electrochromic active molecules which are attached to a porous polymeric resin.
Inventors
- 👤 Edward M. Engler
- 👤 Frank B. Kaufman
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-25 18:08
CPC Classifications
C; C09; C09K; C09K9/00; C09K9/02; C09B; C09B69/00; C09B69/10; G; G02; G02F; G02F1/00; G02F1/01; G02F1/15; G02F1/1514; G02F1/1516
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 24
Claim 1
Independent Claim
140 words
A reversible electrochromic display device having memory comprising: (a) a unit cell having a working electrode and a spaced apart counter electrode; (b) means for applying an electric field across said electrodes in said unit cell and for reversing polarity; (c) a layer of a porous copolymer resin coated on said working electrode, said resin having covalently bonded thereto electroactive molecules selected from the group consisting of pyrazoline derivatives, tetrathiafulvalene and its derivatives, tetraselenafulvalene and its derivatives, p-tetracyanoquinodimethane, nickel bis(dithiolene) and p-benzoquinone, each of which molecules has a functional group which when reacted with said porous copolymer resin becomes covalently bonded thereto through said functional group and functional groups in said porous copolymer resin, said molecules being electrochromically active; and (d) a solution of an electrolyte for the transport of electrons from said coated working electrode to said counter electrode.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
140 words
A reversible electrochromic display device having memory comprising: (a) a unit cell having a working electrode and a spaced apart counter electrode; (b) means for applying an electric field across said electrodes in said unit cell and for reversing polarity; (c) a layer of a porous copolymer resin coated on said working electrode, said resin having covalently bonded thereto electroactive molecules selected from the group consisting of pyrazoline derivatives, tetrathiafulvalene and its derivatives, tetraselenafulvalene and its derivatives, p-tetracyanoquinodimethane, nickel bis(dithiolene) and p-benzoquinone, each of which molecules has a functional group which when reacted with said porous copolymer resin becomes covalently bonded thereto through said functional group and functional groups in said porous copolymer resin, said molecules being electrochromically active; and (d) a solution of an electrolyte for the transport of electrons from said coated working electrode to said counter electrode.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
24 words
A reversible electrochromic display device according to claim 1 wherein said copolymer resin is comprised of a porous copolymer of chloromethylated styrene and styrene.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
28 words
A reversible display device according to claim 2 wherein the functional group modified electroactive molecule covalently bonded to said porous copolymer resin is 1, 3-di(p-methoxyphenyl), 5-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-Δ 2 pyrazoline.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
31 words
A reversible electrochromic display device according to claim 2 wherein the functional group modified electroactive molecule covalently bonded to said porous copolymer resin is 1, 5 diphenyl, 3-(p-N-ethylaminophenyl) Δ 2 pyrazoline.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
29 words
A reversible electrochromic display device according to claim 2 wherein the functional group modified electroactive molecule covalently bonded to said porous copolymer resin is 1, 5-di(p-methoxyphenyl)-3-(p-hydroxyphenyl) Δ 2 -pyrazoline.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
28 words
A reversible electrochromic display device according to claim 2 wherein the functional group modified electroactive molecule covalently bonded to said porous copolymer resin is 3, 5-di(p-methoxyphenyl)-1-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-Δ 2 -pyrazoline.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
28 words
A reversible electrochromic display device according to claim 2 wherein the functional group modified electroactive molecule covalently bonded to said porous copolymer resin is 1, 3-di(p-methoxyphenyl)-5-(p-carboxyphenyl)-Δ 2 -pyrazoline.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
27 words
A reversible electrochromic display device according to claim 2 wherein the functional group modified electroactive molecule covalently bonded to said porous copolymer resin is 1,3-di(p-methoxyphenyl)-5-(p-aminophenyl)-Δ 2 -pyrazoline.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
27 words
A reversible electrochromic display device according to claim 2 wherein the functional group modified electroactive molecule covalently bonded to said porous copolymer resin is 1-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(p-methoxystyryl)-5-(p-methoxyphenyl)-Δ 2 -pyrazoline.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
28 words
A reversible electrochromic display device according to claim 2 wherein the functional group modified electroactive molecule covalently bonded to said porous copolymer resin is 1, 5-di(p-methoxyphenyl)-3-(p-carboxyphenyl)-Δ 2 -pyrazoline.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
26 words
A reversible electrochromic display according to claim 2 wherein the functional group modified electroactive molecule covalently bonded to said porous copolymer resin is 1-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(p-diethylaminostyryl)-5-(p-diethylaminophenyl)-.DELTA. 2 -pyrazoline.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
29 words
A reversible electrochromic display device according to claim 2 wherein the functional group modified electroactive molecule covalently bonded to said porous copolymer resin is the monocarboxylic acid of tetrathiafulvalene.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
29 words
A reversible electrochromic display device according to claim 2 wherein the functional group modified electroactive molecule covalently bonded to said porous copolymer resin is the monocarboxylic acid of tetraselenafulvalene.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
29 words
A reversible electrochromic display device according to claim 2 wherein the functional group modified electroactive molecule covalently bonded to said porous copolymer resin is the monocarboxylic acid dithia diselenafulvalene.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
25 words
A reversible electrochromic display device according to claim 2 wherein the functional group modified electroactive molecule covalently bonded to said porous copolymer resin is (hydroxymethyl)tetrathiafulvalene.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
25 words
A reversible electrochromic display device according to claim 2 wherein the functional group modified electroactive molecule covalently bonded to said porous copolymer resin is (hydroxymethyl)tetraselenafulvalene.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
25 words
A reversible electrochromic display device according to claim 2 wherein the functional group modified electroactive molecule covalently bonded to said porous copolymer resin is (p-hydroxyphenyl)-tetrathiafulvalene.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
25 words
A reversible electrochromic display device according to claim 2 wherein the functional group modified electroactive molecule covalently bonded to said porous copolymer resin is (p-hydroxyphenyl)-tetraselenafulvalene.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
25 words
A reversible electrochromic display device according to claim 2 wherein the functional group modified electroactive molecule covalently bonded to said porous copolymer resin is (p-carboxyphenyl)-tetrathiafulvalene.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
25 words
A reversible electrochromic display device according to claim 2 in the functional group modified electroactive molecule covalently bonded to said porous copolymer resin is (p-aminophenyl)-tetrathiafulvalene.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
27 words
A reversible electrochromic display device according to claim 2 wherein the functional group modified electroactive molecule covalently bonded to said porous copolymer resin is carboxy bis(dithiolene) nickel.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
25 words
A reversible electrochromic display device according to claim 2 wherein the functional group modified electroactive molecule covalently bonded to said porous copolymer resin is hydroxyethyl-p-tetracyanoquinodimethane.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
25 words
A reversible electrochromic display device according to claim 2 wherein the functional group modified electroactive molecule covalently bonded to said porous copolymer resin is hydroxyphenyl-p-benzoquinone.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1982-03-05 | 1982-09-04 | 1983-03-06 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1986-03-05 | 1986-09-04 | 1987-03-06 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1990-03-05 | 1990-09-04 | 1991-03-06 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |