Abstract There is disclosed a liquid accelerating additive for wet concrete which has a long shelf stability and which is ideally suited for use in shotcreting applications. The accelerating additive is a composition of sodium and potassium aluminates having the proportions of from 15 to about 40 weight percent alumina, and from 10 to about 25 weight percent of each of sodium and potassium, expressed as the oxides. The balance of the additive is water. The invention also includes a method of shotcreting in which wet concrete is sprayed against the surface of a structure, typically the wall and/or ceiling of a subterranean tunnel or cavern while incorporating in the wet concrete mixture a sufficient quantity of the liquid accelerating additive to control the setting of the concrete coating. The liquid accelerating additive can be incorporated into the concrete mixture by blending it into the water ingredient of the concrete which is admixed with a premixed, dry, solid component that includes the cement and aggregate or, if desired, can be blended into the wet concrete as the concrete is sprayed onto the surface.
An accelerated setting concrete which comprises: 1. a liquid concrete composition containing cement, aggregate and water; and 2. an accelerating additive therefore in an amount from 0.5 to 10 weight percent, sufficient to accelerate setting of said concrete and comprising on a weight basis: a. from 15 to 40 percent alumina b. from 10 to 25 percent sodium expressed as the oxide; c. from 10 to 25 percent potassium expressed as the oxide; and d. the balance being water.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
79 words
An accelerated setting concrete which comprises: 1. a liquid concrete composition containing cement, aggregate and water; and 2. an accelerating additive therefore in an amount from 0.5 to 10 weight percent, sufficient to accelerate setting of said concrete and comprising on a weight basis: a. from 15 to 40 percent alumina b. from 10 to 25 percent sodium expressed as the oxide; c. from 10 to 25 percent potassium expressed as the oxide; and d. the balance being water.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
49 words
The concrete of claim 1 wherein said accelerating additive comprises, on a weight basis: a. from 20 to 30 percent alumina b. from 12 to 20 percent sodium, expressed as the oxide; c. from 12 to 20 percent potassium, expressed as the oxide; and d. the balance being water.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
20 words
The concrete of claim 1 wherein said accelerating additive is present in an amount from 1 to 5 weight percent.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
53 words
The concrete of claim 1 wherein said accelerating additive also includes from 0.1 to about 10 weight percent of a copolymer of an alkyl vinyl ether having an alkyl group of 1 to about 5 carbons with an alpha, beta-ethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acid or anhydride thereof having from 4 to about 7 carbons.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
25 words
The concrete of claim 4 wherein said copolymer is present at a concentration of from 3 to about 7 weight percent of said accelerating additive.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
40 words
The accelerated setting concrete of claim 1 wherein said concrete contains from 600 to 800 pounds cement per cubic yard and contains an aggregate of from 45 to 60 weight percent sand and from 55 to 40 weight percent gravel.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
25 words
The accelerated setting concrete of claim 6 wherein said water is present to provide a water to cement ratio of from 0.25 to about 0.4.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
25 words
The concrete of claim 4 wherein said copolymer is methyl vinyl ether maleic acid or anhydride having a molecular weight from 100 to about 10,000.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
35 words
The concrete of claim 7 wherein said methyl vinyl ether maleic anhydride copolymer is present as a mixture of equal weight amounts of copolymer having an average molecular weight of 100 and 1000 molecular units.