Patent US4007008A successfully refreshed from Google Patents.
US4007008A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Preparation of reference serum from animal blood
Assignee: Individual
•
Filing: 1975-07-30
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Granted: 1977-02-08
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Expires: 1995-07-30
Abstract
Abstract A method for treatment of animal blood to simulate human blood for use as a reference standard for automated biological testing instruments wherein the enzyme activities are reduced by base-acid treatment of the serum or plasma from animals and which may include one or more additional treatments, such as decolorizing with an oxidant, removal of inorganic phosphate with an anion exchange resin, reduction of other electrolyte levels by treatment with a mixed bed ion exchange resin, reduction of glucose by treatment with glucose oxidase and the blending of processed animal sera to achieve constituent levels corresponding with human blood serum, including lyophilization of the serum product.
Inventors
- 👤 Milton J. Becker
- 👤 William F. Line
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-26 22:57
CPC Classifications
G; G01; G01N; G01N33/00; G01N33/48; G01N33/50; G01N33/96; A; A61; A61K; A61K35/00; A61K35/12; A61K35/14; A61K35/16; G01N2496/00; G01N2496/05; G01N33/66; G01N33/84; Y; Y10; Y10T; Y10T436/00; Y10T436/10; Y10T436/104165; Y10T436/106664; Y10T436/107497; Y10T436/109163
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 29
Claim 1
Independent Claim
58 words
A method for reducing enzyme activities in animal serum or plasma comprising the steps of raising the pH of the serum or plasma to a level above normal serum pH by the addition with mixing of a base, and then terminating the reaction for reduction of enzyme activities by neutralizing the serum or plasma with an acidic medium.
Claim 2
Independent Claim
58 words
A method for reducing enzyme activities in animal serum or plasma comprising the steps of raising the pH of the serum or plasma to a level above normal serum pH by the addition with mixing of a base, and then terminating the reaction for reduction of enzyme activities by neutralizing the serum or plasma with an acidic medium.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
28 words
The method as claimed in claim 1 in which the base is selected from the group consisting of an alkali metal hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide, and quaternary ammonium salts.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
27 words
The method as claimed in claim 2 in which the quaternary ammonium salt is selected from the group consisting of tetraethyl ammonium hydroxide and tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
25 words
The method as claimed in claim 1 in which the base is added as a concentrated solution to minimize dilution of the serum or plasma.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
31 words
The method as claimed in claim 1 in which the base is added in an amount to raise the pH of the serum to a level which does not exceed 11.5.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
27 words
The method as claimed in claim 1 in which the base is added in an amount to raise the serum to a pH of 10.5 ± 1.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
23 words
The method as claimed in claim 1 in which the reaction is carried out at a temperature within the range of 2°-30° C.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
16 words
The method as claimed in claim 1 in which the acidic medium is a strong acid.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
24 words
The method as claimed in claim 8 in which the acid is selected from the group consisting of H 2 SO 4 and HCl.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
32 words
The method as claimed in claim 1 in which the serum or plasma is derived from an animal selected from the group consisting of bovine, equine, porcine, sheep, human, and mixtures thereof.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
21 words
The method as claimed in claim 1 which includes the step of decolorizing hemolyzed serum by treatment with a mild oxidant.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
97 words
In the preparation of an animal serum which simulates human serum from the standpoint of constituents for use as a control standard with automated biological test equipment, the steps of reducing the enzymatic activities in the animal serum to levels corresponding to that in human serum by adding a concentrated basic material to the animal serum with stirring to raise the serum to a pH level above neutrality, monitoring the mixture to determine the reductions in enzyme activities, and then neutralizing the mixture with an acidic medium when the desired reduction in enzyme activities has been achieved.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
97 words
In the preparation of an animal serum which simulates human serum from the standpoint of constituents for use as a control standard with automated biological test equipment, the steps of reducing the enzymatic activities in the animal serum to levels corresponding to that in human serum by adding a concentrated basic material to the animal serum with stirring to raise the serum to a pH level above neutrality, monitoring the mixture to determine the reductions in enzyme activities, and then neutralizing the mixture with an acidic medium when the desired reduction in enzyme activities has been achieved.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
43 words
In the method as claimed in claim 12 in which the basic material is added an amount to raise the pH of the serum to a level above normal serum pH but to a level which does not exceed a pH of 11.5.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
25 words
In the method as claimed in claim 12 in which the serum is adjusted by the basic material to a pH of 10.5 ± 1.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
56 words
In the method as claimed in claim 12 in which the basic material is selected from the materials consisting of an inorganic base selected from the group consisting of an alkali metal and ammonium hydroxide, and an organic base selected from the group consisting of a quaternary ammonium salts, tetraethyl ammonium hydroxide and tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
38 words
In the method as claimed in claim 12 in which neutralization is effected by the addition of a strong acid in an amount to reduce the pH of the serum to within the range of normal serum pH.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
24 words
In the method as claimed in claim 12 in which the reaction is carried out at a temperature within the range of 2°-30° C.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
27 words
In the method as claimed in claim 12 in which the basic material and acidic material are added in concentrated solution to minimize dilution of the serum.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
41 words
In the method as claimed in claim 12, the inclusion of the step of decolorizing the serum when the serum is a hemolyzed serum by mixing a mild oxidant with the serum at a temperature within the range of 18°-30° C.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
29 words
In the method as claimed in claim 19 in which the mild oxidant is H 2 O 2 and in which the oxidizing agent is destroyed by adding catalase.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
46 words
In the method as claimed in claim 12 which includes the step of reducing inorganic phosphorus in the serum by contacting the serum with an ion exchange resin, and then removing the ion exchange resin when the inorganic phosphorus has been reduced to the desired level.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
61 words
The method as claimed in claim 12, which includes the step after base-acid treatment of the serum to reduce enzyme activities, of removing excess ions from the serum by contacting the serum with an ion exchange medium until the desired level of ion concentration is achieved, and then removing the ion exchange medium from the serum to prevent further ion removal.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
28 words
The method as claimed in claim 22 in which the ion exchange medium is a mixture of ion exchange resins of the OH - and H + form.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
62 words
The method as claimed in claim 12 which includes the step of reducing glucose in the serum by mixing glucose oxidase with the serum while maintaining the temperature below 30° C until the glucose in the serum is reduced to the desired level, and then separating the glucose oxidase from the serum to terminate further reduction of glucose beyond the desired level.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
18 words
In the method as claimed in claim 12, the inclusion of the step of lyophilizing the final product.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
10 words
A lyophilized product produced by the method of claim 25.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
30 words
In the method as claimed in claim 12, in which the serum is blended with other serum having different constituent levels to yield a blend having the desired enzyme level.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1980-02-08 | 1980-08-09 | 1981-02-08 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1984-02-08 | 1984-08-09 | 1985-02-08 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1988-02-08 | 1988-08-09 | 1989-02-08 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |