Patent US3935101A successfully refreshed from Google Patents.
US3935101A
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Clarification process
Assignee: Georgia-Pacific LLC
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Filing: 1974-07-22
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Granted: 1976-01-27
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Expires: 1994-07-22
Abstract
Abstract A clarification process using a water-soluble lignin-di-epoxide composition as a flocculating agent is described. The lignin-di-epoxide compositions are prepared by cross-linking of lignin with a di-epoxide.
Inventors
- 👤 William Scott Briggs
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-02 02:49
CPC Classifications
C; C02; C02F; C02F1/00; C02F1/52; C02F1/54; C02F1/5263
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 20
Claim 1
Independent Claim
150 words
In a process for the clarification of an aqueous suspension of solid particle matter wherein a flocculating agent is added in a sufficient amount to flocculate the suspended particle matter the improvement which cimprises using as a flocculating agent a water-soluble lignin-di-epoxide reaction product obtained by reacting at a pH in range of 8-13 and a temperature in the range of 50° to 220°C a lignin solution containing 20-50 percent lignin with a long-chained di-epoxide having a molecular weight in the range of 120 to 1800 to the extent that the phenolic hydroxyl content of the lignin has been reduced from 40 to 95%, said di-epoxide having linking atoms selected from the group consisting essentially of carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, and oxygen and being a terminal di-epoxide with epoxy groups being on the terminal ends of the long chain, said terminal ends being alkylene groups of at least 3 carbon atoms.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
150 words
In a process for the clarification of an aqueous suspension of solid particle matter wherein a flocculating agent is added in a sufficient amount to flocculate the suspended particle matter the improvement which cimprises using as a flocculating agent a water-soluble lignin-di-epoxide reaction product obtained by reacting at a pH in range of 8-13 and a temperature in the range of 50° to 220°C a lignin solution containing 20-50 percent lignin with a long-chained di-epoxide having a molecular weight in the range of 120 to 1800 to the extent that the phenolic hydroxyl content of the lignin has been reduced from 40 to 95%, said di-epoxide having linking atoms selected from the group consisting essentially of carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, and oxygen and being a terminal di-epoxide with epoxy groups being on the terminal ends of the long chain, said terminal ends being alkylene groups of at least 3 carbon atoms.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
15 words
A process according to claim 1 wherein the flocculating agent is a lignosulfonate-di-epoxide reaction product.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
16 words
A process according to claim 1 wherein the flocculating agent is an alkali lignin-di-epoxide reaction product.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
56 words
A process according to claim 1 wherein the flocculating agent is obtained by dissolving the lignin in an aqueous medium to form a solution containing from 20 to 50 weight percent lignin, intermixing the lignin solution at a pH in the range of 8 to 13 with the di-epoxide to react the di-epoxide with the lignin.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
106 words
A process according to claim 4 wherein the di-epoxide is selected from the group consisting essentially of the following di-epoxides: 1. 1,2,7,8 - diepoxyoctane; 1,2,11,12 - diepoxydodecane; 1,2,7,8 - diepoxy - 4 - methyloctane; 1,2,7,8 - diepoxy - 4,5 - dimethyloctane; and di-epoxides having a general formula: ##EQU6## Where R represents alkylene radicals having up to 18 carbon atoms, arylene or oxy-linked arylene radicals having up to 12 carbon atoms and R 1 represents hydrogen, phenyl or one or more alkyl radicals such that the total carbon atoms of R 1 does not exceed 1/2 of the carbon atoms of the chain containing the oxirane groups.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
100 words
Diglycidyl ethers of 1,4 - butanediol; 1,8 - octanediol; 1,12 - dodecanediol; glycerol, sorbitol; Bisphenol A; 2,5 - bis (hydroxymethyl) tetrahydrofuran; 1,4 - bis [2-(4'-hydroxyphenyl) ethyl] benzene; and dihydroxynaphthalene; and di-epoxides of other aromatic and aliphatic polyols having a general formula: ##EQU7## Where R represents alkylene radicals having up to 18 carbon atoms, arylene or oxy-linked arylene radicals having up to 12 carbon atoms, and R 1 represents hydrogen, phenyl or one or more alkyl radicals such that the total carbon atoms of R 1 is less than 1/2 of the carbon atoms of the chain containing the oxirane groups.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
100 words
Diglycidyl ethers of 1,4 - butanediol; 1,8 - octanediol; 1,12 - dodecanediol; glycerol, sorbitol; Bisphenol A; 2,5 - bis (hydroxymethyl) tetrahydrofuran; 1,4 - bis [2-(4'-hydroxyphenyl) ethyl] benzene; and dihydroxynaphthalene; and di-epoxides of other aromatic and aliphatic polyols having a general formula: ##EQU7## Where R represents alkylene radicals having up to 18 carbon atoms, arylene or oxy-linked arylene radicals having up to 12 carbon atoms, and R 1 represents hydrogen, phenyl or one or more alkyl radicals such that the total carbon atoms of R 1 is less than 1/2 of the carbon atoms of the chain containing the oxirane groups.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
62 words
Diglycidyl ethers of polyalkylene glycols having a general formula: ##EQU8## Where n is a positive integer of from 2 to 20, R represents alkylene radicals having from 2 to 4 carbon atoms, and R 1 represents hydrogen or alkyl radicals having from 1 to 2 carbon atoms with the total of R and R 1 not being greater than 4 carbon atoms.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
62 words
Diglycidyl ethers of polyalkylene glycols having a general formula: ##EQU8## Where n is a positive integer of from 2 to 20, R represents alkylene radicals having from 2 to 4 carbon atoms, and R 1 represents hydrogen or alkyl radicals having from 1 to 2 carbon atoms with the total of R and R 1 not being greater than 4 carbon atoms.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
41 words
N,N - bis (2,3 - epoxypropyl) methylamine; N,N - bis (2,3 - epoxypropyl) butylmethylammonium iodide; 1,4 - butylene-bis [N - (2,3 - epoxypropyl) - N,N - dimethylammonium iodide] and diglycidyl amines and amine salts having the general formula: ##EQU9## or ##EQU10##
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
41 words
N,N - bis (2,3 - epoxypropyl) methylamine; N,N - bis (2,3 - epoxypropyl) butylmethylammonium iodide; 1,4 - butylene-bis [N - (2,3 - epoxypropyl) - N,N - dimethylammonium iodide] and diglycidyl amines and amine salts having the general formula: ##EQU9## or ##EQU10##
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
51 words
Where "m" is a positive integer of from 2 to 5, "n" is a positive integer from 0 to 5, R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 represent alkyl radicals having from 1 to 2 carbon atoms, and X represents bromide, iodide, arenesulfonate, or acetate ions.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
51 words
Where "m" is a positive integer of from 2 to 5, "n" is a positive integer from 0 to 5, R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 represent alkyl radicals having from 1 to 2 carbon atoms, and X represents bromide, iodide, arenesulfonate, or acetate ions.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
70 words
A process according to claim 5 wherein the lignin solution is a solution containing from 30 to 40% lignin and is reacted at a temperature in the range of 75°C to reflux temperature at atmospheric pressure with the di-epoxide at a pH in the range of 9 to 11 to the extent that the phenolic hydroxyl content of the lignin is reduced by an amount of from 50 to 75%.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
13 words
A process according to claim 6 wherein the lignin is a lignosulfonate solution.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
28 words
A process according to claim 7 wherein the di-epoxide has a molecular weight in the range of 250 to 800 and is a diglycidyl ether of a polyol.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
17 words
A process according to claim 8 wherein the di-epoxide is a diglycidyl ether of a polyalkylene glycol.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
16 words
A process according to claim 9 wherein the di-epoxide is a diglycidyl ether of polyethylene glycol.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
23 words
A process according to claim 6 wherein the lignin is an alkali lignin and the di-epoxide is a diglycidyl ether of polyethylene glycol.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1979-01-26 | 1979-07-28 | 1980-01-27 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1983-01-26 | 1983-07-28 | 1984-01-27 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1987-01-26 | 1987-07-28 | 1988-01-27 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |