Patent US3887671A successfully refreshed from Google Patents.
US3887671A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Process for producing granular, expanded ceramic materials
Assignee: Individual
•
Filing: 1972-03-01
•
Granted: 1975-06-03
•
Expires: 1992-03-01
Abstract
Abstract A process for manufacturing granular expanded ceramic materials comprising forming a prime material consisting of at least 25% of gas forming mineral substances, and the balance of mineral substances with a SiO2 content exceeding 65% after grinding, mixing and homogenising into pellets by the addition of water, completely surrounding said pellets whilst in the moist condition by a layer of cement applied in a rolling or tumbling operation, drying and preheating said pellets in a drying kiln for a period of about 20 minutes at temperatures up to approximately 700*C maximum, heating said pellets with a very quick rise in temperature in a firing kiln for a period of not less than 3-5 minutes up to 1000* to 1200*C, and finally slowly cooling down said pellets to below 550*C to form grains.
Inventors
- 👤 Emil Metzger
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-27 18:17
CPC Classifications
C; C04; C04B; C04B20/00; C04B20/02; C04B20/04; C04B20/06; C04B20/068; C04B33/00; C04B33/32; C04B33/34
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 14
Claim 1
Independent Claim
159 words
A process for manufacturing granular expanded ceramic materials comprising forming a prime material consisting of at least 25% of gas forming mineral substances, selected from the group consisting of distensible clay, argillite or a volcanic earth and the balance of mineral substances with a SiO2 content exceeding 65% after grinding, selected from the group consisting of sea sand and sandstone, mixing and homogenizing the material into pellets by the addition of water containing NaOH; completely surrounding said pellets, while in the moist condition, by a layer of cement applied in a rolling or tumbling operation, drying and preheating said pellets in a drying kiln for a period of about 20 minutes at temperatures up to approximately 700*C. maximum, heating said pellets with a very quick rise in temperature in a firing kiln for a period of not less than 3-5 minutes up to 1,000* to 1,200*C., and finally slowly cooling down said pellets to below 550*C. to form grains.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
159 words
A process for manufacturing granular expanded ceramic materials comprising forming a prime material consisting of at least 25% of gas forming mineral substances, selected from the group consisting of distensible clay, argillite or a volcanic earth and the balance of mineral substances with a SiO2 content exceeding 65% after grinding, selected from the group consisting of sea sand and sandstone, mixing and homogenizing the material into pellets by the addition of water containing NaOH; completely surrounding said pellets, while in the moist condition, by a layer of cement applied in a rolling or tumbling operation, drying and preheating said pellets in a drying kiln for a period of about 20 minutes at temperatures up to approximately 700*C. maximum, heating said pellets with a very quick rise in temperature in a firing kiln for a period of not less than 3-5 minutes up to 1,000* to 1,200*C., and finally slowly cooling down said pellets to below 550*C. to form grains.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
119 words
A PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING GRANULAR EXPANDED CERAMIC MATERIALS COMPRISING FORMING A PRIME MATERIAL CONSISTING OF AT LEAST 25% OF GAS FORMING MINERAL SUBSTANCES, SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF DISTENSIBLE CLAY, ARGILLITE OR A VOLCANIC EARTH AND THE BALANCE OF MINERAL SUBSTANCES WITH A SIO2 CONTENT EXCEEDING 65% AFTER GRINDING, SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF SEA SAND AND SANDSTONE, MIXING AND HOMOGENIZING THEMATERIAL INTO PELLETS BY THE ADDITION OF WATER CONTAINING NAOH; COMPLETELY SURROUNDING SAID PELLETS, WHILE IN THE MOIST CONDITION, BY A LAYER OF CEMENT APPLIED IN A ROLLING OR TUMBLING OPERATION, DRYING AND PREHEATING SAID PELLETS IN DRYING KILN FOR A PERIOD OF ABOUT 20 MINUTES AT TEMPERATURES UP TO APPROXIMATELY 700*C. MAXIMUM, HEATING SAID PELLETS
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
119 words
A PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING GRANULAR EXPANDED CERAMIC MATERIALS COMPRISING FORMING A PRIME MATERIAL CONSISTING OF AT LEAST 25% OF GAS FORMING MINERAL SUBSTANCES, SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF DISTENSIBLE CLAY, ARGILLITE OR A VOLCANIC EARTH AND THE BALANCE OF MINERAL SUBSTANCES WITH A SIO2 CONTENT EXCEEDING 65% AFTER GRINDING, SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF SEA SAND AND SANDSTONE, MIXING AND HOMOGENIZING THEMATERIAL INTO PELLETS BY THE ADDITION OF WATER CONTAINING NAOH; COMPLETELY SURROUNDING SAID PELLETS, WHILE IN THE MOIST CONDITION, BY A LAYER OF CEMENT APPLIED IN A ROLLING OR TUMBLING OPERATION, DRYING AND PREHEATING SAID PELLETS IN DRYING KILN FOR A PERIOD OF ABOUT 20 MINUTES AT TEMPERATURES UP TO APPROXIMATELY 700*C. MAXIMUM, HEATING SAID PELLETS
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
16 words
A process as claimed in claim 1, wherein said gas-forming prime material is a distensible clay.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
14 words
A process as claimed in claim 1, wherein said gas-forming prime material is argillite.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
17 words
A process as claimed in claim 1, wherein said gas-forming prime material is a volcanic earth material.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
14 words
A process as claimed in claim 4, wherein said volcanic earth material is pumice.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
15 words
A process as claimed in claim 1, wherein said silicate containing material is sea sand.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
14 words
A process as claimed in claim 1, wherein said silicate containing material is sandstone.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
30 words
A process as claimed in claim 1, wherein a burner is provided in said firing kiln and cement dust is blown in alongside said burner, parallel to a flame thereof.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
17 words
A process as claimed in claim 1, wherein a reducing atmosphere is maintained in said firing kiln.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
34 words
A process as claimed in claim 1, wherein said prime material is a naturally-occurring material, 25% of which consists of gas-forming substances and the remainder consists of substances with a SiO2 content exceeding 65%.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
25 words
A process as claimed in claim 1, wherein caustic sode (NaOH) in amounts of 1-3% is added to said water used for forming said pellets.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
US2015381A
Cited
US2569323A
Cited
US2786772A
Cited
US2990289A
Cited
US3436238A
Cited
US3544666A
Cited
US3444277A
Cited
US3673290A
Cited
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1978-06-02 | 1978-12-02 | 1979-06-03 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1982-06-02 | 1982-12-02 | 1983-06-03 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1986-06-02 | 1986-12-02 | 1987-06-03 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |