US3887671A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Process for producing granular, expanded ceramic materials
Assignee: Individual
•
Filing: 1972-03-01
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Granted: 1975-06-03
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Expires: 1992-03-01
Abstract
Abstract A process for manufacturing granular expanded ceramic materials comprising forming a prime material consisting of at least 25% of gas forming mineral substances, and the balance of mineral substances with a SiO2 content exceeding 65% after grinding, mixing and homogenising into pellets by the addition of water, completely surrounding said pellets whilst in the moist condition by a layer of cement applied in a rolling or tumbling operation, drying and preheating said pellets in a drying kiln for a period of about 20 minutes at temperatures up to approximately 700*C maximum, heating said pellets with a very quick rise in temperature in a firing kiln for a period of not less than 3-5 minutes up to 1000* to 1200*C, and finally slowly cooling down said pellets to below 550*C to form grains.
Inventors
- 👤 Emil Metzger
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-27 10:45
CPC Classifications
C; C04; C04B; C04B20/00; C04B20/02; C04B20/04; C04B20/06; C04B20/068; C04B33/00; C04B33/32; C04B33/34
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 14
Claim 1
Independent Claim
159 words
A process for manufacturing granular expanded ceramic materials comprising forming a prime material consisting of at least 25% of gas forming mineral substances, selected from the group consisting of distensible clay, argillite or a volcanic earth and the balance of mineral substances with a SiO2 content exceeding 65% after grinding, selected from the group consisting of sea sand and sandstone, mixing and homogenizing the material into pellets by the addition of water containing NaOH; completely surrounding said pellets, while in the moist condition, by a layer of cement applied in a rolling or tumbling operation, drying and preheating said pellets in a drying kiln for a period of about 20 minutes at temperatures up to approximately 700*C. maximum, heating said pellets with a very quick rise in temperature in a firing kiln for a period of not less than 3-5 minutes up to 1,000* to 1,200*C., and finally slowly cooling down said pellets to below 550*C. to form grains.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
159 words
A process for manufacturing granular expanded ceramic materials comprising forming a prime material consisting of at least 25% of gas forming mineral substances, selected from the group consisting of distensible clay, argillite or a volcanic earth and the balance of mineral substances with a SiO2 content exceeding 65% after grinding, selected from the group consisting of sea sand and sandstone, mixing and homogenizing the material into pellets by the addition of water containing NaOH; completely surrounding said pellets, while in the moist condition, by a layer of cement applied in a rolling or tumbling operation, drying and preheating said pellets in a drying kiln for a period of about 20 minutes at temperatures up to approximately 700*C. maximum, heating said pellets with a very quick rise in temperature in a firing kiln for a period of not less than 3-5 minutes up to 1,000* to 1,200*C., and finally slowly cooling down said pellets to below 550*C. to form grains.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
119 words
A PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING GRANULAR EXPANDED CERAMIC MATERIALS COMPRISING FORMING A PRIME MATERIAL CONSISTING OF AT LEAST 25% OF GAS FORMING MINERAL SUBSTANCES, SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF DISTENSIBLE CLAY, ARGILLITE OR A VOLCANIC EARTH AND THE BALANCE OF MINERAL SUBSTANCES WITH A SIO2 CONTENT EXCEEDING 65% AFTER GRINDING, SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF SEA SAND AND SANDSTONE, MIXING AND HOMOGENIZING THEMATERIAL INTO PELLETS BY THE ADDITION OF WATER CONTAINING NAOH; COMPLETELY SURROUNDING SAID PELLETS, WHILE IN THE MOIST CONDITION, BY A LAYER OF CEMENT APPLIED IN A ROLLING OR TUMBLING OPERATION, DRYING AND PREHEATING SAID PELLETS IN DRYING KILN FOR A PERIOD OF ABOUT 20 MINUTES AT TEMPERATURES UP TO APPROXIMATELY 700*C. MAXIMUM, HEATING SAID PELLETS
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
119 words
A PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING GRANULAR EXPANDED CERAMIC MATERIALS COMPRISING FORMING A PRIME MATERIAL CONSISTING OF AT LEAST 25% OF GAS FORMING MINERAL SUBSTANCES, SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF DISTENSIBLE CLAY, ARGILLITE OR A VOLCANIC EARTH AND THE BALANCE OF MINERAL SUBSTANCES WITH A SIO2 CONTENT EXCEEDING 65% AFTER GRINDING, SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF SEA SAND AND SANDSTONE, MIXING AND HOMOGENIZING THEMATERIAL INTO PELLETS BY THE ADDITION OF WATER CONTAINING NAOH; COMPLETELY SURROUNDING SAID PELLETS, WHILE IN THE MOIST CONDITION, BY A LAYER OF CEMENT APPLIED IN A ROLLING OR TUMBLING OPERATION, DRYING AND PREHEATING SAID PELLETS IN DRYING KILN FOR A PERIOD OF ABOUT 20 MINUTES AT TEMPERATURES UP TO APPROXIMATELY 700*C. MAXIMUM, HEATING SAID PELLETS
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
16 words
A process as claimed in claim 1, wherein said gas-forming prime material is a distensible clay.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
14 words
A process as claimed in claim 1, wherein said gas-forming prime material is argillite.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
17 words
A process as claimed in claim 1, wherein said gas-forming prime material is a volcanic earth material.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
14 words
A process as claimed in claim 4, wherein said volcanic earth material is pumice.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
15 words
A process as claimed in claim 1, wherein said silicate containing material is sea sand.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
14 words
A process as claimed in claim 1, wherein said silicate containing material is sandstone.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
30 words
A process as claimed in claim 1, wherein a burner is provided in said firing kiln and cement dust is blown in alongside said burner, parallel to a flame thereof.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
17 words
A process as claimed in claim 1, wherein a reducing atmosphere is maintained in said firing kiln.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
34 words
A process as claimed in claim 1, wherein said prime material is a naturally-occurring material, 25% of which consists of gas-forming substances and the remainder consists of substances with a SiO2 content exceeding 65%.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
25 words
A process as claimed in claim 1, wherein caustic sode (NaOH) in amounts of 1-3% is added to said water used for forming said pellets.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1978-06-02 | 1978-12-02 | 1979-06-03 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1982-06-02 | 1982-12-02 | 1983-06-03 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1986-06-02 | 1986-12-02 | 1987-06-03 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |