Patent US7230176B2 successfully refreshed from Google Patents.
US7230176B2
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Method and apparatus to modify pitch estimation function in acoustic signal musical note pitch extraction
Assignee: Nokia Inc
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Filing: 2004-09-24
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Granted: 2007-06-12
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Expires: 2024-09-24
Abstract
Abstract In one aspect thereof this invention provides a method to estimate pitch in an acoustic signal. The method includes initializing a function ƒ t and a time t, where t=0, x′ 0 =ƒ 0 (F 0 ), x′ 0 is a pitch estimate at time zero and F 0 is a frequency of the acoustic signal at time zero; determining at least one pitch estimate using the function x′ t =ƒ t (F t ) by an iterative process of creating ƒ t+1 (F t+1 ) based at least partly on pitch estimates x′ t , x′ t−1 , x′ t−2, x′ t−3 , . . . , and functions ƒ t (F t ), ƒ t−1 (F t−1 ), ƒ t−2 (F t−2 ), ƒ t−3 (F t−3 ) . . . and incrementing t; and calculating at least one final pitch estimate. Embodiments of this invention can be applied to pitch extraction with various different input acoustic signal characteristics, such as just intonation, pitch shift in the frequency domain, and non-12-step-equal-temperament tuning.
Inventors
- 👤 Timo Antero Kosonen
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-09 12:34
CPC Classifications
G; G10; G10H; G10H1/00; G10H1/0008; G10H2210/00; G10H2210/031; G10H2210/066; G10H2210/086; G10H2230/00; G10H2230/005; G10H2230/015; G10H2230/021; G10H2250/00; G10H2250/131; G10H2250/161
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 33
Claim 1
Independent Claim
159 words
A method comprising: initializing a function f t and a time t, where t=0, x′ 0 =f 0 (F 0 ), x′ 0 is a pitch estimate at time zero and F 0 is a frequency of an acoustic signal at time zero; and determining at least one pitch estimate using the function x′ t =f t (F t ) by an iterative process of creating f t+1 (F t+1 ) based at least partly on pitch estimates x′ t , x′ t−1 , x′ t−2 , x t−3 , . . . , and functions f t (F t ), f t−1 (F t−1 ), f t−2 (F t−2 ), f t−3 (F t−3 ) . . . and incrementing t; calculating at least one final pitch estimate; and at least one of outputting to an input acoustic transducer, or storing in a memory, the acoustic signal processed in accordance with the at least one final pitch estimate.
Claim 2
Independent Claim
159 words
A method comprising: initializing a function f t and a time t, where t=0, x′ 0 =f 0 (F 0 ), x′ 0 is a pitch estimate at time zero and F 0 is a frequency of an acoustic signal at time zero; and determining at least one pitch estimate using the function x′ t =f t (F t ) by an iterative process of creating f t+1 (F t+1 ) based at least partly on pitch estimates x′ t , x′ t−1 , x′ t−2 , x t−3 , . . . , and functions f t (F t ), f t−1 (F t−1 ), f t−2 (F t−2 ), f t−3 (F t−3 ) . . . and incrementing t; calculating at least one final pitch estimate; and at least one of outputting to an input acoustic transducer, or storing in a memory, the acoustic signal processed in accordance with the at least one final pitch estimate.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
50 words
A method as in claim 1 , where x′ t =f(F t ) is represented by x′ t =m+s*log 2 (F t /F b ), where m is an integer greater than zero, where s defines a number of steps in an octave, and F b is a reference frequency.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
50 words
A method as in claim 2 , and for a case of just intonation, the method further comprising setting s=12, m=a MIDI number of a root note in the key, F b =440×2 ((m−69)/12) Hz, and mapping the ratio F t /F b to an adjusted ratio R t .
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
153 words
A method as in claim 3 , where mapping comprises using a table comprising: F t /F b R t . . . . . . 2 (−1) × 9/5 2 (−2)/12 2 (−1) × 15/8 2 (−1)/12 2 0 × 1 2 0/12 2 0 × 16/15 2 1/12 2 0 × 9/8 2 2/12 2 0 × 6/5 2 3/12 2 0 × 5/4 2 4/12 2 0 × 4/3 2 5/12 2 0 × 45/32 2 6/12 2 0 × 3/2 2 7/12 2 0 × 8/5 2 8/12 2 0 × 5/3 2 9/12 2 0 × 9/5 2 10/12 2 0 × 15/8 2 11/12 2 1 × 1 2 12/12 2 1 × 16/15 2 13/12 2 1 × 9/8 2 14/12 2 1 × 6/5 2 15/12 2 1 × 5/4 2 16/12 2 1 × 4/3 2 17/12 . . . . . . .
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
204 words
A method as in claim 2 , further comprising, subsequent to calculating multiple final pitch estimates x t,i of a first note: setting m=x t where x t depends on all x t,i and modifying F b to be a corresponding frequency; continuing the iterative process; and mapping the ratio F t /F b to an adjusted ratio R t for each note according to: F t /F b R t . . . . . . 2 (−1) × 9/5 2 (−2)/12 2 (−1) × 15/8 2 (−1)/12 2 0 × 1 2 0/12 2 0 × 16/15 2 1/12 2 0 × 9/8 2 2/12 2 0 × 6/5 2 3/12 2 0 × 5/4 2 4/12 2 0 × 4/3 2 5/12 2 0 × 45/32 2 6/12 2 0 × 3/2 2 7/12 2 0 × 8/5 2 8/12 2 0 × 5/3 2 9/12 2 0 × 9/5 2 10/12 2 0 × 15/8 2 11/12 2 1 × 1 2 12/12 2 1 × 16/15 2 13/12 2 1 × 9/8 2 14/12 2 1 × 6/5 2 15/12 2 1 × 5/4 2 16/12 2 1 × 4/3 2 17/12 . . . . . . .
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
25 words
A method as in claim 5 , where during the iterative process initial pitch estimates are computed as x′ t =m+s*log 2 (R t ).
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
72 words
A method as in claim 1 , where x′ t =m+s*log 2 (R t ), where m is an integer greater than 0, where s=12 and R t =(F t +(delta))/F b to accommodate a shift in pitch, where delta is defined as a constant error, where s defines a number of steps in one octave, and where R t is a ratio that depends on F b and F t .
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
75 words
A method as in claim 1 , where x′ t =m+s*log 2 (F t /F b ), where s=(alpha)*12, where the value of (alpha) defines by how much a musical scale is contracted or expanded, where m is an integer greater than zero, where F b is a reference frequency and where values of m and F b are selected to be from a range of pitch frequencies that are known to be in tune.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
41 words
A method as in claim 1 , where x′ t =s*log 2 (R t ), where R t is a ratio that depends on F t and F b , and where s defines a number of steps in one octave.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
20 words
A method as in claim 9 , where R t =F t /F b for a case of equal tuning.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
24 words
A method as in claim 9 , where R t represents a mapping of F t /F b for a case of non-equal tuning.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
45 words
A computer-readable storage medium as in claim 3 , the method further comprising setting s=12, m=a MIDI number of a root note in the key, F b =440×2 ((m−69)/12) Hz, and mapping the ratio F t /F b to an adjusted ratio R t .
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
155 words
A computer-readable storage medium as in claim 12 , where mapping comprises using a table comprising: F t /F b R t . . . . . . 2 (−1) × 9/5 2 (−2)/12 2 (−1) × 15/8 2 (−1)/12 2 0 × 1 2 0/12 2 0 × 16/15 2 1/12 2 0 × 9/8 2 2/12 2 0 × 6/5 2 3/12 2 0 × 5/4 2 4/12 2 0 × 4/3 2 5/12 2 0 × 45/32 2 6/12 2 0 × 3/2 2 7/12 2 0 × 8/5 2 8/12 2 0 × 5/3 2 9/12 2 0 × 9/5 2 10/12 2 0 × 15/8 2 11/12 2 1 × 1 2 12/12 2 1 × 16/15 2 13/12 2 1 × 9/8 2 14/12 2 1 × 6/5 2 15/12 2 1 × 5/4 2 16/12 2 1 × 4/3 2 17/12 . . . . . . .
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
172 words
A computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program for causing the computer to perform operations that comprise: initializing a function f t and a time t, where t=0, x′ 0 =f 0 (F 0 ), x′ 0 is a pitch estimate at time zero and F 0 is a frequency of the acoustic signal at time zero; determining at least one pitch estimate using the function x′ t =f t (F t ) by an iterative process of creating f t+1 (F t+1 ) based at least partly on pitch estimates x′ t , x′ t−1 , x t−2 , x t−3 , . . . , and functions f t (F t ), f t−1 (F t−1 ), f t−2 (F t−2 ), f t−3 (F t−3 ) . . . and incrementing t; calculating at least one final pitch estimate; and at least one of outputting to an input acoustic transducer, or storing in a memory, the acoustic signal processed in accordance with the at least one final pitch estimate.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
172 words
A computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program for causing the computer to perform operations that comprise: initializing a function f t and a time t, where t=0, x′ 0 =f 0 (F 0 ), x′ 0 is a pitch estimate at time zero and F 0 is a frequency of the acoustic signal at time zero; determining at least one pitch estimate using the function x′ t =f t (F t ) by an iterative process of creating f t+1 (F t+1 ) based at least partly on pitch estimates x′ t , x′ t−1 , x t−2 , x t−3 , . . . , and functions f t (F t ), f t−1 (F t−1 ), f t−2 (F t−2 ), f t−3 (F t−3 ) . . . and incrementing t; calculating at least one final pitch estimate; and at least one of outputting to an input acoustic transducer, or storing in a memory, the acoustic signal processed in accordance with the at least one final pitch estimate.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
52 words
A computer-readable storage medium as in claim 14 , where x′ t =f(F t ) is represented by x′ t =m+s*log 2 (F t /F b ), where m is an integer greater than zero, where s defines a number of notes in an octave, and F b is a reference frequency.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
208 words
A computer-readable storage medium as in claim 15 , further comprising, subsequent to calculating multiple final pitch estimates x t,i of a first note: setting m=x t , where x t depends on all x t,i , and modifying F b to be a corresponding frequency; continuing the iterative process; and mapping the ratio F t /F b to an adjusted ratio R t for each note according to: F t /F b R t . . . . . . 2 (−1) × 9/5 2 (−2)/12 2 (−1) × 15/8 2 (−1)/12 2 0 × 1 2 0/12 2 0 × 16/15 2 1/12 2 0 × 9/8 2 2/12 2 0 × 6/5 2 3/12 2 0 × 5/4 2 4/12 2 0 × 4/3 2 5/12 2 0 × 45/32 2 6/12 2 0 × 3/2 2 7/12 2 0 × 8/5 2 8/12 2 0 × 5/3 2 9/12 2 0 × 9/5 2 10/12 2 0 × 15/8 2 11/12 2 1 × 1 2 12/12 2 1 × 16/15 2 13/12 2 1 × 9/8 2 14/12 2 1 × 6/5 2 15/12 2 1 × 5/4 2 16/12 2 1 × 4/3 2 17/12 . . . . . . .
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
27 words
A computer-readable storage medium as in claim 16 , where during the iterative process initial pitch estimates are computed as x′ t =m+s*log 2 (R t ).
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
74 words
A computer-readable storage medium as in claim 14 , where x′ t =m+s*log 2 (R t ), where s=12 and R t =(F t +(delta))/F b to accommodate a shift in pitch, where delta is defined as a constant error, where s defines a number of steps in one octave, where R t is a ratio that depends on F b and F t , and where m is an integer greater than zero.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
77 words
A computer-readable storage medium as in claim 14 , where x′ t =m+s*log 2 (F t /F b ), where s=(alpha)*12, where the value of (alpha) defines by how much a musical scale is contracted or expanded, where m is an integer greater than zero where F b is a reference frequency and where values of m and F b are selected to be from a range of pitch frequencies that are known to be in tune.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
43 words
A computer-readable storage medium as in claim 14 , where x′ t =s*log 2 (R t ), where R t is a ratio that depends on F t and F b , and where s defines a number of steps in one octave.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
22 words
A computer-readable storage medium as in claim 20 , where R t =F t /F b for a case of equal tuning.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
29 words
A computer-readable storage medium as in claim 20 , where R t =is set equal to a mapping of F t /F b for a case of non-equal tuning.
Claim 25
Independent Claim
226 words
A system comprising: an input to receive data representing an acoustic signal; and a processor to process the received data to estimate a pitch of the acoustic signal, where said processor comprises: means for initializing a function f t , and a time t, where t=0, x′ 0 =f 0 (F 0 ), x′ 0 is a pitch estimate at time zero and F 0 is a frequency of the acoustic signal at time zero; means for determining at least one pitch estimate using the function x′ t =f t (F t ) by an iterative process of creating f t+1 (F t+1 ) based at least partly on pitch estimates x′ t , x′ t−1 , x′ t−2 , x′ t−3 , . . . , and functions f t (F t ), f t−1 (F t−1 ), f t−2 (F t−2 ), f t−3 (F t−3 ) . . . and incrementing t; and means for determining at least one final pitch estimate (x t ); wherein the system further comprises at least one of: an output acoustic transducer coupled to the processor to output the acoustic signal processed in accordance with the at least one final pitch estimate; and at least one memory coupled to the processor for storing the acoustic signal processed in accordance with the at least one final pitch estimate.
Claim 26
Independent Claim
226 words
A system comprising: an input to receive data representing an acoustic signal; and a processor to process the received data to estimate a pitch of the acoustic signal, where said processor comprises: means for initializing a function f t , and a time t, where t=0, x′ 0 =f 0 (F 0 ), x′ 0 is a pitch estimate at time zero and F 0 is a frequency of the acoustic signal at time zero; means for determining at least one pitch estimate using the function x′ t =f t (F t ) by an iterative process of creating f t+1 (F t+1 ) based at least partly on pitch estimates x′ t , x′ t−1 , x′ t−2 , x′ t−3 , . . . , and functions f t (F t ), f t−1 (F t−1 ), f t−2 (F t−2 ), f t−3 (F t−3 ) . . . and incrementing t; and means for determining at least one final pitch estimate (x t ); wherein the system further comprises at least one of: an output acoustic transducer coupled to the processor to output the acoustic signal processed in accordance with the at least one final pitch estimate; and at least one memory coupled to the processor for storing the acoustic signal processed in accordance with the at least one final pitch estimate.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
20 words
A system as in claim 23 , where the input to receive data is coupled to a data communications network.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
37 words
A system as in claim 23 , where the input to receive data comprises an input acoustic transducer and an analog to digital conversion means for converting an acoustic signal to data that represents the acoustic signal.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
15 words
A system as in claim 23 , where the acoustic signal comprises a person's voice.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
29 words
A system as in claim 26 , where the system comprises a telephone, where the processor uses the at least one final pitch estimate for generating a ringing tone.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
40 words
A system as in claim 23 , where determining the final pitch estimate (x t ) determines a final pitch estimate of a single note from multiple pitch estimates (x t,i ) that have been determined for the same note.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
53 words
A system as in claim 28 , where at least for a case of a loss of a sense of key, the final pitch estimate, which depends on all x t,i , is determined for a note before a recursion may continue for a next note with a slightly or clearly different key.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
31 words
A system as in claim 28 , where determining final pitch estimate comprises a shifting operation that adds a histogram mass center c t to a result of the pitch estimation.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 2010-06-11 | 2010-12-11 | 2011-06-12 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 2014-06-11 | 2014-12-11 | 2015-06-12 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2018-06-11 | 2018-12-11 | 2019-06-12 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |