US6775329B2 — Transmitter diversity technique for wireless comm…

Claim 1

Independent Claim 96 words

A system for wireless communication, comprising: a transmitter for transmitting signals and comprising a coder that causes diversity, wherein the signals comprise blocks of symbols, the transmitter comprising at least two transmit antennas, and wherein diversity includes space diversity and one type of diversity chosen from a group comprising time diversity and frequency diversity, and wherein at least some blocks of symbols provided to a transmit antenna include negated and complex conjugated replications of transmitted symbols; and a receiver that receives diverse signals from the transmitter, wherein the receiver comprises a combiner that combines signals received.

Claim 2

Independent Claim 96 words

A system for wireless communication, comprising: a transmitter for transmitting signals and comprising a coder that causes diversity, wherein the signals comprise blocks of symbols, the transmitter comprising at least two transmit antennas, and wherein diversity includes space diversity and one type of diversity chosen from a group comprising time diversity and frequency diversity, and wherein at least some blocks of symbols provided to a transmit antenna include negated and complex conjugated replications of transmitted symbols; and a receiver that receives diverse signals from the transmitter, wherein the receiver comprises a combiner that combines signals received.

Claim 3

Dependent Claim 24 words

The system of claim 1 , wherein the receiver comprises a channel estimator developing estimates of transmit channel characteristics based on the received signals.

Claim 4

Dependent Claim 32 words

The system of claim 2 , wherein the receiver further comprises a maximum likelihood detector that receives the combined signals and recovers the transmitted signals based on a developed maximum likelihood decision.

Claim 5

Dependent Claim 34 words

The system of claim 3 , wherein: the combiner and the maximum likelihood detector receive the estimates of transmit channel characteristics from the channel estimator, and wherein the symbols are symbols carrying equal energy.

Claim 6

Dependent Claim 39 words

The system of claim 3 , wherein the maximum likelihood detector uses a channel transfer function estimated by the channel estimator to determine a distance for which a relationship between the transmitted signals and the estimated channel characteristics holds.

Claim 7

Dependent Claim 44 words

The system of claim 1 , wherein the receiver further comprises: more than one antenna configured to receive the diverse signals from the transmitter; and more than one channel estimator configured to receive the diverse signals from one of the more than one antennas.

Claim 8

Dependent Claim 85 words

A transmitter apparatus for wireless signal transmission, the transmitter receiving incoming signals, wherein the incoming signals are in blocks of symbols; wherein the transmitter comprises: a coder that encodes the incoming signals, wherein encoding includes negation and complex conjugation of selected symbols; and multiple antennas, for transmitting the encoded signals, wherein the multiple antennas create space diversity in the transmitted signals, and wherein the transmitter creates a further type of diversity in the transmitted signal chosen from a group comprising time diversity and frequency diversity.

Claim 9

Dependent Claim 85 words

A transmitter apparatus for wireless signal transmission, the transmitter receiving incoming signals, wherein the incoming signals are in blocks of symbols; wherein the transmitter comprises: a coder that encodes the incoming signals, wherein encoding includes negation and complex conjugation of selected symbols; and multiple antennas, for transmitting the encoded signals, wherein the multiple antennas create space diversity in the transmitted signals, and wherein the transmitter creates a further type of diversity in the transmitted signal chosen from a group comprising time diversity and frequency diversity.

Claim 10

Dependent Claim 23 words

The transmitter of claim 7 , wherein the incoming signals are in blocks of n symbols, and the multiple antennas comprise n antennas.

Claim 11

Dependent Claim 13 words

The transmitter of claim 7 , wherein the transmitted symbols have equal energy.

Claim 12

Dependent Claim 76 words

The transmitter of claim 7 , wherein the incoming signals are in blocks of n symbols, and the multiple antennas comprise n transmitting antenna means, and wherein encoding further includes encoding an incoming block of symbols s 0 and s 1 into a sequence of symbols s 0 and −s 1 *, and into a sequence of symbols s 1 and s 0 *, where s i * is the complex conjugate of s i .

Claim 13

Dependent Claim 111 words

The transmitter of claim 10 , wherein the multiple antennas comprise n transmitting antennas, and wherein in response to a sequence {s 0 ,s 1 ,s 2 ,s 3 ,s 4 * . . . } of incoming symbols the coder develops a sequence {s 0 ,−s 1 *,s 2 − ,s 3 *,s 4 − ,s 5 * . . . } that is applied to a first transmitting antenna, and a sequence {s 1 ,s 0 *,s 3 ,s 2 *,s 5 ,s 4 * . . . } that is applied to a second transmitting antenna, where s i * is the complex conjugate of s 1 .

Claim 14

Dependent Claim 98 words

A receiver for wireless communication, comprising: a combiner that combines signals representing estimates of transmit channel characteristics derived from received non-noise signals, wherein the received non-noise signals are space diverse and either time diverse or frequency diverse, and wherein the received non-noise signals comprise sequences of encoded symbols, and wherein encoding includes negating selected symbols and complex conjugating selected symbols; and a maximum likelihood detector that receives the combined signals and recovers a transmitted signal using a channel transfer function to determine a distance for which a relationship between the transmitted signal and the estimated channel characteristics holds.

Claim 15

Dependent Claim 98 words

A receiver for wireless communication, comprising: a combiner that combines signals representing estimates of transmit channel characteristics derived from received non-noise signals, wherein the received non-noise signals are space diverse and either time diverse or frequency diverse, and wherein the received non-noise signals comprise sequences of encoded symbols, and wherein encoding includes negating selected symbols and complex conjugating selected symbols; and a maximum likelihood detector that receives the combined signals and recovers a transmitted signal using a channel transfer function to determine a distance for which a relationship between the transmitted signal and the estimated channel characteristics holds.

Claim 16

Dependent Claim 56 words

The receiver of claim 12 , further comprising: at least one receiving antenna, wherein the at least one receiving antenna receives signals from each one of multiple transmitting antennas; and at least one channel estimator that generates the estimates of transmit channel characteristics and forwards the estimates to the combiner and to the maximum likelihood detector.

Claim 17

Dependent Claim 61 words

The receiver of claim 13 , wherein the sequences of encoded symbols comprise a block of symbols s 0 and s 1 that have been encoded into a sequence of symbols s 0 and −s 1 *, and into a sequence of symbols s 1 and s 0 *, where s i * is the complex conjugate of s 1 .

Claim 18

Dependent Claim 102 words

The receiver of claim 12 , wherein, the sequences of encoded symbols are received from more than one transmitting antenna, including a first transmitting antenna and a second transmitting antenna, and wherein an encoded sequence {s 0 ,−s 1 *,s 2 − ,s 3 *,s 4 − , s 5 * . . . } is applied to the first transmitting antenna, and an encoded sequence {s 1 ,s 0 *,s 3 ,s 2 *,s 5 ,s 4 * . . . } is applied to the second transmitting antenna, where s i * is the complex conjugate of s i .

Claim 19

Dependent Claim 58 words

The receiver of claim 12 , wherein the sequences of encoded symbols are received from more than one transmitting antenna, and wherein the more than one transmitting antenna includes K transmitting antennas to effect K distinct channels, wherein n*m symbols are distributed to the K antennas over L time intervals, where K=m and L=n or K=n and L=m.

Claim 20

Dependent Claim 57 words

The receiver of claim 12 , wherein the sequences of encoded symbols are received from more than one transmitting antenna, and wherein the more than one transmitting antenna includes K transmitting antennas to effect K distinct channels, wherein n*m symbols are distributed to the K antennas over L frequencies, where K=m and L=n, or K=n and L=m.

Claim 21

Dependent Claim 12 words

The receiver of claim 12 , wherein the symbols have equal energy.

Claim 22

Dependent Claim 141 words

An electronic circuit for coding communication signals, comprising: coder circuitry that in response to receiving an incoming block of symbols s 0 , s 1 encodes the signals into transmission sequences, including a first transmission sequence and a second transmission sequence; wherein the first transmission sequence comprises symbols s 0 and −s 1 *, and second transmission sequence comprises symbols s 1 and s 0 *, where s i * is the complex conjugate of s i ; and wherein the transmission sequences are routed to be forwarded to at least two transmitting antenna inputs to create space diversity, including a first transmitting antenna routing path and a second transmitting antenna routing path, wherein the first transmission sequence is applied to the first transmitting antenna routing path, and the second transmission sequence is applied to the second transmitting antenna routing path.

Claim 23

Dependent Claim 141 words

An electronic circuit for coding communication signals, comprising: coder circuitry that in response to receiving an incoming block of symbols s 0 , s 1 encodes the signals into transmission sequences, including a first transmission sequence and a second transmission sequence; wherein the first transmission sequence comprises symbols s 0 and −s 1 *, and second transmission sequence comprises symbols s 1 and s 0 *, where s i * is the complex conjugate of s i ; and wherein the transmission sequences are routed to be forwarded to at least two transmitting antenna inputs to create space diversity, including a first transmitting antenna routing path and a second transmitting antenna routing path, wherein the first transmission sequence is applied to the first transmitting antenna routing path, and the second transmission sequence is applied to the second transmitting antenna routing path.

Claim 24

Dependent Claim 29 words

The electronic circuit of claim 19 , wherein the incoming block of symbols includes n symbols, and the at least two transmitting antenna inputs comprise n transmitting antenna inputs.

Claim 25

Dependent Claim 49 words

The electronic circuit of claim 19 , wherein the at least two transmitting antenna inputs include K transmitting antenna inputs to effect K distinct channels, wherein n times m symbols are to be distributed to K antennas over L time intervals, where K=m and L=n, or K=n and L=m.

Claim 26

Dependent Claim 48 words

The electronic circuit of claim 19 , wherein the at least two transmitting antenna inputs include K transmitting antenna inputs to effect K distinct channels, wherein n times m symbols are to be distributed to K antennas over L frequencies, where K=m and L=n, or K=n and L=m.

Claim 27

Dependent Claim 17 words

The electronic circuit of claim 19 , wherein the blocks of symbols comprise symbols of equal energy.

Claim 28

Dependent Claim 101 words

An electronic circuit for decoding wireless communication signals, comprising: a combiner that receives an incoming signal stream representing blocks of encoded symbols, wherein the blocks of symbols have been transmitted by a plurality of spatially diverse antennas, wherein the combiner is configured to combine the received encoded symbols, and wherein the received encoded symbols include negating selected symbols and conjugating selected symbols, and a maximum likelihood detector that receives the combined encoded symbols and recovers a transmitted signal using a channel transfer function to determine a distance for which a relationship between the transmitted signal and an estimated channel characteristics holds.

Claim 29

Dependent Claim 101 words

An electronic circuit for decoding wireless communication signals, comprising: a combiner that receives an incoming signal stream representing blocks of encoded symbols, wherein the blocks of symbols have been transmitted by a plurality of spatially diverse antennas, wherein the combiner is configured to combine the received encoded symbols, and wherein the received encoded symbols include negating selected symbols and conjugating selected symbols, and a maximum likelihood detector that receives the combined encoded symbols and recovers a transmitted signal using a channel transfer function to determine a distance for which a relationship between the transmitted signal and an estimated channel characteristics holds.

Claim 30

Dependent Claim 34 words

The electronic circuit of claim 24 , further comprising: at least one channel estimator that generates estimates of transmit channel characteristics and forwards the estimates to the combiner and to the maximum likelihood detector.

Claim 31

Dependent Claim 59 words

The electronic circuit of claim 25 , wherein the encoded signals comprise block of symbols s 0 and s 1 that have been encoded into a sequence of symbols s 0 and −s 1 *, and into a sequence of symbols s 1 and s 0 *, where s i * is the complex conjugate of s 1 .

Claim 32

Dependent Claim 14 words

The electronic circuit of claim 26 wherein the combiner combines 2×2 blocks of symbols.

Claim 33

Dependent Claim 60 words

The electronic circuit of claim 24 , further comprising a channel estimator that produces a plurality of channel estimates h n , where each channel estimate corresponds to a channel associated with one of the plurality of spatially diverse antennas, and wherein the maximum likelihood detector determines values based in part on the plurality of channel estimates h n .

Claim 34

Dependent Claim 61 words

The electronic circuit of claim 24 wherein the maximum likelihood detector receives from the combiner signals that represent complex values corresponding to symbols transmitted by the plurality of spatially diverse antennas, generates likely values for the transmitted symbols and determines a maximum likely value of the transmitted symbols based on a minimum distance between the likely values and the received signals.

Claim 35

Independent Claim 118 words

A method of receiving signals, comprising: combining at least two non-noise signals received by an antenna to develop sets of information symbol estimates, wherein the combining is responsive to channel estimates developed for at least two concurrent space diverse paths over which the at least two non-noise signals arrive at the antenna, and wherein the combining develops the sets of information symbol estimates by combining the non-noise signals received by the antenna with the channel estimates via operations that involve multiplications, negations, and conjugations; and developing maximum likelihood decisions regarding information symbols encoded into channel symbols and embedded in the non-noise signals received by the antenna, wherein the developing is responsive to the sets of information symbol estimates.

Claim 36

Independent Claim 118 words

A method of receiving signals, comprising: combining at least two non-noise signals received by an antenna to develop sets of information symbol estimates, wherein the combining is responsive to channel estimates developed for at least two concurrent space diverse paths over which the at least two non-noise signals arrive at the antenna, and wherein the combining develops the sets of information symbol estimates by combining the non-noise signals received by the antenna with the channel estimates via operations that involve multiplications, negations, and conjugations; and developing maximum likelihood decisions regarding information symbols encoded into channel symbols and embedded in the non-noise signals received by the antenna, wherein the developing is responsive to the sets of information symbol estimates.

Claim 37

Dependent Claim 19 words

The method of claim 30 further comprising developing the channel estimates responsive to the signals received by the antenna.

Claim 38

Dependent Claim 26 words

The method of claim 31 wherein developing the channel estimates includes developing the channel estimates when the signals received by the antenna contain a known sequence.

Claim 39

Dependent Claim 18 words

The method of claim 30 further comprising estimating the channel estimates responsive to the sets of information symbols.

Claim 40

Dependent Claim 22 words

The method of claim 30 further comprising estimating and developing the channel estimates responsive to output signals from the step of developing.

Claim 41

Dependent Claim 100 words

A receiver comprising: a combiner responsive to non-noise signals received by an antenna from space-diverse paths and to detected information symbols, for developing sets of information symbol estimates, where the combiner develops the sets of information symbol estimates by combining the non-noise signals received by the antenna with the detected information symbols with operations that involve multiplications, negations, and conjugations; and a detector responsive to the sets of information symbol estimates that employs maximum likelihood decisions regarding information symbols encoded into channel symbols and embedded in the non-noise signals received by the antenna, to develop thereby the detected information symbols.

Claim 42

Dependent Claim 100 words

A receiver comprising: a combiner responsive to non-noise signals received by an antenna from space-diverse paths and to detected information symbols, for developing sets of information symbol estimates, where the combiner develops the sets of information symbol estimates by combining the non-noise signals received by the antenna with the detected information symbols with operations that involve multiplications, negations, and conjugations; and a detector responsive to the sets of information symbol estimates that employs maximum likelihood decisions regarding information symbols encoded into channel symbols and embedded in the non-noise signals received by the antenna, to develop thereby the detected information symbols.

Claim 43

Dependent Claim 38 words

The receiver of claim 35 where the combiner develops a set of n information symbols from n times m received channel symbols, where m is the number of concurrent paths for which the channel estimator develops channel estimates.

Claim 44

Dependent Claim 144 words

A receiver comprising: a first channel estimator responsive to a first antenna, for developing two space-diverse channel estimates; a second channel estimator responsive to a second antenna, for developing two space-diverse channel estimates; a combiner responsive to non-noise signals received by a first antenna and a second antenna and to channel estimates developed by the first and the second channel estimators, for developing sets of information symbol estimates, where the combiner develops the sets of information symbol estimates by combining the non-noise signals received by the antenna with the channel estimates obtained from the first and the second channel estimators, with operations that involve multiplications, negations, and conjugations; and a detector responsive to the sets of information symbol estimates that develops maximum likelihood decisions regarding information symbols encoded into channel symbols and embedded in the non-noise signals received by the first and second antennas.

Claim 45

Dependent Claim 144 words

A receiver comprising: a first channel estimator responsive to a first antenna, for developing two space-diverse channel estimates; a second channel estimator responsive to a second antenna, for developing two space-diverse channel estimates; a combiner responsive to non-noise signals received by a first antenna and a second antenna and to channel estimates developed by the first and the second channel estimators, for developing sets of information symbol estimates, where the combiner develops the sets of information symbol estimates by combining the non-noise signals received by the antenna with the channel estimates obtained from the first and the second channel estimators, with operations that involve multiplications, negations, and conjugations; and a detector responsive to the sets of information symbol estimates that develops maximum likelihood decisions regarding information symbols encoded into channel symbols and embedded in the non-noise signals received by the first and second antennas.

Annuity Stage	Window Opens	Payment Deadline	Surcharge Period Until	Estimated Fee	Status
3.5 Years (Year 4)	2007-08-10	2008-02-09	2008-08-10	$2000.00	Window Closed / Lapsed
7.5 Years (Year 8)	2011-08-10	2012-02-09	2012-08-10	$3760.00	Window Closed / Lapsed
11.5 Years (Year 12)	2015-08-10	2016-02-09	2016-08-10	$7700.00	Window Closed / Lapsed

Transmitter diversity technique for wireless communications

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