US6748549B1
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US
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Clocking an I/O buffer, having a selectable phase difference from the system clock, to and from a remote I/O buffer clocked in phase with the system clock
Assignee: Intel Corp
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Filing: 2000-06-26
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Granted: 2004-06-08
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Expires: 2020-06-26
Abstract
Abstract Input/output (I/O) clock phase adjustment circuitry for use with I/O buffer circuitry of an integrated circuit chip. In one embodiment, an integrated circuit chip includes a phase adjustment circuit coupled to receive a system clock. The phase adjustment circuit generates an I/O clock coupled to be received by an I/O buffer circuit of an integrated circuit chip for I/O data transfers in a system. The phase adjustment circuit includes a phase locked loop (PLL) circuit coupled to receive the system clock through a first delay circuit. The I/O clock generated by the PLL circuit is received through a second delay circuit at a feedback clock input of the PLL circuit. The first and second delay circuits are used to control the phase of the I/O clock generated by the PLL circuit relative to the system clock. In one embodiment, a third delay circuit is included in an I/O data path of the I/O buffer circuit of the integrated circuit. The third delay circuit enables input and output data transmissions from the integrated circuit to be clocked, in effect, out of phase with the I/O clock generated by phase adjustment circuit.
Inventors
- 👤 Chi-Yeu Chao
- 👤 Chee How Lim
- 👤 Keng L. Wong
- 👤 Songmin Kim
- 👤 Gregory F. Taylor
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-30 08:38
CPC Classifications
G; G01; G01R; G01R31/00; G01R31/28; G01R31/317; G01R31/3181; G01R31/319; G01R31/3193; G01R31/31937
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 33
Claim 1
Independent Claim
128 words
An apparatus, comprising: a phase adjustment circuit coupled to receive a system clock and phase control information, the phase adjustment circuit to generate a first input/output (I/O) clock having a selectable phase difference from the system clock, the phase adjustment circuit including a first delay circuit coupled to receive the system clock and coupled to delay the system clock in response to the phase control information; and an I/O buffer circuit clocked in response to the first I/O clock to latch I/O data of the apparatus, the I/O buffer circuit coupled to latch the I/O data to and from a remote I/O buffer circuit of a remote apparatus, the remote I/O buffer circuit clocked in response to a remote I/O clock substantially in phase with the system clock.
Claim 2
Independent Claim
128 words
An apparatus, comprising: a phase adjustment circuit coupled to receive a system clock and phase control information, the phase adjustment circuit to generate a first input/output (I/O) clock having a selectable phase difference from the system clock, the phase adjustment circuit including a first delay circuit coupled to receive the system clock and coupled to delay the system clock in response to the phase control information; and an I/O buffer circuit clocked in response to the first I/O clock to latch I/O data of the apparatus, the I/O buffer circuit coupled to latch the I/O data to and from a remote I/O buffer circuit of a remote apparatus, the remote I/O buffer circuit clocked in response to a remote I/O clock substantially in phase with the system clock.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
85 words
The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the phase adjustment circuit further comprises: a first phase locked loop circuit to generate the first I/O clock, the first delay circuit coupled to a reference clock input of the first phase locked loop circuit; and a second delay circuit coupled to a feedback clock input of the first phase locked loop circuit, the second delay circuit coupled to receive the first I/O clock and coupled to delay the first I/O clock in response to the phase control information.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
39 words
The apparatus of claim 2 wherein the phase control information comprises: a first delay control signal coupled to be received by the first delay circuit; and a second delay control signal coupled be received by the second delay circuit.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
61 words
The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the I/O buffer circuit includes a third delay circuit coupled in an I/O data path of the I/O buffer circuit, the third delay circuit coupled to receive a third delay control signal, the third delay circuit coupled to delay an I/O data of the I/O buffer circuit in response to the third delay control signal.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
37 words
The apparatus of claim 4 wherein the I/O data path comprises an output data path of the I/O buffer circuit including an output buffer and an output data latch clocked in response to the first I/O clock.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
37 words
The apparatus of claim 4 wherein the I/O data path comprises an input data path of the I/O buffer circuit including an input buffer and an input data latch clocked in response to the first I/O clock.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
163 words
The apparatus of claim 2 wherein at least the first I/O clock has a clock period of T, wherein at least one of the first and second delay circuits is included in a delayed lock loop (DLL) circuit, wherein at least one of the first and second delay circuits comprises: a first delay chain circuit coupled to receive a first signal, the first delay chain circuit including a chain of at least N outputs, each successive one of the chain N outputs coupled to output the first signal with an additional (1/N)×T delay relative to a neighboring upstream output of the chain of N outputs; a first selection circuit coupled to receive the chain of at least N outputs of the first delay chain circuit, the first selection circuit coupled to select at least one of the chain of at least N outputs in response to a delay control signal generate an output of said one of the first and second delay circuits.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
66 words
The apparatus of claim 7 wherein said one of the first and second delay circuits further comprises an interpolator circuit coupled to receive a pair of the at least N outputs of the first delay chain circuit from the first selection circuit, the interpolator circuit coupled to generate said output of said one of the first and second delay circuits responsive to the delay control signal.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
35 words
The apparatus of claim 7 wherein the DLL further comprises calibration circuitry coupled to receive the first signal and coupled to the first delay chain circuit and coupled to calibrate the first delay chain circuit.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
89 words
The apparatus of claim 9 wherein the calibration circuitry comprises: a phase detector coupled to receive the first signal and coupled to receive a delayed first signal from an Nth one of the chain of at least N outputs of the first delay chain circuit; an up/down counter coupled to an output of the phase detector; and a calibration controller coupled to receive a calibration control signal from the up/down counter and coupled to generate a calibration bias information coupled to be received by the first delay chain circuit.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
40 words
The apparatus of claim 7 wherein the first delay chain circuit comprises a chain of at least N variable resistor-capacitor (RC) circuits coupled in series to output the chain of at least N outputs of the first delay chain circuit.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
146 words
The apparatus of claim 4 wherein the third delay circuit comprises: a second delay chain circuit coupled to receive an input signal, the second delay chain circuit including a chain of a plurality of outputs, each successive one of the chain of the plurality of outputs coupled to output a delayed input signal with an additional incremental delay relative to a neighboring upstream output of the chain of the plurality outputs; a second selection circuit coupled to receive the chain of the plurality of outputs of the second delay chain circuit, the second selection circuit coupled to select at least one of the chain of the plurality of outputs in response to the third delay control signal, wherein a delayed output signal is generated in response to the selected at least one of the chain of the plurality of outputs of the second delay chain circuit.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
50 words
The apparatus of claim 12 further comprising a second interpolator circuit coupled to receive a pair of the plurality of outputs of the second delay chain circuit from the second selection circuit, the second interpolator circuit coupled to output the delayed output signal responsive to the third delay control signal.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
29 words
The apparatus of claim 12 wherein the second delay chain circuit is coupled to receive calibration bias information from a calibration circuit to calibrate the second delay chain circuit.
Claim 16
Independent Claim
131 words
A system, comprising: a clock driver circuit coupled to generate a system clock; a first chip including a first input/output (I/O) buffer circuit and a first phase locked loop circuit coupled receive the system clock and coupled to generate a first I/O clock coupled to clock the first I/O buffer circuit, the first I/O clock substantially in phase with the system clock; and a second chip including a second I/O buffer circuit coupled to the first I/O buffer circuit to transfer I/O data between the first and second chips, the second chip including a phase adjustment circuit coupled receive the system clock and coupled to generate a second I/O clock coupled to clock the second I/O buffer circuit, the second I/O clock having a selectable phase difference from the system clock.
Claim 17
Independent Claim
131 words
A system, comprising: a clock driver circuit coupled to generate a system clock; a first chip including a first input/output (I/O) buffer circuit and a first phase locked loop circuit coupled receive the system clock and coupled to generate a first I/O clock coupled to clock the first I/O buffer circuit, the first I/O clock substantially in phase with the system clock; and a second chip including a second I/O buffer circuit coupled to the first I/O buffer circuit to transfer I/O data between the first and second chips, the second chip including a phase adjustment circuit coupled receive the system clock and coupled to generate a second I/O clock coupled to clock the second I/O buffer circuit, the second I/O clock having a selectable phase difference from the system clock.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
58 words
The system of claim 15 wherein the second chip further includes a delay circuit in an I/O data path of the second I/O buffer circuit, the delay circuit coupled to receive a delay control signal, the delay circuit coupled to delay an I/O data transfer between the first and second chips in response to the delay control signal.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
34 words
The system of claim 16 wherein the delay circuit is responsive to a calibration controller responsive to a counter output to provide the delay of the I/O data transfer substantially independent of process-voltage-temperature variations.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
119 words
The system of claim 15 wherein the phase adjustment circuit comprises: a phase locked loop circuit coupled to generate second I/O clock; a forward delay circuit coupled to a reference clock input of the phase locked loop circuit and coupled to receive the system clock, the forward delay circuit coupled to delay the reference clock input from receiving the system clock in response to a forward delay control signal; and a feedback delay circuit coupled to a feedback clock input of the phase locked loop circuit and coupled to receive the second I/O clock, the feedback delay circuit coupled to delay the feedback clock input from receiving the second I/O clock in response to a feedback delay control signal.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
37 words
The system of claim 18 wherein both the forward and feedback delay circuits are responsive to a calibration controller responsive to a counter output to provide the delay of respective clock signals substantially independent of process-voltage-temperature variations.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
79 words
The system of claim 18 wherein at least one of the forward and feedback delay circuits is included in a delay locked loop (DLL) circuit having a counter coupled to an output of a phase detector, the phase detector coupled to detect a phase difference between an oscillating signal and a delayed oscillating signal, the delayed oscillating signal generated by a delay chain circuit coupled to delay the oscillating signal by at least one period of the oscillating signal.
Claim 23
Independent Claim
126 words
A method, comprising: generating a first input/output (I/O) clock in response to a system clock to clock a first I/O buffer of a first chip; adjusting a phase of the first I/O clock to be out of phase with the system clock; transmitting I/O data between the first I/O buffer of the first chip and a second I/O buffer of a second chip, the second I/O buffer clocked in response to a second I/O clock substantially in phase with the system clock; and adjusting a delay of an I/O data path of the first I/O buffer of the first chip such that the transmission of I/O data through the I/O data path of the first I/O buffer is out of phase with the first I/O clock.
Claim 24
Independent Claim
126 words
A method, comprising: generating a first input/output (I/O) clock in response to a system clock to clock a first I/O buffer of a first chip; adjusting a phase of the first I/O clock to be out of phase with the system clock; transmitting I/O data between the first I/O buffer of the first chip and a second I/O buffer of a second chip, the second I/O buffer clocked in response to a second I/O clock substantially in phase with the system clock; and adjusting a delay of an I/O data path of the first I/O buffer of the first chip such that the transmission of I/O data through the I/O data path of the first I/O buffer is out of phase with the first I/O clock.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
16 words
The method of claim 21 further comprising calibrating delay circuitry with respect to the system clock.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
60 words
The method of claim 22 wherein calibrating the delay circuitry comprises: delaying the system clock at least one half clock period with the delay circuitry; measuring a phase difference between the system clock and the delayed system clock; and adjusting the delay circuitry such that transitions of the delayed system clock are substantially aligned with transitions of the system clock.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
25 words
The method of claim 21 wherein the I/O data path of the first I/O buffer comprises an output data path of the first I/O buffer.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
25 words
The method of claim 21 wherein the I/O data path of the first I/O buffer comprises an input data path of the first I/O buffer.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
60 words
The method of claim 21 further comprising testing for an I/O timing defect in a system including the first and second chips by adjusting the phase of the first I/O clock to be out of phase with the system clock and transmitting the I/O data between the first and second I/O buffers until there is an I/O data transmission failure.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
53 words
The method of claim 21 further comprising overcoming an I/O timing defect in a system including the first and second chips by adjusting the phase of the first I/O clock to be out of phase with the system clock until there is a successful I/O data transmission between the first and second chips.
Claim 31
Independent Claim
140 words
An apparatus, comprising: means for generating a first input/output (I/O) clock in response to a system clock and phase control information, the first I/O clock out of phase from the system clock by a selectable phase difference, the means for generating the first I/O clock including; first phase locked loop means for generating the first I/O clock; and first delay means coupled to a reference clock input of the first phase locked loop means and coupled to receive the system clock, the first delay means for delaying the system clock in response to the phase control information; and means for latching I/O data clocked in response to the first I/O clock, the means for latching I/O data coupled to remote means for latching I/O data clocked in response to a second I/O clock substantially in phase with the system clock.
Claim 32
Independent Claim
140 words
An apparatus, comprising: means for generating a first input/output (I/O) clock in response to a system clock and phase control information, the first I/O clock out of phase from the system clock by a selectable phase difference, the means for generating the first I/O clock including; first phase locked loop means for generating the first I/O clock; and first delay means coupled to a reference clock input of the first phase locked loop means and coupled to receive the system clock, the first delay means for delaying the system clock in response to the phase control information; and means for latching I/O data clocked in response to the first I/O clock, the means for latching I/O data coupled to remote means for latching I/O data clocked in response to a second I/O clock substantially in phase with the system clock.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
57 words
The apparatus of claim 28 wherein the means for generating the first I/O clock further includes: second delay means coupled to a feedback clock input of the first phase locked loop means and coupled to receive the first I/O clock, the second delay means for delaying the first I/O clock in response to the phase control information.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 2007-06-08 | 2007-12-08 | 2008-06-08 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 2011-06-08 | 2011-12-08 | 2012-06-08 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2015-06-08 | 2015-12-08 | 2016-06-08 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |