US6558643B2
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Method for ammonia removal from waste streams
Assignee: Battelle Memorial Institute Inc
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Filing: 2000-12-29
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Granted: 2003-05-06
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Expires: 2020-12-29
Abstract
Abstract Methods for direct reduction of ammonia from waste streams by the steps of reacting an aqueous ammonia containing waste stream with a solution of a strong acid and a metal salt, wherein the cation in said metal salt of said solution is selected from the group consisting of Ag, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pd, Zn; and wherein an ammonium-double salt is formed with said metal salt in an ammonia depleted waste stream; and treating said depleted waste stream to crystallize an ammonium-metal double salt therefrom.
Inventors
- 👤 Scott J. Blonigen
- 👤 Alexander G. Fassbender
- 👤 Robert D. Litt
- 👤 Bruce F. Monzyk
- 👤 Richelle Neff
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-28 22:46
CPC Classifications
B; B01; B01D; B01D53/00; B01D53/02; B01D53/04; B01D53/0407; B01D53/0423; B01D53/06; B01D53/10; B01J; B01J20/00; B01J20/02; B01J20/06; B01J20/30; B01J20/34; B01J20/3433; B01J20/345; B01J20/3475; B01J45/00; B01J49/00; B01J49/50; B01J49/53; B01D2253/00; B01D2253/10; B01D2253/104; B01D2253/106; B01D2253/108; B01D2253/1085; B01D2253/20; B01D2253/202; B01D2253/206; B01D2257/00; B01D2257/40; B01D2257/406; B01D2259/00; B01D2259/40; B01D2259/40083; B01D2259/40088; B01D2259/40092; Y; Y10; Y10S; Y10S210/00; Y10S210/902; Y10S210/903
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 23
Claim 1
Independent Claim
86 words
A method for direct reduction of ammonia waste streams comprising: a. reading an aqueous ammonia containing waste stream with a solution of a strong acid and a metal salt, wherein the cation in said metal salt of said solution is selected from the group consisting of Ag, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pd, Zn; and wherein an ammonium-double salt is formed with said metal salt in ammonia depleted waste stream; and b. treating said depleted waste stream to crystallize an ammonium metal double salt therefrom.
Claim 2
Independent Claim
86 words
A method for direct reduction of ammonia waste streams comprising: a. reading an aqueous ammonia containing waste stream with a solution of a strong acid and a metal salt, wherein the cation in said metal salt of said solution is selected from the group consisting of Ag, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pd, Zn; and wherein an ammonium-double salt is formed with said metal salt in ammonia depleted waste stream; and b. treating said depleted waste stream to crystallize an ammonium metal double salt therefrom.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
24 words
The method according to claim 1 , comprising the additional step, c. separating said crystallized ammonium-metal double salt from said ammonia depleted waste stream.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
45 words
The method according to claim 1 , wherein said treating is accomplished by seeding with recycled ammonium sulfate crystals, by increasing the concentration of the ammonium salt and metal salt in said depleted waste stream by evaporation, by decreasing the temperature, or a combination thereof.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
24 words
The method according to claim 1 , wherein said metal cations are used alone or in combination with one or more other metal cations.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
13 words
The method according to claim 1 , wherein said metal cation is Zinc.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
20 words
The method according to claim 1 , wherein said strong acid in said solution is sulfuric, sulfurous, phosphoric and/or hydrochloric.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
14 words
The method according to claim 6 , wherein said strong acid is sulfuric acid.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
27 words
The method according to claim 1 , wherein the anion in said metal salt used in the solution is the same anion as in the strong acid.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
32 words
The method according to claim 1 comprising the additional steps of, separating said ammonia from said double salt; and recycling at least some of the remaining constituents for preparation of said solution.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
26 words
The method according to claim 2 , comprising the additional steps of separating at least some ammonia from said ammonium-metal double salt by decomposition with heat.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
63 words
A process for the direct reduction of ammonia from an aqueous waste stream comprising: a. reacting an aqueous ammonia containing waste stream with a solution of sulfuric acid and zinc sulfate, wherein an ammonium-double salt is formed in an ammonia depleted waste stream; and b. treating said ammonia depleted waste stream to crystallize an ammonium-metal double salt of zinc ammonium sulfate hydrate therefrom.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
63 words
A process for the direct reduction of ammonia from an aqueous waste stream comprising: a. reacting an aqueous ammonia containing waste stream with a solution of sulfuric acid and zinc sulfate, wherein an ammonium-double salt is formed in an ammonia depleted waste stream; and b. treating said ammonia depleted waste stream to crystallize an ammonium-metal double salt of zinc ammonium sulfate hydrate therefrom.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
24 words
The method according to claim 11 , comprising the additional step, c. separating said crystallized ammonium-metal double salt from said ammonia depleted waste stream.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
19 words
The method according to claim 11 , wherein said crystallization is caused by concentrating the stream by removing water.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
26 words
The method according to claim 13 , wherein said removal of water is accomplished by evaporation by heating, a vacuum, or a combination of the two.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
30 words
The method according to claim 11 , wherein said crystallization is caused by reducing the temperature of the zinc sulfate/ammonium sulfate solution or by a combination of concentration and cooling.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
32 words
The method according to claim 11 , wherein the crystallization is accomplished by cooling the solution below the crystallization temperature and continuously or sequentially separating the crystals of zinc ammonium sulfate hydrate.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
13 words
The method according to claim 16 , wherein multiple crystallization steps are used.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
31 words
The method according to claim 11 , comprising the additional step of recovering ammonia by decomposition of the zinc ammonium sulfate hydrate crystals to release NH 3 and H 2 O.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
27 words
The method of claim 18 , comprising the additional steps of recovering any remaining zinc sulfate and sulfuric acid, and recycling said zinc sulfate and sulfuric acid.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
36 words
The method according to claim 12 , comprising the additional steps of heating the crystals at a lower temperature to remove water, and raising the temperature to a higher level to remove ammonia as a vapor.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
32 words
The method according to claim 20 , comprising the additional step of condensing said ammonia vapor to recover said ammonia or recovering said ammonia as a salt by stripping with an acid.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 2006-05-05 | 2006-11-04 | 2007-05-06 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 2010-05-05 | 2010-11-04 | 2011-05-06 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2014-05-05 | 2014-11-04 | 2015-05-06 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |