Patent US6532541B1 successfully refreshed from Google Patents.
US6532541B1
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Method and apparatus for image authentication
Assignee: Columbia University
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Filing: 1999-01-22
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Granted: 2003-03-11
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Expires: 2019-01-22
Abstract
Abstract A system for authentication of a digital image includes a signature generator for creating a robust digital signature for an original image based on instrument features of the image. An authentication processor extracts a set of invariant features for the original image from the digital signature, generates a corresponding set of invariant features for the present image to be authenticated and compares the two sets of invariant features to determine whether the image has been subjected to malicious manipulation. The invariant features include the polarity and magnitude of the difference between discrete cosine transform coefficients at corresponding coefficient locations in selected image block pairs. The intensity of the original image is also authenticated by comparing a mean value of coefficient of the original image to the mean value of the coefficient of the present image.
Inventors
- 👤 Shih-Fu Chang
- 👤 Ching-Yung Lin
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-09 21:25
CPC Classifications
G; G06; G06T; G06T1/00; G06T1/0021; G06T1/005; G06T1/0028; H; H04; H04L; H04L9/00; H04L9/32; H04L9/3247; H04N; H04N1/00; H04N1/32; H04N1/32101; G06T2201/00; G06T2201/005; G06T2201/0052; G06T2201/0065; G06T2201/0081; H04L2209/00; H04L2209/30; H04L2209/60; H04L2209/608; H04N2201/00; H04N2201/32; H04N2201/3201; H04N2201/3225; H04N2201/3233; H04N2201/3235; H04N2201/3236
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 18
Claim 1
Independent Claim
260 words
A system for authentication of a present digital image, comprising: a signature generator, said signature generator including: an image analyzer, said image analyzer receiving an original digital image, parsing the image into image block pairs and generating invariant features of said image based on a relationship between corresponding DCT coefficients in said at least one image block pair, said relationship between corresponding DCT coefficients including the polarity of the difference of discrete cosine transform coefficients of corresponding coefficients locations in said image block pairs and the magnitude of the difference of discrete cosine transform coefficients of corresponding coefficients locations in said image block pairs; and an encryption processor, said encryption processor encoding the invariant features generated by said image analyzer in accordance with encryption key data to provide an encrypted signature for the original image; and an authentication processor, said authentication processor receiving a present digital image to be authenticated and an encrypted signature for the original image, said authentication processor including: a decryption processor, said decryption processor receiving the encrypted signature and decoding the signature in accordance with decryption key data to extract the invariant features of the original image; means for extracting coefficients of the present image to be authenticated; and an authentication comparator, said authentication comparator receiving the coefficients of the present image to be authenticated, extracting invariant features of the present image from the coefficients, comparing the invariant features from the original image to those of the present image and providing a signal indicative of an authentication failure if the corresponding features do not substantially match.
Claim 2
Independent Claim
260 words
A system for authentication of a present digital image, comprising: a signature generator, said signature generator including: an image analyzer, said image analyzer receiving an original digital image, parsing the image into image block pairs and generating invariant features of said image based on a relationship between corresponding DCT coefficients in said at least one image block pair, said relationship between corresponding DCT coefficients including the polarity of the difference of discrete cosine transform coefficients of corresponding coefficients locations in said image block pairs and the magnitude of the difference of discrete cosine transform coefficients of corresponding coefficients locations in said image block pairs; and an encryption processor, said encryption processor encoding the invariant features generated by said image analyzer in accordance with encryption key data to provide an encrypted signature for the original image; and an authentication processor, said authentication processor receiving a present digital image to be authenticated and an encrypted signature for the original image, said authentication processor including: a decryption processor, said decryption processor receiving the encrypted signature and decoding the signature in accordance with decryption key data to extract the invariant features of the original image; means for extracting coefficients of the present image to be authenticated; and an authentication comparator, said authentication comparator receiving the coefficients of the present image to be authenticated, extracting invariant features of the present image from the coefficients, comparing the invariant features from the original image to those of the present image and providing a signal indicative of an authentication failure if the corresponding features do not substantially match.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
25 words
A system for authentication, as defined by claim 1 , wherein said relationship includes the mean value of discrete cosine transform coefficients of image blocks.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
62 words
A system for authentication, as defined by claim 1 , wherein the present digital image to be authenticated is in the form of a raw image and said means for extracting invariant features includes a discrete cosine transform processor, said discrete cosine transform processor receiving the raw image and providing discrete cosine transform coefficients representing the raw image to said authentication comparator.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
53 words
A system for authentication, as defined by claim 1 , wherein the present digital image to be authenticated is in the form of a JPEG compressed image bit stream and said means for extracting invariant features includes a JPEG decoder providing discrete cosine transform coefficients representing the raw image to said authentication comparator.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
111 words
A signature generator for providing a robust digital signature for an original digital image comprising an image analyzer, said image analyzer receiving the original digital image, parsing the image into image block pairs and generating substantially invariant features of the image, said invariant features corresponding to a relationship between corresponding pixel values in said image block pairs, wherein said relationship is at least partially defined by the polarity of the difference of discrete cosine transform coefficients of corresponding coefficient locations of said at least one image block pairs and the magnitude of the difference of discrete cosine transform coefficients of corresponding coefficient locations of said at least one image block pair.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
111 words
A signature generator for providing a robust digital signature for an original digital image comprising an image analyzer, said image analyzer receiving the original digital image, parsing the image into image block pairs and generating substantially invariant features of the image, said invariant features corresponding to a relationship between corresponding pixel values in said image block pairs, wherein said relationship is at least partially defined by the polarity of the difference of discrete cosine transform coefficients of corresponding coefficient locations of said at least one image block pairs and the magnitude of the difference of discrete cosine transform coefficients of corresponding coefficient locations of said at least one image block pair.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
189 words
A digital image authenticator, the authenticator receiving data representing a digital image to be authenticated and a digital signature for the original image, the authenticator comprising: means for generating coefficients from the data representing the image to be authenticated, said means for generating coefficients representing the data representing the image into a plurality of image blocks; means for extracting invariant features for the original image from the digital signature; and an authentication comparator, said authentication comparator receiving the coefficients from the generating means, grouping the plurality of image blocks into at least one image block pair and generating invariant features for the image to be authenticated from a relationship between corresponding coefficients which are at least partially defined by the polarity of the difference of discrete cosine coefficients and the magnitude of the difference of discrete cosine transform coefficients of corresponding coefficient locations in the at least one image block pair, said authentication comparator comparing the generated invariant features of the present image to corresponding invariant features from the original image and providing a signal indicative of an authentication failure if the corresponding invariant features do not substantially match.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
189 words
A digital image authenticator, the authenticator receiving data representing a digital image to be authenticated and a digital signature for the original image, the authenticator comprising: means for generating coefficients from the data representing the image to be authenticated, said means for generating coefficients representing the data representing the image into a plurality of image blocks; means for extracting invariant features for the original image from the digital signature; and an authentication comparator, said authentication comparator receiving the coefficients from the generating means, grouping the plurality of image blocks into at least one image block pair and generating invariant features for the image to be authenticated from a relationship between corresponding coefficients which are at least partially defined by the polarity of the difference of discrete cosine coefficients and the magnitude of the difference of discrete cosine transform coefficients of corresponding coefficient locations in the at least one image block pair, said authentication comparator comparing the generated invariant features of the present image to corresponding invariant features from the original image and providing a signal indicative of an authentication failure if the corresponding invariant features do not substantially match.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
27 words
A digital image authenticator, as defined by claim 6 , wherein said relationship includes the mean value of discrete cosine transform coefficients in the image block pairs.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
63 words
A digital image authenticator, as defined by claim 6 , wherein the data representing the digital image to be authenticated is in the form of a raw image and said means for generating coefficients includes a discrete cosine transform processor, said direct cosine transform processor receiving the raw image and providing discrete cosine transform coefficients representing the raw image to said authentication comparator.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
54 words
A digital image authenticator, as defined by claim 6 , wherein the data representing the digital image to be authenticated is in the form of a JPEG compressed image bit stream and said means for extracting coefficients includes a JPEG decoder providing discrete cosine transform coefficients representing the raw image to said authentication comparator.
Claim 13
Independent Claim
86 words
A method for generating an invariant feature for a digital image comprising the steps: partitioning the image into a plurality of image blocks; assigning at least one image block pair from said plurality of image blocks; extracting coefficients for pixels in said at least one image block pair; determining an invariant relationship between corresponding coefficients of said at least one image block pair, said relationship being at least partially defined by the polarity of the difference and the magnitude of the difference of said corresponding coefficients.
Claim 14
Independent Claim
86 words
A method for generating an invariant feature for a digital image comprising the steps: partitioning the image into a plurality of image blocks; assigning at least one image block pair from said plurality of image blocks; extracting coefficients for pixels in said at least one image block pair; determining an invariant relationship between corresponding coefficients of said at least one image block pair, said relationship being at least partially defined by the polarity of the difference and the magnitude of the difference of said corresponding coefficients.
Claim 15
Independent Claim
124 words
A method for authenticating a present image based on a signature generated from invariant features of an original image, comprising the steps: partitioning the present image into a plurality of image block pairs; extracting coefficients for the image block pairs; generating invariant features for the present image to be authenticated from a relationship between corresponding coefficients of at least one image block pair, said relationship being at least partially defined by the magnitude of the difference of said corresponding coefficients; extracting invariant features for the original image from the signature; comparing the invariant features of the present image to corresponding invariant features of the original image; and providing a signal indicative of an authentication failure if the corresponding invariant features do not substantially match.
Claim 16
Independent Claim
124 words
A method for authenticating a present image based on a signature generated from invariant features of an original image, comprising the steps: partitioning the present image into a plurality of image block pairs; extracting coefficients for the image block pairs; generating invariant features for the present image to be authenticated from a relationship between corresponding coefficients of at least one image block pair, said relationship being at least partially defined by the magnitude of the difference of said corresponding coefficients; extracting invariant features for the original image from the signature; comparing the invariant features of the present image to corresponding invariant features of the original image; and providing a signal indicative of an authentication failure if the corresponding invariant features do not substantially match.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
31 words
A method for authenticating a present image, as defined by claim 11 , wherein said relationship is at least partially defined by the polarity of the difference of said corresponding coefficients.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
65 words
A method for authenticating a present image, as defined by claim 11 , further including the steps of: generating a mean value of the coefficients of the original image and the present image; and comparing the mean value of the coefficients of the original image to the mean value of the coefficients of the present image, whereby the intensity of the original image is authenticated.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 2006-03-10 | 2006-09-09 | 2007-03-11 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 2010-03-10 | 2010-09-09 | 2011-03-11 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2014-03-10 | 2014-09-09 | 2015-03-11 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |