Patent US6531239B2 successfully refreshed from Google Patents.
US6531239B2
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Biological fuel cell and methods
Assignee: Abbott Diabetes Care Inc
•
Filing: 2001-09-24
•
Granted: 2003-03-11
•
Expires: 2021-09-24
Abstract
Abstract A fuel cell has an anode and a cathode with anode enzyme disposed on the anode and cathode enzyme is disposed on the cathode. The anode is configured and arranged to electrooxidize an anode reductant in the presence of the anode enzyme. Likewise, the cathode is configured and arranged to electroreduce a cathode oxidant in the presence of the cathode enzyme. In addition, anode redox hydrogel may be disposed on the anode to transduce a current between the anode and the anode enzyme and cathode redox hydrogel may be disposed on the cathode to transduce a current between the cathode and the cathode enzyme.
Inventors
- 👤 Adam Heller
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-28 17:27
CPC Classifications
H; H01; H01M; H01M8/00; H01M8/16; H01M4/00; H01M4/86; H01M4/90; H01M4/9008; H01M2250/00; H01M2250/30; Y; Y02; Y02B; Y02B90/00; Y02B90/10; Y02E; Y02E60/00; Y02E60/30; Y02E60/50
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 23
Claim 1
Independent Claim
57 words
A fuel cell comprising: an anode; a cathode, the anode and cathode separated by a distance; an anode electrolysis layer on at least a portion of the anode, the anode electolysis layer comprising an anode enzyme; and a cathode electrolysis layer on at least a portion of the cathode, the cathode electrolysis layer comprising a cathode enzyme.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
57 words
A fuel cell comprising: an anode; a cathode, the anode and cathode separated by a distance; an anode electrolysis layer on at least a portion of the anode, the anode electolysis layer comprising an anode enzyme; and a cathode electrolysis layer on at least a portion of the cathode, the cathode electrolysis layer comprising a cathode enzyme.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
67 words
A fuel cell comprising: an anode; a cathode, the anode and cathode separated by a distance; an anode electrolysis layer on at least a portion of the anode, the anode electrolysis layer comprising an anode enzyme; and a cathode electrolysis layer on at least a portion of the cathode, the cathode electrolysis layer comprising a cathode enzyme, wherein the anode enzyme is an oxidase or a dehydrogenase.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
67 words
A fuel cell comprising: an anode; a cathode, the anode and cathode separated by a distance; an anode electrolysis layer on at least a portion of the anode, the anode electrolysis layer comprising an anode enzyme; and a cathode electrolysis layer on at least a portion of the cathode, the cathode electrolysis layer comprising a cathode enzyme, wherein the anode enzyme is an oxidase or a dehydrogenase.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
66 words
A fuel cell comprising: an anode; a cathode, the anode and cathode separated by a distance; an anode electrolysis layer on at least a portion of the anode, the anode electrolysis layer comprising an anode enzyme and an anode redox polymer including a redox species; and a cathode electrolysis layer on at least a portion of the cathode, the cathode electrolysis layer comprising a cathode enzyme.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
66 words
A fuel cell comprising: an anode; a cathode, the anode and cathode separated by a distance; an anode electrolysis layer on at least a portion of the anode, the anode electrolysis layer comprising an anode enzyme and an anode redox polymer including a redox species; and a cathode electrolysis layer on at least a portion of the cathode, the cathode electrolysis layer comprising a cathode enzyme.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
67 words
A fuel cell comprising: an anode; a cathode, the anode and cathode separated by a distance; an anode electrolysis layer on at least a portion of the anode, the anode electrolysis layer comprising an anode enzyme; and a cathode electrolysis layer on at least a portion of the cathode, the cathode electrolysis layer comprising a cathode enzyme, wherein the cathode enzyme comprises a laccase or a peroxidase.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
67 words
A fuel cell comprising: an anode; a cathode, the anode and cathode separated by a distance; an anode electrolysis layer on at least a portion of the anode, the anode electrolysis layer comprising an anode enzyme; and a cathode electrolysis layer on at least a portion of the cathode, the cathode electrolysis layer comprising a cathode enzyme, wherein the cathode enzyme comprises a laccase or a peroxidase.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
66 words
A fuel cell comprising: an anode; a cathode, the anode and cathode separated by a distance; an anode electrolysis layer on at least a portion of the anode, the anode electrolysis layer comprising an anode enzyme; and a cathode electrolysis layer on at least a portion of the cathode, the cathode electrolysis layer comprising a cathode enzyme and a cathode redox polymer including a redox species.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
66 words
A fuel cell comprising: an anode; a cathode, the anode and cathode separated by a distance; an anode electrolysis layer on at least a portion of the anode, the anode electrolysis layer comprising an anode enzyme; and a cathode electrolysis layer on at least a portion of the cathode, the cathode electrolysis layer comprising a cathode enzyme and a cathode redox polymer including a redox species.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
16 words
The fuel cell according to claim 3 , wherein the redox polymer comprises a redox hydrogel.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
16 words
The fuel cell according to claim 5 , wherein the redox polymer comprises a redox hydrogel.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
19 words
The fuel cell according to claim 3 , wherein the redox species is a transition metal compound or complex.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
19 words
The fuel cell according to claim 5 , wherein the redox species is a transition metal compound or complex.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
75 words
A fuel cell comprising: an anode; a cathode, the anode and cathode separated by a distance; an anode electrolysis layer on at least a portion of the anode, the anode electrolysis layer comprising an anode enzyme and an anode redox polymer including a redox species; and a cathode electrolysis layer on at least a portion of the cathode, the cathode electrolysis layer comprising a cathode enzyme and a cathode redox polymer including a redox species.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
75 words
A fuel cell comprising: an anode; a cathode, the anode and cathode separated by a distance; an anode electrolysis layer on at least a portion of the anode, the anode electrolysis layer comprising an anode enzyme and an anode redox polymer including a redox species; and a cathode electrolysis layer on at least a portion of the cathode, the cathode electrolysis layer comprising a cathode enzyme and a cathode redox polymer including a redox species.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
29 words
The fuel cell according to claim 10 , wherein the anode enzyme comprises an oxidase or a dehydrogenase and wherein the cathode enzyme comprises a laccase or a peroxidase.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
19 words
The fuel cell according to claim 10 , further comprising a spacer positioned between the anode and the cathode.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
32 words
The fuel cell according to claim 10 , wherein the anode redox polymer has a redox potential that is at least +0.1 volts positive of a redox potential of the anode enzyme.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
32 words
The fuel cell according to claim 10 , wherein the cathode redox polymer has a redox potential that is at least +0.1 volts positive of a redox potential of the cathode enzyme.
Claim 21
Independent Claim
79 words
A method of powering an electrical device within a human body comprising the steps of: implanting a fuel cell electrically connected to the device into a human and in contact with a biological fluid comprising glucose and oxygen, the fuel cell comprising: (a) an anode and an anode enzyme present on the anode; (b) a cathode and a cathode enzyme present on the cathode; electrooxidizing glucose at the anode and electroreducing oxygen at the cathode to generate electrical power.
Claim 22
Independent Claim
79 words
A method of powering an electrical device within a human body comprising the steps of: implanting a fuel cell electrically connected to the device into a human and in contact with a biological fluid comprising glucose and oxygen, the fuel cell comprising: (a) an anode and an anode enzyme present on the anode; (b) a cathode and a cathode enzyme present on the cathode; electrooxidizing glucose at the anode and electroreducing oxygen at the cathode to generate electrical power.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
13 words
The method according to claim 15 , wherein the biological fluid is blood.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 2006-03-10 | 2006-09-09 | 2007-03-11 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 2010-03-10 | 2010-09-09 | 2011-03-11 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2014-03-10 | 2014-09-09 | 2015-03-11 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |