US6446236B1
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Reading encoded information subject to random and transient errors
Assignee: Maxtor Corp
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Filing: 1999-10-13
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Granted: 2002-09-03
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Expires: 2019-10-13
Abstract
Abstract A scheme (apparatus and methods) for recovering encoded data from a data signal representing one or more data symbols and subject to random errors and transient errors. A system in accordance with this scheme includes a transient error detector, a reliability detector, an erasure flagger, and a decoder. The transient error detector is coupled to receive the data signal and is configured to identify one or more characteristics (e.g., a starting location and a midpoint location) of a transient error (e.g., a TA) in the data signal. The reliability detector is configured to compute a reliability metric for each data symbol. The erasure flagger identifies erasures based upon signals received from the transient error detector and the reliability detector. The decoder is configured to treat a data symbol as an erasure or as a valid data symbol based upon the output of the erasure flagger.
Inventors
- 👤 Peter McEwen
- 👤 Hossein Sedarat
- 👤 Kelly Fitzpatrick
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-31 23:53
CPC Classifications
G; G11; G11B; G11B20/00; G11B20/10; G11B20/10009; G11B20/10046; G11B20/10055; G11B20/10268; G11B20/10287; G11B20/10296; G11B20/18; G11B20/1833; G11B5/00; G11B5/012; H; H03; H03M; H03M13/00; H03M13/37; H03M13/39; H03M13/41; H03M13/45; H04; H04L; H04L1/00; H04L1/20; G11B2005/0002; G11B2005/0005; G11B2005/001; G11B2005/0013; G11B2005/0016; G11B5/02; G11B5/09
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 29
Claim 1
Independent Claim
90 words
A method of reading a data signal representing one or more encoded data symbols subject to random errors and transient errors, comprising: identifying one or more characteristics of a transient error in the data signal; computing a reliability metric for one or more data symbols; labeling one or more of the data symbols as erasures or as valid data symbols based upon the identified transient error characteristic and a comparison of the computed reliability metric against a minimum reliability threshold; and producing corrected data symbols by correcting errors and erasures.
Claim 2
Independent Claim
90 words
A method of reading a data signal representing one or more encoded data symbols subject to random errors and transient errors, comprising: identifying one or more characteristics of a transient error in the data signal; computing a reliability metric for one or more data symbols; labeling one or more of the data symbols as erasures or as valid data symbols based upon the identified transient error characteristic and a comparison of the computed reliability metric against a minimum reliability threshold; and producing corrected data symbols by correcting errors and erasures.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
43 words
The method of claim 1 , wherein an identified transient error characteristic corresponds to a starting location of the transient error, and further comprising labeling as erasures a number of consecutive data symbols beginning at the identified starting location of the transient error.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
58 words
The method of claim 1 , further comprising defining a first erasure period beginning with a first data symbol and ending at an identified transient error starting location, and a second erasure period beginning at the identified transient error starting location and ending a number of consecutive data symbols after an identified midpoint location of the transient error.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
36 words
The method of claim 3 , wherein each data symbol within the first erasure period is labeled as a valid data symbol and each data symbol within the second erasure period is labeled as an erasure.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
78 words
The method of claim 3 , wherein each data symbol within the first erasure period is labeled as an erasure or as a valid data symbol based upon a comparison of a first computed reliability metric against a first minimum reliability threshold, and each data symbol within the second erasure period is labeled as an erasure or as a valid data symbol based upon a comparison of a second computed reliability metric against a second minimum reliability threshold.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
15 words
The method of claim 5 , wherein the first and second reliability metrics are different.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
16 words
The method of claim 5 , wherein the first and second minimum reliability thresholds are different.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
58 words
The method of claim 5 , further comprising defining a third erasure period beginning at the end of the second erasure period, wherein each data symbol within the third erasure period is labeled as an erasure or as a valid data symbol based upon a comparison of a third computed reliability metric against a third minimum reliability threshold.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
20 words
The method of claim 8 , wherein the third reliability metric is different from the first and second reliability metrics.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
20 words
The method of claim 1 , wherein the reliability metric that is computed is based upon a Viterbi difference metric.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
36 words
The method of claim 10 , wherein a data symbol is labeled as an erasure when the computed Viterbi difference metric is less than the minimum reliability threshold for any time associated with the data symbol.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
18 words
The method of claim 1 , wherein the reliability metric that is computed is a Viterbi path metric.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
30 words
The method of claim 12 , wherein a data symbol is labeled as an erasure when the Viterbi path metric accumulated over the data symbol exceeds the minimum reliability threshold.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
29 words
The method of claim 1 , further comprising labeling one or more of the data symbols as erasures or as valid data symbols based upon a modulation code verification.
Claim 16
Independent Claim
127 words
A system for reading a data signal representing one or more encoded data symbols and subject to random errors and transient errors, comprising: a transient error detector coupled to receive the encoded data symbol and configured to identify one or more characteristics of a transient error in the data signal; a reliability detector configured to compute a reliability metric for one or more of the data symbols; an erasure flagger configured to label one or more of the data symbols as erasures or as valid data symbols based upon the identified transient error characteristic and a comparison of the computed reliability metric against a minimum reliability threshold; and a decoder coupled to the erasure flagger and configured to produce corrected data symbols by correcting errors and erasures.
Claim 17
Independent Claim
127 words
A system for reading a data signal representing one or more encoded data symbols and subject to random errors and transient errors, comprising: a transient error detector coupled to receive the encoded data symbol and configured to identify one or more characteristics of a transient error in the data signal; a reliability detector configured to compute a reliability metric for one or more of the data symbols; an erasure flagger configured to label one or more of the data symbols as erasures or as valid data symbols based upon the identified transient error characteristic and a comparison of the computed reliability metric against a minimum reliability threshold; and a decoder coupled to the erasure flagger and configured to produce corrected data symbols by correcting errors and erasures.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
26 words
The system of claim 15 , wherein the transient error detector is configured to identify a characteristic of a transient error caused by a thermal asperity.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
28 words
The system of claim 15 , wherein the transient error detector is configured to identify a characteristic of a transient error caused by a drop-out or a defect.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
15 words
The system of claim 15 , wherein the reliability detector is a soft-output Viterbi detector.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
42 words
The system of claim 18 , wherein the reliability detector is configured to compute a Viterbi difference metric for each bit in a data symbol and assigns to the data symbol a reliability metric corresponding to the lowest computed Viterbi difference metric.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
30 words
The system of claim 19 , wherein the erasure flagger labels the data symbol as an erasure when the assigned Viterbi difference metric is less than the minimum reliability threshold.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
23 words
The system of claim 18 , wherein the reliability detector is configured to compute a Viterbi path metric accumulated over a data symbol.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
33 words
The system of claim 21 , wherein the erasure flagger labels the data symbol as an erasure when the computed Viterbi path metric accumulated over the data symbol exceeds the minimum reliability threshold.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
152 words
A magnetic disk storage system, comprising: at least one magnetic storage disk; at least one magnetoresistive (MR) head configured to extract from the at least one magnetic storage disk a data signal representing one or more encoded data symbols and subject to random errors and transient errors; and a transient error detector coupled to receive the encoded data symbol and configured to identify one or more characteristics of a transient error in the data signal; a reliability detector configured to compute a reliability metric for one or more of the data symbols; an erasure flagger configured to label one or more of the data symbols as erasures or as valid data symbols based upon the identified transient error characteristic and a comparison of the computed reliability metric against a minimum reliability threshold; and a decoder coupled to the erasure flagger and configured to produce corrected data symbols by correcting errors and erasures.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
152 words
A magnetic disk storage system, comprising: at least one magnetic storage disk; at least one magnetoresistive (MR) head configured to extract from the at least one magnetic storage disk a data signal representing one or more encoded data symbols and subject to random errors and transient errors; and a transient error detector coupled to receive the encoded data symbol and configured to identify one or more characteristics of a transient error in the data signal; a reliability detector configured to compute a reliability metric for one or more of the data symbols; an erasure flagger configured to label one or more of the data symbols as erasures or as valid data symbols based upon the identified transient error characteristic and a comparison of the computed reliability metric against a minimum reliability threshold; and a decoder coupled to the erasure flagger and configured to produce corrected data symbols by correcting errors and erasures.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
15 words
The system of claim 23 , wherein the reliability detector is a soft-output Viterbi detector.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
66 words
The system of claim 24 , wherein the Viterbi detector is configured to compute a Viterbi difference metric for each bit in a data symbol and assigns to the data symbol a reliability metric corresponding to the lowest computed Viterbi difference metric, and the erasure flagger labels the data symbol as an erasure when the assigned Viterbi difference metric is less than the minimum reliability threshold.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
49 words
The system of claim 24 , wherein the Viterbi detector is configured to compute a Viterbi path metric for a data symbol, and the erasure flagger labels the data symbol as an erasure when the computed Viterbi path metric accumulated over the data symbol exceeds the minimum reliability threshold.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 2005-09-02 | 2006-03-04 | 2006-09-03 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 2009-09-02 | 2010-03-04 | 2010-09-03 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2013-09-02 | 2014-03-04 | 2014-09-03 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |