US6366794B1
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Generic integrated implantable potentiostat telemetry unit for electrochemical sensors
Assignee: CONNECTICUT THE, University of
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Filing: 1999-11-19
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Granted: 2002-04-02
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Expires: 2019-11-19
Abstract
Abstract A generic implantable puck that can be used with a number of biosensor configurations. This generic implantable potentiostat telemetry unit (the puck) can also be part of a system to detect glucose concentrations. An electrochemical system partially implantable into a body for detecting glucose concentrations therein is presented. The system comprises an electrochemical sensor, a transmitting puck including an electric circuit connected to the electrochemical sensor for transmitting a signal indicative of the glucose concentrations in the body. There is at least one receiver for receiving the signal from the transmitting puck and a computer system coupled tlo the at least one receiver for processing the signal for patient diagnosis and treatment.
Inventors
- 👤 Francis Moussy
- 👤 Robert W. Conlan
- 👤 Markham C. Godwin
- 👤 Richard D. Beach
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-09 18:58
CPC Classifications
A; A61; A61L; A61L27/00; A61L27/50; A61L27/54; A61B; A61B5/00; A61B5/0002; A61B5/0031; A61B5/145; A61B5/14532; A61L31/00; A61L31/08; A61L31/10; A61L31/14; A61L31/16; A61L2300/00
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 56
Claim 1
Independent Claim
254 words
An electrochemical system for detecting glucose concentrations in a body, the system comprising: an electrochemical sensor for implantation into the body including at least one electrode; a telemetry unit for implantation into the body including an electric circuit having a first operational amplifier having a first output terminal connected to a first electrode of the at least one electrode, means for switching the electric circuit between a potentiostat circuit and a galvanostat circuit providing thereby an excitation voltage to a first electrode of the at least one electrode of the electrochemical sensor and generating thereby a first signal indicative of glucose concentrations; wherein the first operational amplifier includes first and second input terminals connected to means for switching the electric circuit between a potentiostat circuit and a galvanostat circuit and a first feedback circuit having at least one electric device therein connected to a second electrode of the at least one electrode, the second input terminal and means for switching means the electric circuit between a potentiostat circuit and a galvanostat circuit; at least one signal converter connected to means for switching the electric circuit between a potentiostat circuit and a galvanostat circuit; a microprocessor connected to means for switching the electric circuit between a potentiostat circuit and a galvanostat circuit and to the at least one signal converter for controlling switching the electric circuit between a potentiostat circuit and a galvanostat circuit; at least one receiver for receiving the signal from the telemetry unit; and a power supply for energizing the electric circuit.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
254 words
An electrochemical system for detecting glucose concentrations in a body, the system comprising: an electrochemical sensor for implantation into the body including at least one electrode; a telemetry unit for implantation into the body including an electric circuit having a first operational amplifier having a first output terminal connected to a first electrode of the at least one electrode, means for switching the electric circuit between a potentiostat circuit and a galvanostat circuit providing thereby an excitation voltage to a first electrode of the at least one electrode of the electrochemical sensor and generating thereby a first signal indicative of glucose concentrations; wherein the first operational amplifier includes first and second input terminals connected to means for switching the electric circuit between a potentiostat circuit and a galvanostat circuit and a first feedback circuit having at least one electric device therein connected to a second electrode of the at least one electrode, the second input terminal and means for switching means the electric circuit between a potentiostat circuit and a galvanostat circuit; at least one signal converter connected to means for switching the electric circuit between a potentiostat circuit and a galvanostat circuit; a microprocessor connected to means for switching the electric circuit between a potentiostat circuit and a galvanostat circuit and to the at least one signal converter for controlling switching the electric circuit between a potentiostat circuit and a galvanostat circuit; at least one receiver for receiving the signal from the telemetry unit; and a power supply for energizing the electric circuit.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
72 words
The electrochemical system as set forth in claim 1 further comprising: a second operational amplifier having a third input terminal connected to a third electrode of the at least one electrode, a fourth input terminal connected to the at least one signal converter, a second output terminal; and a second feedback circuit having at least one electric device therein connected to the second output terminal, the third input terminal and the microprocessor.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
33 words
The electrochemical system as set forth in claim 2 wherein the first feedback circuit is a negative feedback circuit including a direct connection from the first output terminal to the second input terminal.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
33 words
The electrochemical system as set forth in claim 2 wherein the first feedback circuit is a negative feedback circuit including a first resistor connected to the second input terminal and the second switch.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
34 words
The electrochemical system as set forth in claim 2 wherein the second feedback circuit is a negative feedback circuit including a second resistor connected to the second output terminal and the third input terminal.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
18 words
The electrochemical system as set forth in claim 5 wherein the second resistor is controlled by the microprocessor.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
23 words
The electrochemical system as set forth in claim 2 wherein the second electrode of the at least one electrode is an auxiliary electrode.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
23 words
The electrochemical system as set forth in claim 2 wherein the second electrode of the at least one electrode is a reference electrode.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
34 words
The electrochemical system as set forth in claim 2 wherein the second electrode of the at least one electrode is a working electrode and the third input terminal is disconnected from the third electrode.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
30 words
The electrochemical system as set forth in claim 1 wherein the electric circuit further comprises a filter circuit connected to the potentiostat circuit and the at least one signal converter.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
19 words
The electrochemical system as set forth in claim 10 wherein the filter circuit is a low pass filter circuit.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
83 words
The electrochemical system as set forth in claim 11 wherein the filter circuit comprises: a first operational amplifier having a first output terminal connected to the at least one signal converter; a first input terminal; a second input terminal a first feedback circuit having at least one electrical device therein connected to the first output terminal and the first input terminal; a second feedback circuit having at least one electrical device therein connected to the first output terminal and the second input terminal.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
19 words
The electrochemical system as set forth in claim 12 wherein the first feedback circuit is a negative feedback circuit.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
18 words
The electrochemical system as set forth in claim 12 wherein the first feedback circuit comprises a direct connection.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
19 words
The electrochemical system as set forth in claim 12 wherein the second feedback circuit is a positive feedback circuit.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
64 words
The electrochemical system as set forth in claim 12 wherein the second feedback circuit comprises: a first capacitor connected to the second input terminal and a first reference voltage; a first resistor connected to the second input terminal, a second capacitor connected to the first output terminal and the first resistor; and a second resistor connected to the first resistor and the second capacitor.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
29 words
The electrochemical system as set forth in claim 1 wherein the electric circuit further comprises a transmitter connected to the microprocessor for transmitting a signal indicative of glucose concentrations.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
29 words
The electrochemical system as set forth in claim 17 further comprising a computer system coupled to the at least one receiver for processing the signal indicative of glucose concentrations.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
26 words
The electrochemical system as set forth in claim 18 wherein the at least one receiver comprises a radio frequency receiver for receiving a serial data signal.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
23 words
The electrochemical system as set forth in claim 18 wherein the computer system comprises a computer network for processing the serial data signal.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
23 words
The electrochemical system as set forth in claim 17 wherein the transmitter comprises a radio frequency transmitter for transmitting a serial data signal.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
93 words
The electrochemical system as set forth in claim 1 wherein the potentiostat circuit comprises: a first operational amplifier connected to the power supply and the electrochemical sensor for maintaining the first electrode of the electrochemical sensor at a substantially constant excitation voltage; a second operational amplifier connected to the power supply and the electrochemical sensor for converting the sensor current into an output voltage; an optocoupler connected to the second operational amplifier for converting the output voltage into a changing resistance value; and a transmitter for transmitting the resistance value to the receiver.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
47 words
The electrochemical system as set forth in claim 22 wherein the power supply comprises: a first switch having an open and closed position; a battery connected to the first switch and a first reference voltage; and a voltage converter connected to a second and third reference voltage.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
18 words
The electrochemical system as set forth in claim 23 wherein the first feedback circuit comprises a direct connection.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
112 words
The electrochemical system as set forth in claim 23 wherein the second operational amplifier comprises: a third input lead; a fourth input lead connected to a fourth reference voltage; a second output lead; a second switch connected to the third input lead and a second electrode of the electrochemical sensor; the second switch having an open and closed position; a third switch connected to the second output lead and the optocoupler; the third switch having an open and closed position; a second feedback circuit connected to the second output lead and the third input lead; and an offset voltage compensation circuit connected to the third input lead and a fifth reference voltage.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
26 words
The electrochemical system as set forth in claim 25 wherein the second feedback circuit comprises a first electrical device in parallel with a second electrical device.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
17 words
The electrochemical system as set forth in claim 26 wherein the first electrical device is a capacitor.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
17 words
The electrochemical system as set forth in claim 26 wherein the second electrical device is a resistor.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
39 words
The electrochemical system as set forth in claim 25 wherein the offset voltage compensation circuit comprises: a fourth switch connected to the third input lead; and a variable resistor connected to the fourth switch and the fifth reference voltage.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
29 words
The electrochemical system as set forth in claim 25 wherein the third input lead is an inverting input lead and the fourth input lead is a noninverting input lead.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
18 words
The electrochemical system as set forth in claim 30 wherein the fourth input terminal is at electrical ground.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
18 words
The electrochemical system as set forth in claim 31 wherein the fifth reference voltage is approximately 1.2 volts.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
70 words
The electrochemical system as set forth in claim 22 wherein the first operational amplifier comprises: a first input lead; a second input lead; a first output lead connected to a first electrode of the electrochemical sensor; a first feedback circuit connected to the first input lead and the first output lead; and a first potentiometer connected to a first reference voltage, the second input lead and a second reference voltage.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
31 words
The electrochemical system as set forth in claim 33 wherein the first potentiometer comprises a voltage divider connected to a reference voltage, the second input lead and the second reference voltage.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
26 words
The electrochemical system as set forth in claim 33 wherein the first reference voltage is approximately 1.2 volts and the second reference voltage is electrical ground.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
28 words
The electrochemical system as set forth in claim 33 wherein the first input lead is an inverting input lead and the second input lead is a noninverting lead.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
35 words
The electrochemical system as set forth in claim 22 wherein the optocoupler comprises: a first optical device for generating an optical signal; a second optical device responsive to the optical signal connected to the transmitter.
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
23 words
The electrochemical system as set forth in claim 1 wherein the at least one electrode of the electrochemical sensor comprises a platinum electrode.
Claim 40
Dependent Claim
24 words
The electrochemical system as set forth in claim 1 wherein the at least one electrode of the electrochemical sensor is a silver/silver chloride electrode.
Claim 41
Dependent Claim
108 words
A telemetry unit for implantation into a body connected to an electrochemical system having at least one electrode therein for detecting analyte concentrations, the telemetry unit comprising: an electric circuit convertible between a potentiostat circuit and a galvanostat circuit connected to the electrochemical sensor for providing an excitation voltage to a first electrode of the at least one electrode of the electrochemical sensor and generating thereby a first signal indicative of analyte concentrations; at least one signal converter connected to the convertible electric circuit; a microprocessor connected to the convertible electric circuit and the at least one signal converter; and a power supply for energizing the electric circuit.
Claim 42
Dependent Claim
108 words
A telemetry unit for implantation into a body connected to an electrochemical system having at least one electrode therein for detecting analyte concentrations, the telemetry unit comprising: an electric circuit convertible between a potentiostat circuit and a galvanostat circuit connected to the electrochemical sensor for providing an excitation voltage to a first electrode of the at least one electrode of the electrochemical sensor and generating thereby a first signal indicative of analyte concentrations; at least one signal converter connected to the convertible electric circuit; a microprocessor connected to the convertible electric circuit and the at least one signal converter; and a power supply for energizing the electric circuit.
Claim 43
Dependent Claim
171 words
The telemetry unit as set forth in claim 40 wherein the electric circuit comprises: a first operational amplifier having a first output terminal connected to a first electrode of the at least one electrode, a first switch having at least one position connected to the at least one signal converter, a second switch having at least one position connected to the at least one signal converter, a first input terminal connected to the first switch, a second input terminal, a first feedback circuit having at least one electric device therein connected to a second electrode of the at least one electrode, the second input terminal and the second switch; and a second operational amplifier having a third input terminal connected to a third electrode of the at least one electrode, a fourth input terminal connected to the at least one signal converter, a second output terminal and a second feedback circuit having at least one electric device therein connected to the second output terminal, the third input terminal and the microprocessor.
Claim 44
Dependent Claim
33 words
The telemetry unit as set forth in claim 41 wherein the first feedback circuit is a negative feedback circuit including a direct connection from the first output terminal to the second input terminal.
Claim 45
Dependent Claim
33 words
The telemetry unit as set forth in claim 41 wherein the first feedback circuit is a negative feedback circuit including a first resistor connected to the second input terminal and the second switch.
Claim 46
Dependent Claim
34 words
The telemetry unit as set forth in claim 41 wherein the second feedback circuit is a negative feedback circuit including a second resistor connected to the second output terminal and the third input terminal.
Claim 47
Dependent Claim
18 words
The telemetry unit as set forth in claim 44 wherein the second resistor is controlled by the microprocessor.
Claim 48
Dependent Claim
23 words
The telemetry unit as set forth in claim 41 wherein the second electrode of the at least one electrode is an auxiliary electrode.
Claim 49
Dependent Claim
23 words
The telemetry unit as set forth in claim 41 wherein the second electrode of the at least one electrode is a reference electrode.
Claim 50
Dependent Claim
34 words
The telemetry unit as set forth in claim 41 wherein the second electrode of the at least one electrode is a working electrode and the third input terminal is disconnected from the third electrode.
Claim 51
Dependent Claim
30 words
The telemetry unit as set forth in claim 40 wherein the electric circuit further comprises a filter circuit connected to the potentiostat circuit and the at least one signal converter.
Claim 52
Dependent Claim
29 words
The telemetry unit as set forth in claim 40 wherein the electric circuit further comprises a transmitter connected to the microprocessor for transmitting a signal indicative of analyte concentrations.
Claim 53
Dependent Claim
108 words
A telemetry unit for implantation into a body connected to an electrochemical system having at least one electrode therein for detecting glucose concentrations, the telemetry unit comprising: an electric circuit convertible between a potentiostat circuit and a galvanostat circuit connected to the electrochemical sensor for providing an excitation voltage to a first electrode of the at least one electrode of the electrochemical sensor and generating thereby a first signal indicative of analyte concentrations; at least one signal converter connected to the convertible electric circuit; a microprocessor connected to the convertible electric circuit and the at least one signal converter; and a power supply for energizing the electric circuit.
Claim 54
Dependent Claim
108 words
A telemetry unit for implantation into a body connected to an electrochemical system having at least one electrode therein for detecting glucose concentrations, the telemetry unit comprising: an electric circuit convertible between a potentiostat circuit and a galvanostat circuit connected to the electrochemical sensor for providing an excitation voltage to a first electrode of the at least one electrode of the electrochemical sensor and generating thereby a first signal indicative of analyte concentrations; at least one signal converter connected to the convertible electric circuit; a microprocessor connected to the convertible electric circuit and the at least one signal converter; and a power supply for energizing the electric circuit.
Claim 55
Dependent Claim
254 words
An electrochemical system for detecting analyte concentrations in a body, the system comprising: an electrochemical sensor for implantation into the body including at least one electrode; a telemetry unit for implantation into the body including an electric circuit having a first operational amplifier having a first output terminal connected to a first electrode of the at least one electrode, means for switching the electric circuit between a potentiostat circuit and a galvanostat circuit providing thereby an excitation voltage to a first electrode of the at least one electrode of the electrochemical sensor and generating thereby a first signal indicative of glucose concentrations; wherein the first operational amplifier includes first and second input terminals connected to means for switching the electric circuit between a potentiostat circuit and a galvanostat circuit and a first feedback circuit having at least one electric device therein connected to a second electrode of the at least one electrode, the second input terminal and means for switching means the electric circuit between a potentiostat circuit and a galvanostat circuit; at least one signal converter connected to means for switching the electric circuit between a potentiostat circuit and a galvanostat circuit; a microprocessor connected to means for switching the electric circuit between a potentiostat circuit and a galvanostat circuit and to the at least one signal converter for controlling switching the electric circuit between a potentiostat circuit and a galvanostat circuit; at least one receiver for receiving the signal from the telemetry unit; and a power supply for energizing the electric circuit.
Claim 56
Dependent Claim
254 words
An electrochemical system for detecting analyte concentrations in a body, the system comprising: an electrochemical sensor for implantation into the body including at least one electrode; a telemetry unit for implantation into the body including an electric circuit having a first operational amplifier having a first output terminal connected to a first electrode of the at least one electrode, means for switching the electric circuit between a potentiostat circuit and a galvanostat circuit providing thereby an excitation voltage to a first electrode of the at least one electrode of the electrochemical sensor and generating thereby a first signal indicative of glucose concentrations; wherein the first operational amplifier includes first and second input terminals connected to means for switching the electric circuit between a potentiostat circuit and a galvanostat circuit and a first feedback circuit having at least one electric device therein connected to a second electrode of the at least one electrode, the second input terminal and means for switching means the electric circuit between a potentiostat circuit and a galvanostat circuit; at least one signal converter connected to means for switching the electric circuit between a potentiostat circuit and a galvanostat circuit; a microprocessor connected to means for switching the electric circuit between a potentiostat circuit and a galvanostat circuit and to the at least one signal converter for controlling switching the electric circuit between a potentiostat circuit and a galvanostat circuit; at least one receiver for receiving the signal from the telemetry unit; and a power supply for energizing the electric circuit.
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