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US6233347B1
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System method, and product for information embedding using an ensemble of non-intersecting embedding generators
Assignee: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
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Filing: 1998-12-07
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Granted: 2001-05-15
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Expires: 2018-12-07
Abstract
Abstract A system, method, and product are provided to (1) pre-process one or more primary signals to generate a transformed host-signal and/or a transformed watermark-signal; (2) embed one or more watermarked signals and/or transformed watermark signals into a host signal and/or the transformed host signal, thereby generating a composite signal, (2) optionally enable the composite signal to be transmitted over a communication channel, and (3) optionally extract the watermark signal from the transmitted composite signal. An embedding value may be the closest of all embedding values generated by an embedding generator to a host-signal value that is to be quantized. Embedding values may be based on a trellis-coded pre-determined relationship between embedding values, or on predetermined relationships based on lattice quantization. The method may also include a fourth step of extracting the first watermark-signal value from a composite-signal value to form a reconstructed watermark-signal value. The present invention may also implement adaptive embedding and, in some implementations, super-rate quantization. For example, the invention may be a system that includes an ensemble designator that designates a plurality of adaptive embedding generators, each corresponding to a single watermark-signal value of a co-processed group of one or more watermark-signal components. Also included in this implementation is an adaptive embedding value generator that generates, by each adaptive embedding generator, a plurality of adaptive embedding values.
Inventors
- 👤 Brian Chen
- 👤 Gregory W. Wornell
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-09 11:23
CPC Classifications
H; H04; H04H; H04H20/00; H04H20/28; H04H20/30; H04H20/31
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 29
Claim 1
Independent Claim
409 words
A system that watermarks a host signal with a watermark signal, the watermark signal comprising watermark-signal components, each having one of a plurality of watermark-signal values, and the host signal comprising host-signal components, each having one of a plurality of host-signal values, the system comprising: a pre-processor that operates on one or more primary-signal components of at least one primary signal to generate one or more transformed host-signal components and one or more transformed watermark-signal components; an ensemble designator that designates a plurality of embedding generators, each corresponding to a single watermark-signal value of a co-processed group of one or more transformed watermark-signal components; an embedding value generator that generates, by each embedding generator, a plurality of embedding values, the total of each plurality of embedding values comprising a first embedding-value set, wherein at least one embedding value generated by a first embedding generator is not the same as any embedding value generated by a second embedding generator; a point coder that sets at least one host-signal value of one or more selected transformed host-signal components to a first embedding value of a third embedding generator, thereby forming a composite-signal value, wherein the third embedding generator corresponds to a first watermark-signal value of the group of co-processed transformed watermark-signal components, and wherein the first embedding value is selected based at least in part on its proximity to the at least one host-signal value, and wherein at least one embedding interval of one embedding generator is not the same as any embedding interval of at least one other embedding generator; and an information extractor that extracts the first watermark-signal value from the first embedding value, said information extractor comprising: a synchronizer that acquires a composite signal including the composite-signal value; an ensemble replicator that replicates the first embedding-value set to form a second embedding-value set, each embedding value of the second embedding-value set having the same correspondence to a single watermark-signal value as has the one embedding value of the first embedding-value set from which it is replicated; a point decoder that selects a second embedding value, the second embedding value being an embedding value that is the closest of all embedding values of the second embedding-value set in distance to the composite-signal value of the second embedding-value set based on its proximity to the composite-signal value, and that sets the first watermark-signal value to a one of the plurality of watermark-signal values to which the second embedding value corresponds.
Claim 2
Independent Claim
409 words
A system that watermarks a host signal with a watermark signal, the watermark signal comprising watermark-signal components, each having one of a plurality of watermark-signal values, and the host signal comprising host-signal components, each having one of a plurality of host-signal values, the system comprising: a pre-processor that operates on one or more primary-signal components of at least one primary signal to generate one or more transformed host-signal components and one or more transformed watermark-signal components; an ensemble designator that designates a plurality of embedding generators, each corresponding to a single watermark-signal value of a co-processed group of one or more transformed watermark-signal components; an embedding value generator that generates, by each embedding generator, a plurality of embedding values, the total of each plurality of embedding values comprising a first embedding-value set, wherein at least one embedding value generated by a first embedding generator is not the same as any embedding value generated by a second embedding generator; a point coder that sets at least one host-signal value of one or more selected transformed host-signal components to a first embedding value of a third embedding generator, thereby forming a composite-signal value, wherein the third embedding generator corresponds to a first watermark-signal value of the group of co-processed transformed watermark-signal components, and wherein the first embedding value is selected based at least in part on its proximity to the at least one host-signal value, and wherein at least one embedding interval of one embedding generator is not the same as any embedding interval of at least one other embedding generator; and an information extractor that extracts the first watermark-signal value from the first embedding value, said information extractor comprising: a synchronizer that acquires a composite signal including the composite-signal value; an ensemble replicator that replicates the first embedding-value set to form a second embedding-value set, each embedding value of the second embedding-value set having the same correspondence to a single watermark-signal value as has the one embedding value of the first embedding-value set from which it is replicated; a point decoder that selects a second embedding value, the second embedding value being an embedding value that is the closest of all embedding values of the second embedding-value set in distance to the composite-signal value of the second embedding-value set based on its proximity to the composite-signal value, and that sets the first watermark-signal value to a one of the plurality of watermark-signal values to which the second embedding value corresponds.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
15 words
The method of claim 1 , wherein: the distance is determined by a Euclidean measure.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
16 words
The method of claim 1 , wherein: the distance is determined by a weighted Euclidean measure.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
15 words
The method of claim 1 , wherein: the distance is determined by a non-Euclidean measure.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
14 words
The system of claim 4 , wherein: the non-Euclidean measure is a minimum-probability-of-error measure.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
16 words
The system of claim 4 , wherein: the non-Euclidean measure is a maximum a posteriori measure.
Claim 8
Independent Claim
246 words
A system that watermarks a host signal with a watermark signal, the watermark signal comprising watermark-signal components, each having one of a plurality of watermark-signal values, and the host signal comprising host-signal components, each having one of a plurality of host-signal values, the system comprising: an ensemble designator that designates a plurality of adaptive embedding generators, each corresponding to a single watermark-signal value of a co-processed group of one or more watermark-signal components; an adaptive embedding value generator that generates, by each adaptive embedding generator, a plurality of adaptive embedding values, the total of each plurality of embedding values comprising a first embedding-value set comprising a plurality of embedding super-groups, wherein at least one embedding value generated by a first embedding generator is not the same as any embedding value generated by a second embedding generator; and a point coder that sets at least one host-signal value of one or more selected host-signal components to a first embedding value of a third embedding generator, thereby forming a composite-signal value, wherein the first embedding value is selected based at least in part on its being the furthest in a first embedding super-group from the host-signal value, wherein the first super-group comprises a plurality of embedding values of the third embedding generator that are each closer to the host-signal value than any other embedding value of the third embedding generator, wherein the third embedding generator corresponds to a first watermark-signal value of the group of co-processed watermark-signal components.
Claim 9
Independent Claim
246 words
A system that watermarks a host signal with a watermark signal, the watermark signal comprising watermark-signal components, each having one of a plurality of watermark-signal values, and the host signal comprising host-signal components, each having one of a plurality of host-signal values, the system comprising: an ensemble designator that designates a plurality of adaptive embedding generators, each corresponding to a single watermark-signal value of a co-processed group of one or more watermark-signal components; an adaptive embedding value generator that generates, by each adaptive embedding generator, a plurality of adaptive embedding values, the total of each plurality of embedding values comprising a first embedding-value set comprising a plurality of embedding super-groups, wherein at least one embedding value generated by a first embedding generator is not the same as any embedding value generated by a second embedding generator; and a point coder that sets at least one host-signal value of one or more selected host-signal components to a first embedding value of a third embedding generator, thereby forming a composite-signal value, wherein the first embedding value is selected based at least in part on its being the furthest in a first embedding super-group from the host-signal value, wherein the first super-group comprises a plurality of embedding values of the third embedding generator that are each closer to the host-signal value than any other embedding value of the third embedding generator, wherein the third embedding generator corresponds to a first watermark-signal value of the group of co-processed watermark-signal components.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
31 words
The system of claim 7 , wherein: at least one embedding interval of one embedding generator is not the same as any embedding interval of at least one other embedding generator.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
17 words
The system of claim 7 , wherein: the first super-group comprises a pre-selected number of embedding values.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
22 words
The system of claim 7 , wherein: the first super-group comprises a pre-selected number of embedding values, each having a pre-selected value.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
21 words
The system of claim 7 , wherein: the host-signal value is predicted based on at least one previously processed host-signal value.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
45 words
The system of claim 7 , wherein: the number of embedding values in the first super-group is adaptively determined based on statistical analysis of a likely value of the host-signal value in view of at least one other host signal value of the host signal.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
20 words
The system of claim 11 , wherein: the other host-signal value is determined before the first embedding value is selected.
Claim 16
Independent Claim
237 words
A method for watermarking a host signal with a watermark signal, the watermark signal comprising watermark-signal components, each having one of a plurality of watermark-signal values, and the host signal comprising host-signal components, each having one of a plurality of host-signal values, the method comprising: (1) designating a plurality of embedding generators, each corresponding to a single watermark-signal value of a co-processed group of one or more watermark-signal components; (2) generating, by each embedding generator, a plurality of embedding values, the total of each plurality of embedding values comprising a first embedding-value set, wherein at least one embedding value generated by a first embedding generator is not the same as any embedding value generated by a second embedding generator; (3) setting at least one host-signal value of one or more selected host-signal components to a first embedding value of a third embedding generator, thereby forming a composite-signal value of at least one composite-signal component, wherein the third embedding generator corresponds to a first watermark-signal value of the group of co-processed watermark-signal components, and wherein the first embedding value is an embedding value that is the closest of all embedding values of the third embedding generator in distance to the at least one host-signal value; (4) repeating steps 1, 2, and 3 for a plurality of iterations, wherein, for each iteration after a first iteration, at least one host-signal component comprises a composite-signal component of the previous iteration.
Claim 17
Independent Claim
237 words
A method for watermarking a host signal with a watermark signal, the watermark signal comprising watermark-signal components, each having one of a plurality of watermark-signal values, and the host signal comprising host-signal components, each having one of a plurality of host-signal values, the method comprising: (1) designating a plurality of embedding generators, each corresponding to a single watermark-signal value of a co-processed group of one or more watermark-signal components; (2) generating, by each embedding generator, a plurality of embedding values, the total of each plurality of embedding values comprising a first embedding-value set, wherein at least one embedding value generated by a first embedding generator is not the same as any embedding value generated by a second embedding generator; (3) setting at least one host-signal value of one or more selected host-signal components to a first embedding value of a third embedding generator, thereby forming a composite-signal value of at least one composite-signal component, wherein the third embedding generator corresponds to a first watermark-signal value of the group of co-processed watermark-signal components, and wherein the first embedding value is an embedding value that is the closest of all embedding values of the third embedding generator in distance to the at least one host-signal value; (4) repeating steps 1, 2, and 3 for a plurality of iterations, wherein, for each iteration after a first iteration, at least one host-signal component comprises a composite-signal component of the previous iteration.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
293 words
A computer system that watermarks a host signal with a watermark signal, the watermark signal comprising watermark-signal components, each having one of a plurality of watermark-signal values, and the host signal comprising host-signal components, each having one of a plurality of host-signal values, the computer system comprising: at least one embedding computer having an information embedder that embeds a watermark signal into a host signal, thereby creating a composite signal, the information embedder comprising: a pre-processor that operates on one or more primary-signal components of at least one primary signal to generate one or more transformed host-signal components and one or more transformed watermark-signal components; an ensemble designator that designates a plurality of embedding generators, each corresponding to a single transformed watermark-signal value of a co-processed group of one or more watermark-signal components; an embedding value generator that generates, by each embedding generator, a plurality of embedding values, the total of each plurality of embedding values comprising a first embedding-value set, wherein at least one embedding value generated by a first embedding generator is not the same as any embedding value generated by a second embedding generator; and a point coder that sets at least one host-signal value of one or more selected transformed host-signal components to a first embedding value of a third embedding generator, thereby forming a composite-signal value, wherein the third embedding generator corresponds to a first watermark-signal value of the group of co-processed transformed watermark-signal components, and wherein the first embedding value is an embedding value that is the closest of all embedding values of the third embedding generator in distance to the at least one host-signal value; and at least one extracting computer having an information extractor that extracts the first watermark-signal value from the first embedding value.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
293 words
A computer system that watermarks a host signal with a watermark signal, the watermark signal comprising watermark-signal components, each having one of a plurality of watermark-signal values, and the host signal comprising host-signal components, each having one of a plurality of host-signal values, the computer system comprising: at least one embedding computer having an information embedder that embeds a watermark signal into a host signal, thereby creating a composite signal, the information embedder comprising: a pre-processor that operates on one or more primary-signal components of at least one primary signal to generate one or more transformed host-signal components and one or more transformed watermark-signal components; an ensemble designator that designates a plurality of embedding generators, each corresponding to a single transformed watermark-signal value of a co-processed group of one or more watermark-signal components; an embedding value generator that generates, by each embedding generator, a plurality of embedding values, the total of each plurality of embedding values comprising a first embedding-value set, wherein at least one embedding value generated by a first embedding generator is not the same as any embedding value generated by a second embedding generator; and a point coder that sets at least one host-signal value of one or more selected transformed host-signal components to a first embedding value of a third embedding generator, thereby forming a composite-signal value, wherein the third embedding generator corresponds to a first watermark-signal value of the group of co-processed transformed watermark-signal components, and wherein the first embedding value is an embedding value that is the closest of all embedding values of the third embedding generator in distance to the at least one host-signal value; and at least one extracting computer having an information extractor that extracts the first watermark-signal value from the first embedding value.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
294 words
A computer system that watermarks a host signal with a watermark signal, the watermark signal comprising watermark-signal components, each having one of a plurality of watermark-signal values, and the host signal comprising host-signal components, each having one of a plurality of host-signal values, the computer system comprising: at least one embedding computer having an information embedder that embeds a watermark signal into a host signal, thereby creating a composite signal, the information embedder comprising: a pre-processor that operates on one or more primary-signal components of at least one primary signal and one or more supplemental-signal components of a supplemental signal to generate one or more transformed host-signal components; an ensemble designator that designates a plurality of embedding generators, each corresponding to a single watermark-signal value of a co-processed group of one or more watermark-signal components; an embedding value generator that generates, by each embedding generator, a plurality of embedding values, the total of each plurality of embedding values comprising a first embedding-value set, wherein at least one embedding value generated by a first embedding generator is not the same as any embedding value generated by a second embedding generator; and a point coder that sets at least one host-signal value of one or more selected transformed host-signal components to a first embedding value of a third embedding generator, thereby forming a composite-signal value, wherein the third embedding generator corresponds to a first watermark-signal value of the group of co-processed watermark-signal components, and wherein the first embedding value is an embedding value that is the closest of all embedding values of the third embedding generator in distance to the at least one host-signal value; and at least one extracting computer having an information extractor that extracts the first watermark-signal value from the first embedding value.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
294 words
A computer system that watermarks a host signal with a watermark signal, the watermark signal comprising watermark-signal components, each having one of a plurality of watermark-signal values, and the host signal comprising host-signal components, each having one of a plurality of host-signal values, the computer system comprising: at least one embedding computer having an information embedder that embeds a watermark signal into a host signal, thereby creating a composite signal, the information embedder comprising: a pre-processor that operates on one or more primary-signal components of at least one primary signal and one or more supplemental-signal components of a supplemental signal to generate one or more transformed host-signal components; an ensemble designator that designates a plurality of embedding generators, each corresponding to a single watermark-signal value of a co-processed group of one or more watermark-signal components; an embedding value generator that generates, by each embedding generator, a plurality of embedding values, the total of each plurality of embedding values comprising a first embedding-value set, wherein at least one embedding value generated by a first embedding generator is not the same as any embedding value generated by a second embedding generator; and a point coder that sets at least one host-signal value of one or more selected transformed host-signal components to a first embedding value of a third embedding generator, thereby forming a composite-signal value, wherein the third embedding generator corresponds to a first watermark-signal value of the group of co-processed watermark-signal components, and wherein the first embedding value is an embedding value that is the closest of all embedding values of the third embedding generator in distance to the at least one host-signal value; and at least one extracting computer having an information extractor that extracts the first watermark-signal value from the first embedding value.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
242 words
Storage media that contains software that, when executed on an appropriate computing system, performs a method for watermarking a host signal with a watermark signal, the watermark signal comprising watermark-signal components, each having one of a plurality of watermark-signal values, and the host signal comprising host-signal components, each having one of a plurality of host-signal values, the method comprising: (1) pre-processing one or more primary-signal components of at least one primary signal to generate one or more transformed host-signal components and one or more transformed watermark-signal components; (2) designating a plurality of embedding generators, each corresponding to a single watermark-signal value of a co-processed group of one or more watermark-signal components; (3) generating, by each embedding generator, a plurality of embedding values, the total of each plurality of embedding values comprising a first embedding-value set, wherein at least one embedding value generated by a first embedding generator is not the same as any embedding value generated by a second embedding generator; (4) setting at least one host-signal value of one or more selected transformed host-signal components to a first embedding value of a third embedding generator, thereby forming a composite-signal value, wherein the third embedding generator corresponds to a first watermark-signal value of the group of co-processed transformed watermark-signal components, and wherein the first embedding value is an embedding value that is the closest of all embedding values of the third embedding generator in distance to the at least one host-signal value.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
242 words
Storage media that contains software that, when executed on an appropriate computing system, performs a method for watermarking a host signal with a watermark signal, the watermark signal comprising watermark-signal components, each having one of a plurality of watermark-signal values, and the host signal comprising host-signal components, each having one of a plurality of host-signal values, the method comprising: (1) pre-processing one or more primary-signal components of at least one primary signal to generate one or more transformed host-signal components and one or more transformed watermark-signal components; (2) designating a plurality of embedding generators, each corresponding to a single watermark-signal value of a co-processed group of one or more watermark-signal components; (3) generating, by each embedding generator, a plurality of embedding values, the total of each plurality of embedding values comprising a first embedding-value set, wherein at least one embedding value generated by a first embedding generator is not the same as any embedding value generated by a second embedding generator; (4) setting at least one host-signal value of one or more selected transformed host-signal components to a first embedding value of a third embedding generator, thereby forming a composite-signal value, wherein the third embedding generator corresponds to a first watermark-signal value of the group of co-processed transformed watermark-signal components, and wherein the first embedding value is an embedding value that is the closest of all embedding values of the third embedding generator in distance to the at least one host-signal value.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
244 words
Storage media that contains software that, when executed on an appropriate computing system, performs a method for watermarking a host signal with a watermark signal, the watermark signal comprising watermark-signal components, each having one of a plurality of watermark-signal values, and the host signal comprising host-signal components, each having one of a plurality of host-signal values, the method comprising: (1) pre-processing one or more primary-signal components of at least one primary signal and one or more supplemental-signal components of a supplemental signal to generate one or more transformed host-signal components; (2) designating a plurality of embedding generators, each corresponding to a single watermark-signal value of a co-processed group of one or more watermark-signal components; (3) generating, by each embedding generator, a plurality of embedding values, the total of each plurality of embedding values comprising a first embedding-value set, wherein at least one embedding value generated by a first embedding generator is not the same as any embedding value generated by a second embedding generator; (4) setting at least one host-signal value of one or more selected transformed host-signal components to a first embedding value of a third embedding generator, thereby forming a composite-signal value, wherein the third embedding generator corresponds to a first watermark-signal value of the group of co-processed watermark-signal components, and wherein the first embedding value is an embedding value that is the closest of all embedding values of the third embedding generator in distance to the at least one host-signal value.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
244 words
Storage media that contains software that, when executed on an appropriate computing system, performs a method for watermarking a host signal with a watermark signal, the watermark signal comprising watermark-signal components, each having one of a plurality of watermark-signal values, and the host signal comprising host-signal components, each having one of a plurality of host-signal values, the method comprising: (1) pre-processing one or more primary-signal components of at least one primary signal and one or more supplemental-signal components of a supplemental signal to generate one or more transformed host-signal components; (2) designating a plurality of embedding generators, each corresponding to a single watermark-signal value of a co-processed group of one or more watermark-signal components; (3) generating, by each embedding generator, a plurality of embedding values, the total of each plurality of embedding values comprising a first embedding-value set, wherein at least one embedding value generated by a first embedding generator is not the same as any embedding value generated by a second embedding generator; (4) setting at least one host-signal value of one or more selected transformed host-signal components to a first embedding value of a third embedding generator, thereby forming a composite-signal value, wherein the third embedding generator corresponds to a first watermark-signal value of the group of co-processed watermark-signal components, and wherein the first embedding value is an embedding value that is the closest of all embedding values of the third embedding generator in distance to the at least one host-signal value.
Claim 26
Independent Claim
228 words
A method for watermarking a host signal with a watermark signal, the watermark signal comprising watermark-signal components, each having one of a plurality of watermark-signal values, and the host signal comprising host-signal components, each having one of a plurality of host-signal values, the method comprising: (1) pre-processing one or more primary-signal components of at least one primary signal to generate one or more transformed host-signal components and one or more transformed watermark-signal components; (2) designating a plurality of embedding generators, each corresponding to a single watermark-signal value of a co-processed group of one or more watermark-signal components; (3) generating, by each embedding generator, a plurality of embedding values, the total of each plurality of embedding values comprising a first embedding-value set, wherein at least one embedding value generated by a first embedding generator is not the same as any embedding value generated by a second embedding generator; (4) setting at least one host-signal value of one or more selected transformed host-signal components to a first embedding value of a third embedding generator, thereby forming a composite-signal value, wherein the third embedding generator corresponds to a first watermark-signal value of the group of co-processed transformed watermark-signal components, and wherein the first embedding value is an embedding value that is the closest of all embedding values of the third embedding generator in distance to the at least one host-signal value.
Claim 27
Independent Claim
228 words
A method for watermarking a host signal with a watermark signal, the watermark signal comprising watermark-signal components, each having one of a plurality of watermark-signal values, and the host signal comprising host-signal components, each having one of a plurality of host-signal values, the method comprising: (1) pre-processing one or more primary-signal components of at least one primary signal to generate one or more transformed host-signal components and one or more transformed watermark-signal components; (2) designating a plurality of embedding generators, each corresponding to a single watermark-signal value of a co-processed group of one or more watermark-signal components; (3) generating, by each embedding generator, a plurality of embedding values, the total of each plurality of embedding values comprising a first embedding-value set, wherein at least one embedding value generated by a first embedding generator is not the same as any embedding value generated by a second embedding generator; (4) setting at least one host-signal value of one or more selected transformed host-signal components to a first embedding value of a third embedding generator, thereby forming a composite-signal value, wherein the third embedding generator corresponds to a first watermark-signal value of the group of co-processed transformed watermark-signal components, and wherein the first embedding value is an embedding value that is the closest of all embedding values of the third embedding generator in distance to the at least one host-signal value.
Claim 28
Independent Claim
230 words
A method for watermarking a host signal with a watermark signal, the watermark signal comprising watermark-signal components, each having one of a plurality of watermark-signal values, and the host signal comprising host-signal components, each having one of a plurality of host-signal values, the method comprising: (1) pre-processing one or more primary-signal components of at least one primary signal and one or more supplemental-signal components of a supplemental signal to generate one or more transformed host-signal components; (2) designating a plurality of embedding generators, each corresponding to a single watermark-signal value of a co-processed group of one or more watermark-signal components; (3) generating, by each embedding generator, a plurality of embedding values, the total of each plurality of embedding values comprising a first embedding-value set, wherein at least one embedding value generated by a first embedding generator is not the same as any embedding value generated by a second embedding generator; (4) setting at least one host-signal value of one or more selected transformed host-signal components to a first embedding value of a third embedding generator, thereby forming a composite-signal value, wherein the third embedding generator corresponds to a first watermark-signal value of the group of co-processed watermark-signal components, and wherein the first embedding value is an embedding value that is the closest of all embedding values of the third embedding generator in distance to the at least one host-signal value.
Claim 29
Independent Claim
230 words
A method for watermarking a host signal with a watermark signal, the watermark signal comprising watermark-signal components, each having one of a plurality of watermark-signal values, and the host signal comprising host-signal components, each having one of a plurality of host-signal values, the method comprising: (1) pre-processing one or more primary-signal components of at least one primary signal and one or more supplemental-signal components of a supplemental signal to generate one or more transformed host-signal components; (2) designating a plurality of embedding generators, each corresponding to a single watermark-signal value of a co-processed group of one or more watermark-signal components; (3) generating, by each embedding generator, a plurality of embedding values, the total of each plurality of embedding values comprising a first embedding-value set, wherein at least one embedding value generated by a first embedding generator is not the same as any embedding value generated by a second embedding generator; (4) setting at least one host-signal value of one or more selected transformed host-signal components to a first embedding value of a third embedding generator, thereby forming a composite-signal value, wherein the third embedding generator corresponds to a first watermark-signal value of the group of co-processed watermark-signal components, and wherein the first embedding value is an embedding value that is the closest of all embedding values of the third embedding generator in distance to the at least one host-signal value.
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| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
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| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 2004-05-14 | 2004-11-13 | 2005-05-15 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 2008-05-14 | 2008-11-13 | 2009-05-15 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2012-05-14 | 2012-11-13 | 2013-05-15 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |