Perylene compounds and pigment preparations

Claim 2

A perylene compound of formula (I) in which Z 1 is a radical of formula (Ia) —[X—Y] q —[X 1 —Y 1 ] r —[X 2 —NH] s H  (Ia) in which X, X 1 and X 2 are identical or different and are a branched or unbranched C 2 -C 6 -alkylene radical or a C 5 -C 7 -cycloalkylene radical which are optionally substituted by from 1 to 4 C 1 -C 4 -alkyl radicals, hydroxyl radicals, hydroxyalkyl radicals having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or by from 1 to 2 C 5 -C 7 cycloalkyl radicals or are substituted by a combination thereof; Y is an —NH—, —O—or —N(C 1 -C 6 -alkyl) group, Y 1 is —NH—or —O—, q is a number from 1 to 6, r and s independently of one another are a number from 0 to 6, but are not simultaneously zero, and s is different from zero, if Y 1 is —O—; and Z is defined as Z 1 , Z 2 , or Z 3 , where Z 2 is a radical of the formula (Ib) —[X—O] q1 —[X 1 —O] q H  (Ib) in which q1 is a number from 0 to 6, and Z 3 is hydrogen, hydroxyl, amino or unsubstituted C 1 -C 8 -alkyl or C 1 -C 8 -alkyl substituted by from 1 to 4 substituents from the group consisting of Cl, Br, CN, OH, C 6 H 5 , carbamoyl, C 1 -C 4 -acyl, C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy and NR 2 R 3 , or is perfluorinated or partly fluorinated, and where R 2 and R 3 independently of one another are a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted or partly fluorinated or perfluorinated alkyl group of 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted or partly fluorinated or perfluorinated alkenyl group of 2 to 20 carbon atoms, where the substituents are hydroxyl, phenyl, cyano, chloro, bromo, C 2 -C 4 -acyl or C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy, or R 2 and R 3 , together with the adjacent nitrogen atom, form a saturated, unsaturated or aromatic heterocyclic ring which optionally contains a further nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur atom in the ring.

Claim 3

The perylene compound as claimed in claim 1 , wherein X, X 1 and X 2 are a C 2 -C 4 -alkylene radical or cyclohexylene.

Claim 4

The perylene compound as claimed in claim 1 , wherein Z 1 is —(CH 2 ) 3 —NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —NH 2 , —(CH 2 ) 2 —NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —NH 2 , —(CH 2 ) 3 —NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —NH 2 , —(CH 2 ) 3 —N(CH 3 )—(CH 2 ) 3 —NH 2 , —(CH 2 ) 3 —O—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—(CH 2 ) 3 —NH 2 , —(CH 2 ) 3 —O—(CH 2 ) 3 —O—(CH 2 ) 3 —NH 2 , —(CH 2 ) 2 —NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —NH 2 , —(CH 2 ) 3 —NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —NH 2 , —(CH 2 ) 2 —NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —NH 2 , —(CH 2 —CH 2 —NH) 4 —H, —(CH 2 —CH 2 —NH) 5 —H or —(CH 2 ) 3 —O—(CH 2 ) 4 —O—(CH 2 ) 3 —NH 2 .

Claim 5

The perylene compound as claimed in claim 1 , wherein Z 3 is hydrogen, benzyl, C 1 -C 6 -alkyl or a C 2 -C 6 -alkyl which is substituted by from 1 to 2 substituents selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl, acetyl, methoxy and ethoxy.

Claim 6

The perylene compound as claimed in claim 1 , wherein Z 3 is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, propyl butyl, benzyl, hydroxyethyl, hydroxypropyl or methoxypropyl.

Claim 7

A perylene compound as claimed in claim 4 , wherein Z 3 is a radical of the group —(CH 2 ) n —NR 2 R 3 in which n is a number from 1 to 6, and R 2 and R 3 independently of one another are a hydrogen atom, a C 1 -C 6 -alkyl group, a C 1 -C 6 -alkyl group which is substituted by from 1 to 2 substituents from the group consisting of hydroxyl, acetyl, methoxy, ethoxy, chloro and bromo, or R 2 and R 3 , together with the adjacent nitrogen atom, form an imidazolyl, piperidinyl, morpholinyl, pipecolinyl, pyrrolyl, pyrrolidinyl, pyrazolyl or piperazinyl ring.

Claim 8

The perylene compound as claimed in claim 6 , wherein n is the number 2 or 3, and R 2 and R 3 are each a methyl or ethyl group or R 2 and R 3 , together with the nitrogen atom of the —(CH 2 )n—NR 2 R 3 group, form an imidazolyl, piperazinyl or morpholinyl radical.

Claim 9

The perylene compound as claimed in claim 1 , wherein Z 2 has one of the definitions —CH(CH 2 OH) 2 or —(CH 2 ) 2 —O—(CH 2 ) 2 OH.

Claim 10

The perylene compound as claimed in claim 1 , wherein Z 2 is a radical of the formula (Ib) and Z 3 is hydrogen, hydroxyl, amino or unsubstituted C 1 -C 8 -alkyl or C 1 -C 8 -alkyl substituted by from 1 to 4 substituents from the group consisting of Cl, Br, CN, OH, C 6 H 5 , carbamoyl, C 1 -C 4 -acyl and C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy or is perfluorinated or partly fluorinated.

Claim 11

A process for preparing a perylene compound of formula (I) in which Z 1 is a radical of formula (Ia) [X—Y] q —[X 1 —Y 1 ] r —[X 2 —NH] s H  (Ia) in which X, X 1 and X 2 are identical or different and are a branched or unbranched C 2 -C 6 -alkylene radical or a C 5 -C 7 -cycloalkylene radical which are optionally substituted by from 1 to 4 C 1 -C 4 -alkyl radicals, hydroxyl radicals, hydroxyalkyl radicals having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or by from 1 to 2 C 5 -C 7 -cycloalkyl radicals or are substituted by a combination thereof; Y is an —NH—, —O—or —N(C 1 -C 6 -alkyl) group, Y 1 is —NH—or —O—, q is a number from 1 to 6, r and s independently of one another are a number from 0 to 6, but are not simultaneously zero, and s is different from zero, if Y 1 is —O—; and Z is defined as Z 1 , Z 2 , or Z 3 , where Z 2 is a radical of the formula (Ib) —[X—O] q1 —[X 1 —O] q H  (Ib) in which q1 is a number from 0 to 6, and Z 3 is hydrogen, hydroxyl, amino or unsubstituted C 1 -C 8 -alkyl or C 1 -C 8 -alkyl substituted by from 1 to 4 substituents from the group consisting of Cl, Br, CN, OH, C 6 H 5 , carbamoyl, C 1 -C 4 -acyl, C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy and NR 2 R 3 , or is perfluorinated or partly fluorinated, and where R 2 and R 3 independently of one another are a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted or partly fluorinated or perfluorinated alkyl group of 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted or partly fluorinated or perfluorinated alkenyl group of 2 to 20 carbon atoms, where the substituents are hydroxyl, phenyl, cyano, chloro, bromo, C 2 -C 4 -acyl or C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy, or R 2 and R 3 , together with the adjacent nitrogen atom, form a saturated, unsaturated or aromatic heterocyclic ring which optionally contains a further nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur atom in the ring; the process comprising: reacting a perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic monoanhydride monoimide of the formula (IIa) with one or more amines of the formula (IIIa) or (IIIb) Z—NH 2 (IIIa) Z 1 —NH 2 (IIIb); or by reacting a perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic monoanhydride monoimide of the formula (IIb) with one or more amines of the formula (IIIb); or by reacting perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic dianhydride of the formula (IIc) with one or more amines of the formula (IIIb).

Claim 12

A process for preparing a perylene compound of formula (I) in which Z 1 is a radical of formula (Ia) [X—Y] q —[X 1 —Y 1 ] r —[X 2 —NH] s H  (Ia) in which X, X 1 and X 2 are identical or different and are a branched or unbranched C 2 -C 6 -alkylene radical or a C 5 -C 7 -cycloalkylene radical which are optionally substituted by from 1 to 4 C 1 -C 4 -alkyl radicals, hydroxyl radicals, hydroxyalkyl radicals having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or by from 1 to 2 C 5 -C 7 -cycloalkyl radicals or are substituted by a combination thereof; Y is an —NH—, —O—or —N(C 1 -C 6 -alkyl) group, Y 1 is —NH—or —O—, q is a number from 1 to 6, r and s independently of one another are a number from 0 to 6, but are not simultaneously zero, and s is different from zero, if Y 1 is —O—; and Z is defined as Z 1 , Z 2 , or Z 3 , where Z 2 is a radical of the formula (Ib) —[X—O] q1 —[X 1 —O] q H  (Ib) in which q1 is a number from 0 to 6, and Z 3 is hydrogen, hydroxyl, amino or unsubstituted C 1 -C 8 -alkyl or C 1 -C 8 -alkyl substituted by from 1 to 4 substituents from the group consisting of Cl, Br, CN, OH, C 6 H 5 , carbamoyl, C 1 -C 4 -acyl, C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy and NR 2 R 3 , or is perfluorinated or partly fluorinated, and where R 2 and R 3 independently of one another are a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted or partly fluorinated or perfluorinated alkyl group of 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted or partly fluorinated or perfluorinated alkenyl group of 2 to 20 carbon atoms, where the substituents are hydroxyl, phenyl, cyano, chloro, bromo, C 2 -C 4 -acyl or C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy, or R 2 and R 3 , together with the adjacent nitrogen atom, form a saturated, unsaturated or aromatic heterocyclic ring which optionally contains a further nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur atom in the ring; the process comprising: reacting a perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic monoanhydride monoimide of the formula (IIa) with one or more amines of the formula (IIIa) or (IIIb) Z—NH 2 (IIIa) Z 1 —NH 2 (IIIb); or by reacting a perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic monoanhydride monoimide of the formula (IIb) with one or more amines of the formula (IIIb); or by reacting perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic dianhydride of the formula (IIc) with one or more amines of the formula (IIIb).

Claim 13

A pigment preparation comprising: a) at least one organic pigment selected from the group consisting of perylene pigment, perinone pigment, phthalocyanine pigment, dioxazine pigment, quinacridone pigment, azo pigment, anthraquinone pigment, aminoanthraquinone pigment, thioindigo pigment, diketopyrrolopyrrole pigment, flavanthrone pigment, indanthrone pigment, isoindoline pigment, isoindolinone pigment, anthrapyrimidine pigment, pyranthrone pigment, quinophthalone pigment, isovioanthrone pigment, triarylcarbonium pigment, carbon black pigment, anthanthrone pigment and a mixture thereof, and b) 0.5 to 40% by weight, based on the weight of the organic pigment, of at least one pigment dispersant of the formula (IV) in which the two radicals Z are identical or different and are defined as Z 1 , Z 2 , or Z 3 , where Z 1 is a radical of formula (Ia) —[X—Y] q —[X 1 —Y 1 ] r —[X 2 —NH] s H  (Ia) in which X, X 1 and X 2 are identical or different and are a branched or unbranched C 2 -C 6 -alkylene radical or a C 5 -C 7 -cycloalkylene radical which are optionally substituted by from 1 to 4 C 1 -C 4 -alkyl radicals, hydroxyl radicals, hydroxyalkyl radicals having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or by from 1 to 2 C 5 -C 7 -cycloalkyl radicals or are substituted by a combination thereof; Y is an —NH—, —O—or —N(C 1 -C 6 -alkyl) group, Y 1 is —NH—or —O—, q is a number from 1 to 6, r and s independently of one another are a number from 0 to 6, but are not simultaneously zero, and s is different from zero, if Y 1 is —O—; and Z 2 is a radical of the formula (Ib) —[X—O] q1 —[X 1 —O] q H  (Ib) in which q1 is a number from 0 to 6, and Z 3 is hydrogen, hydroxyl, amino or unsubstituted C 1 -C 8 -alkyl or C 1 -C 8 -alkyl substituted by from 1 to 4 substituents from the group consisting of Cl, Br, CN, OH, C 6 H 5 , carbamoyl, C 1 -C 4 -acyl, C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy and NR 2 R 3 , or is perfluorinated or partly fluorinated, and where R 2 and R 3 independently of one another are a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted or partly fluorinated or perfluorinated alkyl group of 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted or partly fluorinated or perfluorinated alkenyl group of 2 to 20 carbon atoms, where the substituents can be hydroxyl, phenyl, cyano, chloro, bromo, C 2 -C 4 -acyl or C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy, or R 2 and R 3 , together with the adjacent nitrogen atom, form a saturated, unsaturated or aromatic heterocyclic ring which optionally contains a further nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur atom in the ring; with the proviso that the two radicals Z are not simultaneously Z 3 .

Claim 14

A pigment preparation comprising: a) at least one organic pigment selected from the group consisting of perylene pigment, perinone pigment, phthalocyanine pigment, dioxazine pigment, quinacridone pigment, azo pigment, anthraquinone pigment, aminoanthraquinone pigment, thioindigo pigment, diketopyrrolopyrrole pigment, flavanthrone pigment, indanthrone pigment, isoindoline pigment, isoindolinone pigment, anthrapyrimidine pigment, pyranthrone pigment, quinophthalone pigment, isovioanthrone pigment, triarylcarbonium pigment, carbon black pigment, anthanthrone pigment and a mixture thereof, and b) 0.5 to 40% by weight, based on the weight of the organic pigment, of at least one pigment dispersant of the formula (IV) in which the two radicals Z are identical or different and are defined as Z 1 , Z 2 , or Z 3 , where Z 1 is a radical of formula (Ia) —[X—Y] q —[X 1 —Y 1 ] r —[X 2 —NH] s H  (Ia) in which X, X 1 and X 2 are identical or different and are a branched or unbranched C 2 -C 6 -alkylene radical or a C 5 -C 7 -cycloalkylene radical which are optionally substituted by from 1 to 4 C 1 -C 4 -alkyl radicals, hydroxyl radicals, hydroxyalkyl radicals having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or by from 1 to 2 C 5 -C 7 -cycloalkyl radicals or are substituted by a combination thereof; Y is an —NH—, —O—or —N(C 1 -C 6 -alkyl) group, Y 1 is —NH—or —O—, q is a number from 1 to 6, r and s independently of one another are a number from 0 to 6, but are not simultaneously zero, and s is different from zero, if Y 1 is —O—; and Z 2 is a radical of the formula (Ib) —[X—O] q1 —[X 1 —O] q H  (Ib) in which q1 is a number from 0 to 6, and Z 3 is hydrogen, hydroxyl, amino or unsubstituted C 1 -C 8 -alkyl or C 1 -C 8 -alkyl substituted by from 1 to 4 substituents from the group consisting of Cl, Br, CN, OH, C 6 H 5 , carbamoyl, C 1 -C 4 -acyl, C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy and NR 2 R 3 , or is perfluorinated or partly fluorinated, and where R 2 and R 3 independently of one another are a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted or partly fluorinated or perfluorinated alkyl group of 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted or partly fluorinated or perfluorinated alkenyl group of 2 to 20 carbon atoms, where the substituents can be hydroxyl, phenyl, cyano, chloro, bromo, C 2 -C 4 -acyl or C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy, or R 2 and R 3 , together with the adjacent nitrogen atom, form a saturated, unsaturated or aromatic heterocyclic ring which optionally contains a further nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur atom in the ring; with the proviso that the two radicals Z are not simultaneously Z 3 .

Claim 15

The Pigment Preparation as claimed in claim 11 consisting essentially of a) from 40 to 99.5% by weight of at least one pigment, b) from 0.5 to 40% by weight of at least one pigment dispersant of the formula (IV), c) from 0 to 20% by weight of surface-active agents, and d) from 0 to 20% by weight of other customary additives, the proportions of the respective components being based on the overall weight of the preparation (100% by weight).

Claim 16

A method of coloring high molecular mass organic materials of natural or synthetic origin comprising adding 0.1 to 10% by weight, based on the weight of the high molecular mass organic material to be colored, of a pigment preparation as defined in claim 11 into said organic material which is in the form of plastic masses, melts, spinning solutions, varnishes, paints, printing inks, electrophotographic toners, powder coating materials or inkjet inks.

Claim 17

A prepared pigment formulation consisting essentially of a pigment preparation as set forth in claim 11 , and a high molecular mass organic material which is in the form of plastic masses, melts, spinning solutions, varnishes, paints, printing inks, electrophotographic toners, powder coating materials or inkjet inks.

Claim 18

A pigment preparation comprising: a) at least one organic pigment selected from the group consisting of perylene pigment, perinone pigment, phthalocyanine pigment, dioxazine pigment, quinacridone pigment, azo pigment, anthraquinone pigment, aminoanthraquinone pigment, thioindigo pigment, diketopyrrolopyrrole pigment, flavanthrone pigment, indanthrone pigment, isoindoline pigment, isoindolinone pigment, anthrapyrimidine pigment, pyranthrone pigment, quinophthalone pigment, isovioanthrone pigment, triarylcarbonium pigment, carbon black pigment, anthanthrone pigment and a mixture thereof, b1) 0.5 to 40% by weight, based on the weight of the organic pigment, of a pigment dispersant of the formula (IX) and b2) 0.5 to 40% by weight, based on the weight of the organic pigment, of a pigment dispersant of the formula (X) wherein the proportion of the pigment dispersant of the formula (IX) to the pigment dispersant of the formula (X) is between 1:10 and 10:1 parts by weight.

Claim 19

A pigment preparation comprising: a) at least one organic pigment selected from the group consisting of perylene pigment, perinone pigment, phthalocyanine pigment, dioxazine pigment, quinacridone pigment, azo pigment, anthraquinone pigment, aminoanthraquinone pigment, thioindigo pigment, diketopyrrolopyrrole pigment, flavanthrone pigment, indanthrone pigment, isoindoline pigment, isoindolinone pigment, anthrapyrimidine pigment, pyranthrone pigment, quinophthalone pigment, isovioanthrone pigment, triarylcarbonium pigment, carbon black pigment, anthanthrone pigment and a mixture thereof, b1) 0.5 to 40% by weight, based on the weight of the organic pigment, of a pigment dispersant of the formula (IX) and b2) 0.5 to 40% by weight, based on the weight of the organic pigment, of a pigment dispersant of the formula (X) wherein the proportion of the pigment dispersant of the formula (IX) to the pigment dispersant of the formula (X) is between 1:10 and 10:1 parts by weight.

Claim 20

A process for preparing a pigment preparation, wherein the pigment preparation is comprised of: a) at least one organic pigment selected from the group consisting of perylene pigment, perinone pigment, phthalocyanine pigment, dioxazine pigment, quinacridone pigment, azo pigment, anthraquinone pigment, aminoanthraquinone pigment, thioindigo pigment, diketopyrrolopyrrole pigment, flavanthrone pigment, indanthrone pigment, isoindoline pigment, isoindolinone pigment, anthrapyrimidine pigment, pyranthrone pigment, quinophthalone pigment, isovioanthrone pigment, triarylcarbonium pigment, carbon black pigment, anthanthrone pigment and a mixture thereof, and b) 0.5 to 40 % by weight, based on the weight of the organic pigment, of at least one pigment dispersant of the formula (IV) in which the two radicals Z are identical or different and are defined as Z 1 , Z 2 , or Z 3 , where Z 1 is a radical of formula (Ia) —[X—Y] q —[X 1 —Y 1 ] r —[X 2 —NH] s H  (Ia) in which X, X 1 and X 2 are identical or different and are a branched or unbranched C 2 -C 6 -alkylene radical or a C 5 -C 7 -cycloalkylene radical which are optionally substituted by from 1 to 4 C 1 -C 4 -alkyl radicals, hydroxyl radicals, hydroxyalkyl radicals having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or by from 1 to 2 C 5 -C 7 -cycloalkyl radicals or are substituted by a combination thereof; Y is an —NH—, —O—or —N(C 1 -C 6 -alkyl) group, Y 1 is —NH—or —O—, q is a number from 1 to 6, r and s independently of one another are a number from 0 to 6, but are not simultaneously zero, and s is different from zero, if Y 1 is —O—; and Z 2 is a radical of the formula (Ib) —[X—O] q1 —[X 1 —O] q H  (Ib) in which q1 is a number from 0 to 6, and Z 3 is hydrogen, hydroxyl, amino or unsubstituted C 1 -C 8 -alkyl or C 1 -C 8 -alkyl substituted by from 1 to 4 substituents from the group consisting of Cl, Br, CN, OH, C6H 5 , carbamoyl, C 1 -C 4 -acyl, C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy and NR 2 R 3 , or is perfluorinated or partly fluorinated, and where R 2 and R 3 independently of one another are a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted or partly fluorinated or perfluorinated alkyl group of 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted or partly fluorinated or perfluorinated alkenyl group of 2 to 20 carbon atoms, where the substituents can be hydroxyl, phenyl, cyano, chloro, bromo, C 2 -C 4 -acyl or C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy, or R 2 and R 3 , together with the adjacent nitrogen atom, form a saturated, unsaturated or aromatic heterocyclic ring which optionally contains a further nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur atom in the ring; with the proviso that the two radicals Z are not simultaneously Z 3 ; said process comprising: adding the pigment dispersant of the formula (IV) prior to, during or after synthesis of the pigment; or adding the pigment dispersant of the formula (IV) prior to, during or after fine division of the pigment; or adding the pigment dispersant of the formula (IV) prior to, during or after solvent treatment of the pigment.

Claim 21

A process for preparing a pigment preparation, wherein the pigment preparation is comprised of: a) at least one organic pigment selected from the group consisting of perylene pigment, perinone pigment, phthalocyanine pigment, dioxazine pigment, quinacridone pigment, azo pigment, anthraquinone pigment, aminoanthraquinone pigment, thioindigo pigment, diketopyrrolopyrrole pigment, flavanthrone pigment, indanthrone pigment, isoindoline pigment, isoindolinone pigment, anthrapyrimidine pigment, pyranthrone pigment, quinophthalone pigment, isovioanthrone pigment, triarylcarbonium pigment, carbon black pigment, anthanthrone pigment and a mixture thereof, and b) 0.5 to 40 % by weight, based on the weight of the organic pigment, of at least one pigment dispersant of the formula (IV) in which the two radicals Z are identical or different and are defined as Z 1 , Z 2 , or Z 3 , where Z 1 is a radical of formula (Ia) —[X—Y] q —[X 1 —Y 1 ] r —[X 2 —NH] s H  (Ia) in which X, X 1 and X 2 are identical or different and are a branched or unbranched C 2 -C 6 -alkylene radical or a C 5 -C 7 -cycloalkylene radical which are optionally substituted by from 1 to 4 C 1 -C 4 -alkyl radicals, hydroxyl radicals, hydroxyalkyl radicals having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or by from 1 to 2 C 5 -C 7 -cycloalkyl radicals or are substituted by a combination thereof; Y is an —NH—, —O—or —N(C 1 -C 6 -alkyl) group, Y 1 is —NH—or —O—, q is a number from 1 to 6, r and s independently of one another are a number from 0 to 6, but are not simultaneously zero, and s is different from zero, if Y 1 is —O—; and Z 2 is a radical of the formula (Ib) —[X—O] q1 —[X 1 —O] q H  (Ib) in which q1 is a number from 0 to 6, and Z 3 is hydrogen, hydroxyl, amino or unsubstituted C 1 -C 8 -alkyl or C 1 -C 8 -alkyl substituted by from 1 to 4 substituents from the group consisting of Cl, Br, CN, OH, C6H 5 , carbamoyl, C 1 -C 4 -acyl, C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy and NR 2 R 3 , or is perfluorinated or partly fluorinated, and where R 2 and R 3 independently of one another are a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted or partly fluorinated or perfluorinated alkyl group of 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted or partly fluorinated or perfluorinated alkenyl group of 2 to 20 carbon atoms, where the substituents can be hydroxyl, phenyl, cyano, chloro, bromo, C 2 -C 4 -acyl or C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy, or R 2 and R 3 , together with the adjacent nitrogen atom, form a saturated, unsaturated or aromatic heterocyclic ring which optionally contains a further nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur atom in the ring; with the proviso that the two radicals Z are not simultaneously Z 3 ; said process comprising: adding the pigment dispersant of the formula (IV) prior to, during or after synthesis of the pigment; or adding the pigment dispersant of the formula (IV) prior to, during or after fine division of the pigment; or adding the pigment dispersant of the formula (IV) prior to, during or after solvent treatment of the pigment.

Claim 22

The process as claimed in claim 16 , wherein the pigment dispersant, the organic pigment or both of them are combined in the form of a water-moist presscake or are mixed with one another as dry granules or powders.