Method for producing compounds containing fluorine, in particular fluorobenzaldhydes and fluorobenzonitriles

Claim 1

A process for preparing fluorine-containing compounds, which comprises reacting a compound containing one or more halogen atoms which can be replaced by fluorine with a fluoride of the formula I or a mixture of fluorides of the formula I KAT.sup.+ F.sup.- (I) where KAT + is an alkali metal ion, NH 4 + , an alkaline earth metal ion or a cation of the formula II A.sup.1 A.sup.2 A.sup.3 A.sup.4 N.sup.+ (II) where A 1 , A 2 , A 3 , A 4 are, independently of one another, identical or different and are each straight-chain or branched alkyl or alkenyl having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl having from 4 to 8 carbon atoms, aryl having from 6 to 12 carbon atoms or aralkyl having from 7 to 12 carbon atoms, in the presence of a compound or a mixture of compounds of the formula III ##STR29## where A 5 , A 6 , A 7 , A 8 , A 9 , A 10 , A 11 , A 12 are, independently of one another, identical or different and are each straight-chain or branched alkyl or alkenyl having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl having from 4 to 8 carbon atoms, aryl having from 6 to 12 carbon atoms, aralkyl having from 7 to 12 carbon atoms, or A 5 A 6 , A 7 A 8 , A 9 A 10 , A 11 A 12 are, independently of one another, identical or different and are bound to one another either directly or via O or N--A 13 to form a ring having from 3 to 7 ring atoms, A 13 is alkyl having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms and B - is a monovalent acid anion or the equivalent of a polyvalent acid anion, and in the presence of one or more compounds of the formulae IV encompassing IVa and/or IVb X--NO.sub.2 (IVa), X--SO--X' (IVb), where X and X' are, independently of one another, identical or different and are each substituted or unsubstituted (C 6 -C 18 )-aryl, substituted or unsubstituted (C 5 -C 18 )-aryloxy, substituted or unsubstituted (C 5 -C 18 )-arylthio, substituted or unsubstituted (C 7 -C 12 )-aralkyl or a radical of the formula V ##STR30## where R 1 , R 2 , R 3 are, independently of one another, identical or different and are each hydrogen, straight-chain or branched alkyl or alkenyl having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms or cycloalkyl having from 4 to 8 carbon atoms, in the presence or absence of a solvent at temperatures in the range from 40° C. to 260° C.