US6151405A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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System and method for cellular specimen grading
Assignee: Carl Zeiss Microscopy GmbH
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Filing: 1997-03-28
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Granted: 2000-11-21
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Expires: 2017-03-28
Abstract
Abstract The system and method for evaluating the amount of marker identifying precipitate in a cellular specimen on a microscope slide is disclosed. The automated microscope system performs a low magnification and high magnification scan of a cellular specimen to identify and confirm candidate objects of interest which correspond to cells containing a marker identifying precipitate. A regularly shaped area centered about a centroid computed for a candidate object of interest is used to define the pixels to be processed. A color ratio is computed for each pixel and those color ratios indicative of being dominated by the color corresponding to the marker identified precipitate are summed and normalized. The normalized color ratio is compared to at least one predetermined threshold to assign a grade to the candidate objects of interest. The grades for a predetermined number of candidate objects of interest are summed to form an aggregate score and the aggregate score is compared to a threshold. If the aggregate score exceeds a threshold, the candidate object of interest is determined to indicate the medical condition typically associated with the marker.
Inventors
- 👤 James Douglass
- 👤 Thomas J. Riding
- 👤 William J. Decker
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-09 10:38
CPC Classifications
G; G01; G01N; G01N15/00; G01N15/10; G01N15/14; G01N15/1429; G01N15/1433; G06; G06V; G06V20/00; G06V20/60; G06V20/69; G01N15/1456; G01N15/01; G01N2015/012; G01N2015/016; G01N15/1468; G01N2015/1472
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 36
Claim 1
Independent Claim
155 words
A method for evaluating the amount of a visually detectable marker identifying precipitate in a cellular specimen bound to a microscope slide comprising the steps of: obtaining a color digital image of a magnified view of a cellular specimen bound to microscope slide; processing the color digital image to identify a plurality of candidate objects of interest in the cellular specimen; identifying a centroid for identified candidate objects of interest in the plurality of candidate objects of interest; computing a color ratio of at least two color components for each pixel of an area centered about each identified centroid; computing an average color ratio for all pixels in the area centered about each centroid that have a computed color ratio that exceeds a predetermined color ratio threshold; and comparing the computed average color ratio to at least one intensity threshold to evaluate the amount of marker identifying precipitate in each area centered about each centroid.
Claim 2
Independent Claim
155 words
A method for evaluating the amount of a visually detectable marker identifying precipitate in a cellular specimen bound to a microscope slide comprising the steps of: obtaining a color digital image of a magnified view of a cellular specimen bound to microscope slide; processing the color digital image to identify a plurality of candidate objects of interest in the cellular specimen; identifying a centroid for identified candidate objects of interest in the plurality of candidate objects of interest; computing a color ratio of at least two color components for each pixel of an area centered about each identified centroid; computing an average color ratio for all pixels in the area centered about each centroid that have a computed color ratio that exceeds a predetermined color ratio threshold; and comparing the computed average color ratio to at least one intensity threshold to evaluate the amount of marker identifying precipitate in each area centered about each centroid.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
32 words
The method of claim 1, the color ratio computing step further comprising the steps of: computing a color ratio of a red pixel component to a green pixel component for each pixel.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
55 words
The method of claim 1, the color ratio computing step further comprising the step of: computing a color ratio of a difference between a first pixel color component and a second pixel color component to a sum of the first pixel color component and the second pixel color component for each pixel in the area.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
21 words
The method of claim 3 wherein the first pixel color component is red and the second pixel color component is green.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
41 words
The method of claim 3 wherein said comparing step compares the computed average color ratio is compared to a plurality of ordered thresholds to determine a grade for the amount of marker identifying precipitate in each area centered about each centroid.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
26 words
The method of claim 5 further comprising the step of: summing the grades for a plurality of areas to determine a score for the cellular specimen.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
30 words
The method of claim 6 wherein the cellular specimen score is the sum of the grades for one hundred areas centered about one hundred centroids identified in the cellular specimen.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
39 words
The method of claim 3 further comprising the step of: comparing the two color component difference to a noise threshold; and computing the color ratio in response to the two color component difference being greater than the noise threshold.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
51 words
The method of claim 3 further comprising the step of: comparing a color component for a pixel having a largest value to a white threshold and a color component for the pixel having a smallest value to a black threshold to determine whether a color ratio for the pixel is computed.
Claim 11
Independent Claim
147 words
A system for evaluating the amount of a visually detectable marker identifying precipitate in a cellular specimen bound to a microscope slide comprising: an image processor for obtaining a color digital image of a magnified view of a cellular specimen bound to microscope slide; means for identifying candidate objects of interest in the cellular specimen; means for identifying a centroid for each candidate object of interest; means for computing a color ratio of at least two color components for each pixel of an area centered about each identified centroid; means for computing an average color ratio for all pixels in the area centered about each centroid that have a computed color ratio that exceeds a predetermined ratio threshold; and means for comparing the computed average ratio to at least one intensity threshold to evaluate the amount of marker identifying precipitate in each area centered about each centroid.
Claim 12
Independent Claim
147 words
A system for evaluating the amount of a visually detectable marker identifying precipitate in a cellular specimen bound to a microscope slide comprising: an image processor for obtaining a color digital image of a magnified view of a cellular specimen bound to microscope slide; means for identifying candidate objects of interest in the cellular specimen; means for identifying a centroid for each candidate object of interest; means for computing a color ratio of at least two color components for each pixel of an area centered about each identified centroid; means for computing an average color ratio for all pixels in the area centered about each centroid that have a computed color ratio that exceeds a predetermined ratio threshold; and means for comparing the computed average ratio to at least one intensity threshold to evaluate the amount of marker identifying precipitate in each area centered about each centroid.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
29 words
The system of claim 8 wherein said means for computing a color ratio is a means for computing a ratio of red pixel component to a green pixel component.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
50 words
The system of claim 8 wherein said means for computing a color ratio is a means for computing a ratio of a difference between a first pixel color component and a second pixel color component to a sum of the first pixel color component and the second pixel color component.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
21 words
The system of claim 10 wherein the first pixel color component is red and the second pixel color component is green.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
43 words
The system of claim 10 wherein said means for comparing the computed average color ratio compares the computed average color ratio to a plurality of ordered thresholds to determine a grade for the amount of marker in each area centered about each centroid.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
25 words
The system of claim 12 further comprising: means for summing the grades for a plurality of areas to determine a score for the cellular specimen.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
27 words
The system of claim 13 wherein said means for summing sums the grades for one hundred areas centered about one hundred centroids identified in the cellular specimen.
Claim 19
Independent Claim
133 words
A method for evaluating the amount of a visually detectable marker identifying precipitate in a plurality of candidate objects of interest located in a digital image of a cellular specimen bound to a microscope slide comprising the steps of: identifying a centroid for each candidate object of interest in a plurality of candidate objects of interest; computing a color ratio of at least two color components for each pixel of an area centered about each identified centroid; computing an average color ratio for all pixels in the area centered about each centroid that have a computed color ratio that exceeds a predetermined color ratio threshold; and comparing the computed average color ratio to at least one intensity threshold to evaluate the amount of marker identifying precipitate in each area centered about each centroid.
Claim 20
Independent Claim
133 words
A method for evaluating the amount of a visually detectable marker identifying precipitate in a plurality of candidate objects of interest located in a digital image of a cellular specimen bound to a microscope slide comprising the steps of: identifying a centroid for each candidate object of interest in a plurality of candidate objects of interest; computing a color ratio of at least two color components for each pixel of an area centered about each identified centroid; computing an average color ratio for all pixels in the area centered about each centroid that have a computed color ratio that exceeds a predetermined color ratio threshold; and comparing the computed average color ratio to at least one intensity threshold to evaluate the amount of marker identifying precipitate in each area centered about each centroid.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
17 words
The method of claim 17 wherein the area centered about a centroid is a regularly shaped area.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
13 words
The method of claim 17 wherein the regularly shaped area is a parallelogram.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
55 words
The method of claim 17, the color ratio computing step further comprising the step of: computing a color ratio of a difference between a first pixel color component and a second pixel color component to a sum of the first pixel color component and the second pixel color component for each pixel in the area.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
21 words
The method of claim 19 wherein the first pixel color component is red and the second pixel color component is green.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
41 words
The method of claim 19 wherein said comparing step compares the computed average color ratio is compared to a plurality of ordered thresholds to determine a grade for the amount of marker identifying precipitate in each area centered about each centroid.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
26 words
The method of claim 21 further comprising the step of: summing the grades for a plurality of areas to determine a score for the cellular specimen.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
39 words
The method of claim 20 further comprising the step of: comparing the two color component difference to a noise threshold; and computing the color ratio in response to the two color component difference being greater than the noise threshold.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
51 words
The method of claim 20 further comprising the step of: comparing a color component for a pixel having a largest value to a white threshold and a color component for the pixel having a smallest value to a black threshold to determine whether a color ratio for the pixel is computed.
Claim 29
Independent Claim
142 words
A system for scoring the amount of a marker identifying precipitate in a cellular specimen bound to a microscope slide comprising: a color ratio generator for computing color ratios for pixels within an area centered about a centroid for a candidate object of interest in image data of a magnified view of the cellular specimen; a color ratio comparator for comparing the computed color ratios to a predetermined threshold to determine which color ratios are included in a normalized color ratio; a color ratio normalizer for generating a normalized color ratio; a grade generator for generating a grade for the candidate object of interest from the normalized color ratio; and a score generator for generating a score indicative of an amount of a marker identifying precipitate in the cellular specimen by summing grades for a predetermined number of candidate objects of interest.
Claim 30
Independent Claim
142 words
A system for scoring the amount of a marker identifying precipitate in a cellular specimen bound to a microscope slide comprising: a color ratio generator for computing color ratios for pixels within an area centered about a centroid for a candidate object of interest in image data of a magnified view of the cellular specimen; a color ratio comparator for comparing the computed color ratios to a predetermined threshold to determine which color ratios are included in a normalized color ratio; a color ratio normalizer for generating a normalized color ratio; a grade generator for generating a grade for the candidate object of interest from the normalized color ratio; and a score generator for generating a score indicative of an amount of a marker identifying precipitate in the cellular specimen by summing grades for a predetermined number of candidate objects of interest.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
31 words
The system of claim 26 said color ratio generator further comprising: a noise threshold used by the color ratio generator to determine whether a color ratio is computed for a pixel.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
37 words
The system of claim 26 said color ratio generator further comprising: a white threshold and a black threshold which are used by the color ratio generator to determine whether a color ratio is computed for a pixel.
Claim 33
Independent Claim
217 words
A method for evaluating the amount of a visually detectable marker identifying precipitate in a cellular specimen bound to a microscope slide comprising the steps of: obtaining a color digital image of a manified view of a cellular specimen bound to microscope slide; processing the color digital image to identify a plurality of candidate objects of interest in the cellular specimen; identifying a centroid for identified candidate objects of interest in the plurality of candidate objects of interest; computing a color ratio for a pixel in an area centered about each identified centroid in response to a largest color component value for the pixel being greater than a white threshold and a smallest color component value for the pixel being less than a black threshold, the color ratio being a ratio of a difference between a first pixel color component and a second pixel color component to a sum of the first pixel color component and the second pixel color component; computing an average color ratio for all pixels in the area centered about each centroid that have a computed color ratio that exceeds a predetermined color ratio threshold; and comparing the computed average color ratio to at least one intensity threshold to evaluate the amount of marker identifying precipitate in each area centered about each centroid.
Claim 34
Independent Claim
217 words
A method for evaluating the amount of a visually detectable marker identifying precipitate in a cellular specimen bound to a microscope slide comprising the steps of: obtaining a color digital image of a manified view of a cellular specimen bound to microscope slide; processing the color digital image to identify a plurality of candidate objects of interest in the cellular specimen; identifying a centroid for identified candidate objects of interest in the plurality of candidate objects of interest; computing a color ratio for a pixel in an area centered about each identified centroid in response to a largest color component value for the pixel being greater than a white threshold and a smallest color component value for the pixel being less than a black threshold, the color ratio being a ratio of a difference between a first pixel color component and a second pixel color component to a sum of the first pixel color component and the second pixel color component; computing an average color ratio for all pixels in the area centered about each centroid that have a computed color ratio that exceeds a predetermined color ratio threshold; and comparing the computed average color ratio to at least one intensity threshold to evaluate the amount of marker identifying precipitate in each area centered about each centroid.
Claim 35
Independent Claim
173 words
A system for scoring the amount of a marker identifying precipitate in a cellular specimen bound to a microscope slide comprising: a color ratio generator for computing color ratios for pixels within an area centered about a centroid for a candidate object of interest in image data of a magnified view of the cellular specimen, the color ratio generator having a white threshold and a black threshold that are used by the color ratio generator to determine whether a color ratio is computed for a pixel; a color ratio comparator for comparing the computed color ratios to a predetermined threshold to determine which color ratios are included in a normalized color ratio; a color ratio normalizer for generating a normalized color ratio; a grade generator for generating a grade for the candidate object of interest from the normalized color ratio; and a score generator for generating a score indicative of an amount of a marker identifying precipitate in the cellular specimen by summing grades for a predetermined number of candidate objects of interest.
Claim 36
Independent Claim
173 words
A system for scoring the amount of a marker identifying precipitate in a cellular specimen bound to a microscope slide comprising: a color ratio generator for computing color ratios for pixels within an area centered about a centroid for a candidate object of interest in image data of a magnified view of the cellular specimen, the color ratio generator having a white threshold and a black threshold that are used by the color ratio generator to determine whether a color ratio is computed for a pixel; a color ratio comparator for comparing the computed color ratios to a predetermined threshold to determine which color ratios are included in a normalized color ratio; a color ratio normalizer for generating a normalized color ratio; a grade generator for generating a grade for the candidate object of interest from the normalized color ratio; and a score generator for generating a score indicative of an amount of a marker identifying precipitate in the cellular specimen by summing grades for a predetermined number of candidate objects of interest.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 2003-11-21 | 2004-05-22 | 2004-11-21 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 2007-11-21 | 2008-05-22 | 2008-11-21 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2011-11-21 | 2012-05-22 | 2012-11-21 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |