Patent US6063633A successfully refreshed from Google Patents.
US6063633A
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US
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Catalyst testing process and apparatus
Assignee: University of Houston
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Filing: 1996-06-17
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Granted: 2000-05-16
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Expires: 2016-06-17
Abstract
Abstract A multicell holder e.g. a honeycomb or plate, or a collection of individual support particles, is treated with solutions/suspensions of catalyst ingredients to produce cells, spots or pellets holding each of a variety of combinations of the ingredients, is dried, calcined or treated as necessary to stabilize the ingredients in the cells, spots or pellets, then is contacted with a potentially reactive feed stream or batch e.g., biochemical, gas oil, hydrogen plus oxygen, propylene plus oxygen, CC12F2 and hydrogen, etc. The reaction occurring in each cell can be measured, e.g. by infrared thermography, spectroscopic detection of products or residual reactants, or by sampling, e.g. by multistreaming through low volume tubing, from the vicinity of each combination, followed by analysis e.g. spectral analysis, chromatography etc, or by observing temperature change in the vicinity of the catalyst e.g. by thermographic techniques, to determine the relative efficacy of the catalysts in each combination. Robotic techniques can be employed in producing the cells, spots, pellets, etc.
Inventors
- 👤 Richard C. Willson, III
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-28 15:07
CPC Classifications
G; G01; G01N; G01N31/00; G01N31/10; B; B01; B01J; B01J19/00; B01J19/0046; B01J2219/00; B01J2219/00274; B01J2219/00277; B01J2219/00279; B01J2219/00281; B01J2219/00286; B01J2219/00306; B01J2219/00313; B01J2219/00315; B01J2219/00351; B01J2219/00364; B01J2219/00497; B01J2219/00527; B01J2219/00583; B01J2219/00585; B01J2219/00596; B01J2219/00603; B01J2219/00659; B01J2219/0068; B01J2219/00686; B01J2219/00691; B01J2219/00702; B01J2219/00704; B01J2219/00718; B01J2219/00745; B01J2219/00747; C; C40; C40B; C40B30/00; C40B30/08; C40B40/00; C40B40/18; Y; Y10; Y10T; Y10T436/00; Y10T436/21; Y10T436/214; Y10T436/24
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 54
Claim 1
Independent Claim
124 words
A method of simultaneously testing a plurality of catalyst formulations to determine comparative catalytic activity of the formulations in the presence of a given reactant or reactant mixture comprising: a) supporting said plurality of catalyst formulations on at least one support b) fixing said formulations on said at least one support by optionally stabilizing said formulations; c) contacting said formulations with a common stream of the reactant or reactant mixture under reaction conditions in a common reactor chamber; and d) detecting comparative catalytic activity occurring at each of said formulations during said contacting step through substantially simultaneously sensing radiation emitted, absorbed, or altered by the respective formulations, reactants or products indicative of catalyst activity using a detector separated from the formulation, reactants and products.
Claim 2
Independent Claim
124 words
A method of simultaneously testing a plurality of catalyst formulations to determine comparative catalytic activity of the formulations in the presence of a given reactant or reactant mixture comprising: a) supporting said plurality of catalyst formulations on at least one support b) fixing said formulations on said at least one support by optionally stabilizing said formulations; c) contacting said formulations with a common stream of the reactant or reactant mixture under reaction conditions in a common reactor chamber; and d) detecting comparative catalytic activity occurring at each of said formulations during said contacting step through substantially simultaneously sensing radiation emitted, absorbed, or altered by the respective formulations, reactants or products indicative of catalyst activity using a detector separated from the formulation, reactants and products.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
27 words
The method of claim 1 wherein the formulations are arranged in the form of an array of spots on the surface of the at least one support.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
19 words
The method of claim 2 wherein the array comprises wells in the at least one support holding the formulations.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
24 words
A method according to claim 1 wherein the formulations are supported in channels extending across the entire extent of the at least one support.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
34 words
A method according to claim 1 additionally comprising contacting the catalyst formulations in the form of spots or layers on the surface of at least one support containing a washcoat supported by an underlayer.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
38 words
A method of claim 1 wherein said formulations comprise a material selected from the group consisting of transition metals, platinum, iron, rhodium, manganese, metallocenes, zinc, copper, potassium chloride, calcium, molybdenum, silver, tungsten, cobalt and mixtures of the foregoing.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
12 words
The method of claim 1 wherein the catalyst formulation comprises an enzyme.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
17 words
The method of claim 1 wherein the at least one support comprises silicon, chromium, zirconium or carbon.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
20 words
A method according to claim 1 wherein the at least one support comprises a form of carbon, zeolite and/or plastic.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
43 words
The method of claim 1 in which the respective catalyst formulations can be identified by their position in an arrangement of different catalyst formulations on the at least one support and/or by analysis of a unique label physically associated with each catalyst formulation.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
18 words
A method according to claim 1 wherein the individual catalyst formulations are each associated with an identifying label.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
17 words
A method according to claim 1 wherein the label comprises different isotopes or different mixtures of isotopes.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
23 words
A method according to claim 1 wherein the labels comprise chemicals which are stable at reaction conditions or are radioactive with distinctive emissions.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
26 words
A method according to claim 1 wherein taggants are added to identify particular catalyst formulations, and wherein particles are employed as supports for the catalyst formulations.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
37 words
The method of claim 1 comprising a supporting or stabilizing treatment selected from the group consisting of: a) contacting of a porous support with a solution of a salt of a metal and b) contacting with hydrogen.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
24 words
The method of claim 1 wherein said stabilizing step comprises exposing certain catalyst formulations to different temperatures, calcining, steaming, drying, ion exchange or precipitation.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
29 words
The method of claim 1 in which step (a) or (b) comprises contacting the catalyst formulation with compounds which modify the distribution of a metal within a porous support.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
16 words
A method according to claim 1 wherein the stabilizing step comprises treatment with a reducing agent.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
19 words
A method according to claim 1 wherein the supporting step comprises calcining, steaming, drying, reaction, ion exchange and/or precipitation.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
23 words
A method according to claim 1 wherein during the stabilizing step at least some of the catalyst formulations are exposed to different temperatures.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
30 words
The method of claim 1 wherein said sensing comprises the optical detection of temperature changes due to reaction including a correction for emissivity variations associated with differences in chemical composition.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
32 words
A method of claim 1 comprising sensing of heat liberated or absorbed by optical detection of temperature changes in the vicinity of a respective catalyst formulations due to reaction endotherm or exotherm.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
24 words
A method according to claim 1 comprising detection of temperature changes in the vicinity of a respective formulation due to reaction endotherm or exotherm.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
25 words
A method according to claim 1 additionally comprising observing the TR emissions of product gases directly, using the radiation hot gases emit at characteristic wavelengths.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
19 words
A method according to claim 1 wherein said detecting step comprises measuring the angle of rotation of polarized light.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
21 words
A method according to claim 1 comprising detecting infrared radiation through the use of nondispersive infrared spectroscopy, or infrared-sensitive photographic film.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
36 words
The method of claim 1 further comprising adding an additional reagent to products leaving each catalyst formulation to react with said reactant or said reaction product to form a product detectable by emitted or absorbed radiation.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
15 words
The method of claim 27 wherein the emitted radiation is produced through a chemiluminescence reaction.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
29 words
A method according to claim 1 additionally comprising carrying out the contacting step in the presence of compounds which modify the distribution of the metal within the porous support.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
31 words
A method according to claim 1 wherein the reactional conditions comprise a pressure greater than one bar absolute pressure and/or the contact is at a temperature greater than 100 degrees centigrade.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
23 words
A method according to claim 1 wherein a header of multiple delivery tubes provide uniform flow distribution of said reactant or reactant mixture.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
19 words
The method of claim 1 further comprising processing data from said detecting step at multiple wavelengths by mathematical manipulation.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
15 words
The method of claim 32 wherein said mathematical manipulation comprises transformation, weighted summation and/or subtraction.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
28 words
The method of claim 1 comprising exposing the catalyst formulations to a deleterious agent which reduces the activity of at least one catalyst formulations by at least 10%.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
67 words
The method of claim 1 comprising simulating aging, by exposing the formulations to a deleterious agent which reduces the activity of at least one catalyst formulation by at least 10%, or to other different substances or conditions which increases the activity of at least one of the catalyst formulations by at least 10% over its previously-reduced activity whereby regenerability, reactivatability, decoking, or other catalyst property is measured.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
36 words
The method of claim 1 further comprising measuring stability by exposing the catalyst formulations to substances or conditions which reduce the activity of at least one catalyst formulation by at least 10% and thereafter measuring activity.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
11 words
The method of claim 36 wherein said agent comprises a metal.
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
73 words
A method according to claim 1 additionally comprising simulating aging, by exposing the catalyst formulations to a deleterious agent which reduces the activity of at least one formulation by at least 10%, and then optionally exposing the catalyst formulations to at least one substance or condition which increases the activity of at least one formulation by at least 10% over its previously-reduced activity whereby regenerability, reactivatability, decoking, or other catalyst property is detected.
Claim 40
Dependent Claim
35 words
A method according to claim 38 wherein the deleterious agent is selected from the group consisting of elevated temperature, V, Pb, Ni, As, Sb, Sn, Hg, Fe, S, H2S, chlorine, oxygen, Cl, and carbon monoxide.
Claim 41
Dependent Claim
39 words
A method according to claim 38 wherein the at least one substance or condition which increases the activity of at least one formulation is selected from the group consisting of steam, heat, H 2 , air, and liquid water.
Claim 42
Dependent Claim
16 words
A method according to claim 1 additionally comprising testing for selectivity after deliberately poisoning some formulations.
Claim 43
Dependent Claim
92 words
A catalyst testing apparatus comprising a common reactor having disposed therein a catalyst support means; a plurality of different catalyst formulations fixed to said catalyst support means; means for contracting the catalyst formulations in the common reactor with a common stream of reactant or reactant mixture under reaction conditions, and a detector separated from the formulation, reactants and products for detecting comparative catalytic activity occurring at each of the formulations through substantially simultaneously sensing; a radiation emitted, absorbed, or altered by the the respective formulations, reactants or products indicative of catalyst activity.
Claim 44
Dependent Claim
92 words
A catalyst testing apparatus comprising a common reactor having disposed therein a catalyst support means; a plurality of different catalyst formulations fixed to said catalyst support means; means for contracting the catalyst formulations in the common reactor with a common stream of reactant or reactant mixture under reaction conditions, and a detector separated from the formulation, reactants and products for detecting comparative catalytic activity occurring at each of the formulations through substantially simultaneously sensing; a radiation emitted, absorbed, or altered by the the respective formulations, reactants or products indicative of catalyst activity.
Claim 45
Dependent Claim
19 words
Apparatus according to claim 42 wherein said catalyst support means includes an array of wells for holding catalyst formulations.
Claim 46
Dependent Claim
38 words
Apparatus according to claim 42 wherein the formulations comprise a material selected from the group consisting of transition metals, platinum, iron, rhodium maganese, metallocenes, zinc, copper, potassium chloride, calcium, molybdenum, silver, tungsten, cobalt and mixtures of the foregoing.
Claim 47
Dependent Claim
17 words
Apparatus according to claim 42 further comprising means for providing a different temperature in different catalyst formulations.
Claim 48
Dependent Claim
13 words
Apparatus according to claim 42 wherein the detector further comprises an optical filter.
Claim 49
Dependent Claim
20 words
Apparatus according to claim 42 wherein said detector further comprises means for scanning or imaging said plurality of catalyst formulations.
Claim 50
Dependent Claim
30 words
Apparatus according to claim 42 wherein said detector means further comprises means for identifying each of said plurality of catalyst formulations by assigning its respective portion of an electronic image.
Claim 51
Dependent Claim
63 words
Apparatus according to claim 42 wherein the detector is at least one detector selected from the group consisting of an infrared radiation-sensitive camera, a scanning diode detector, a Raman detector, an FTIR detector, an NMR detector, a light emission spectroscope a gamma camera, a neutron activation detector, a refractive index detector, and a detector for sensing an angle of rotation of polarized light.
Claim 52
Dependent Claim
38 words
Apparatus according to claim 42 further comprising means to add an additional reagent to products leaving each catalyst formulation for reacting with said reactant or said reaction product to form a product detectable by emitted or absorbed radiation.
Claim 53
Dependent Claim
19 words
Apparatus according to claim 42 wherein said support means is arranged for uniform flow distribution of said reaction products.
Claim 54
Dependent Claim
20 words
Apparatus according to claim 42 includes means for employing a correction for emissivity variations associated with differences in chemical composition.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 2003-05-16 | 2003-11-15 | 2004-05-16 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 2007-05-16 | 2007-11-15 | 2008-05-16 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2011-05-16 | 2011-11-15 | 2012-05-16 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |