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US6041777A
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US
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Methods and apparatus for closed-circuit ventilation therapy
Assignee: Alliance Pharmaceutical Corp
•
Filing: 1995-12-01
•
Granted: 2000-03-28
•
Expires: 2015-12-01
Abstract
Abstract Methods and apparatus are provided which allow for closed-circuit ventilation for the treatment or diagnosis of disorders. The closed-circuit ventilation apparatus of the present invention provide a closed-circuit respirator that isolates the gas flow path from the ventilator apparatus. This allows the prolonged administration of expensive materials such as fluorochemicals without excessive loss due to evaporation. As such the provided methods an apparatus are particularly applicable to liquid ventilation including partial liquid ventilation and total liquid ventilation.
Inventors
- 👤 Nicholas Simon Faithfull
- 👤 Ernest G. Schutt
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-24 18:23
CPC Classifications
A; A61; A61M; A61M16/00; A61M16/0054; A61M16/0003; A61M16/0009; A61M16/0057; A61M16/0081; A61M16/10; A61M16/105; A61M16/1055; A61M16/106; A61M16/1065; A61M16/22; A61M16/1005; A61M2016/102; A61M2016/1025; A61M2202/00; A61M2202/04; A61M2202/0468; A61M2202/0476; Y; Y10; Y10S; Y10S128/00; Y10S128/913
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 89
Claim 1
Independent Claim
114 words
A process for closed-circuit partial liquid ventilation therapy comprising the steps of: introducing at least one non-anesthetic gas or vapor into pulmonary air passages of a respiring patient; capturing expiratory gas from said patient in a closed-circuit respirator in fluid-conducting communication with said pulmonary air passages, said expiratory gas comprising carbon dioxide and at least a portion of said introduced gas or vapor; circulating said expiratory gas through a gas flow path defined by said closed-circuit respirator wherein at least a portion of said carbon dioxide is removed; and thereafter reintroducing at least a portion of the circulated expiratory gas comprising said introduced gas or vapor into the pulmonary air passages of the patient.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
114 words
A process for closed-circuit partial liquid ventilation therapy comprising the steps of: introducing at least one non-anesthetic gas or vapor into pulmonary air passages of a respiring patient; capturing expiratory gas from said patient in a closed-circuit respirator in fluid-conducting communication with said pulmonary air passages, said expiratory gas comprising carbon dioxide and at least a portion of said introduced gas or vapor; circulating said expiratory gas through a gas flow path defined by said closed-circuit respirator wherein at least a portion of said carbon dioxide is removed; and thereafter reintroducing at least a portion of the circulated expiratory gas comprising said introduced gas or vapor into the pulmonary air passages of the patient.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
24 words
The process of claim 1 wherein said non-anesthetic gas or vapor comprises the gaseous phase of a fluid present in the pulmonary air passages.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
14 words
The process of claim 1 wherein said gas or vapor is a bioactive agent.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
14 words
The process of claim 1 wherein said gas or vapor is a respiratory promoter.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
12 words
The process of claim 4 wherein said respiratory promoter is a fluorochemical.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
34 words
The process of claim 5 wherein said fluorochemical respiratory promoter selected from the group consisting of FC-75, FC-77, RM-101, Hostinert 130, APF-145, APF-140, APF-125, perfluorodecalin, perfluorooctyl bromide, perfluorobutyltetrahydrofuran, perfluoropropyl-tetrahydropyran, dimethyladamantane, trimethyl-bicyclo-nonane, and mixtures thereof.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
13 words
The process of claim 5 wherein said fluorochemical respiratory promoter is perfluorooctyl bromide.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
14 words
The process of claim 5 wherein said fluorochemical is a liquid at body temperature.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
28 words
The process of claim 1 further comprising the step of pressurizing at least a portion of said gas flow path to effect positive pressure ventilation of said patient.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
35 words
The process of claim 7 further comprising the step of effecting positive pressure ventilation of the patient by applying pressure to said gas flow path from a mechanical ventilator operably associated with said closed-circuit respirator.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
12 words
The process of claim 10 wherein said respiratory promoter is perfluorooctyl bromide.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
52 words
The process of claim 1 further comprising the step of: providing said closed-circuit respirator by affixing a ventilating conduit to a patient-connector capable of establishing fluid-conducting communication with pulmonary air passages of a patient and a variable volume reservoir, wherein said patient-connector is placed in fluid-conducting communication with said variable volume reservoir.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
73 words
The process of claim 12 wherein said variable volume reservoir comprises a chamber bifurcated by a gas impermeable compliant membrane wherein said chamber is separated into said variable volume reservoir and a compression reservoir isolated from each other; establishing fluid-conducting communication between said pulmonary air passages and said variable volume reservoir; and operably associating a mechanical ventilator with said closed-circuit respirator by establishing fluid-conducing communication between said mechanical ventilator and said compression reservoir.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
41 words
The process of claim 13 further comprising the step of effecting positive pressure ventilation of the patient by using said mechanical ventilator to generate pressure waves to actuate said gas impermeable membrane whereby pressure is exerted on said gas flow path.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
23 words
The process of claim 12 further comprising the step of pressurizing said variable volume reservoir to effect positive pressure ventilation of said patient.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
35 words
The process of claim 15 further comprising the step of effecting positive pressure ventilation of the patient by applying pressure to said variable volume reservoir using a mechanical ventilator operably associated with said closed-circuit respirator.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
110 words
A modular apparatus for closed-circuit partial liquid ventilation therapy whereby at least a portion of gas or vapor exhaled by a patient attached thereto is treated to remove carbon dioxide and returned to the patient, said apparatus comprising: a patient-connector capable of establishing fluid-conducting communication with pulmonary air passages of a patient; a variable volume reservoir containing a gas or vapor; a ventilating conduit sealingly affixed to said patient-connector and said variable volume reservoir wherein said patient-connector is placed in fluid-conducting communication with said variable volume reservoir to provide a closed-circuit respirator defining a gas flow path; and a carbon dioxide separator in fluid-conducting communication with said gas flow path.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
110 words
A modular apparatus for closed-circuit partial liquid ventilation therapy whereby at least a portion of gas or vapor exhaled by a patient attached thereto is treated to remove carbon dioxide and returned to the patient, said apparatus comprising: a patient-connector capable of establishing fluid-conducting communication with pulmonary air passages of a patient; a variable volume reservoir containing a gas or vapor; a ventilating conduit sealingly affixed to said patient-connector and said variable volume reservoir wherein said patient-connector is placed in fluid-conducting communication with said variable volume reservoir to provide a closed-circuit respirator defining a gas flow path; and a carbon dioxide separator in fluid-conducting communication with said gas flow path.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
45 words
The apparatus of claim 17 wherein said ventilating conduit comprises an expiratory ventilating conduit defining an expiratory gas flow path and an inspiratory ventilating conduit defining an inspiratory gas flow path, said inspiratory and expiratory ventilating conduits having a proximal end and a distal end.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
44 words
The apparatus of claim 18 wherein the proximal ends of said inspiratory ventilating conduit said and expiratory ventilating conduit are sealingly attached to said patient-connector and the distal ends of said inspiratory and expiratory ventilating conduits are sealingly attached to said variable volume reservoir.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
16 words
The apparatus of claim 18 further comprising a respiratory promoter contained in said gas flow path.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
12 words
The apparatus of claim 20 wherein said respiratory promoter is a fluorochemical.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
13 words
The apparatus of claim 21 wherein said fluorochemical respiratory promoter is perfluorooctyl bromide.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
34 words
The apparatus of claim 21 wherein said fluorochemical respiratory promoter selected from the group consisting of FC-75, FC-77, RM-101, Hostinert 130, APF-145, APF-140, APF-125, perfluorodecalin, perfluorooctyl bromide, perfluorobutyltetrahydrofuran, perfluoropropyl-tetrahydropyran, dimethyladamantane, trimethyl-bicyclo-nonane and mixtures thereof.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
20 words
The apparatus of claim 20 wherein said respiratory promoter is selected from the group consisting of gases, liquids and vapors.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
14 words
The apparatus of claim 20 wherein said respiratory promoter is a liquid breathing agent.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
49 words
The apparatus of claim 17 wherein said variable volume reservoir comprises a chamber bifurcated by a gas impermeable compliant membrane, said compliant membrane separating said chamber into a compression reservoir and said variable volume reservoir isolated from one another, said variable reservoir in fluid-conducting communication with said ventilating conduit.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
47 words
The apparatus of claim 26 further comprising a mechanical ventilator capable of providing positive pressure ventilation, said mechanical ventilator operably associated with said compression reservoir of said chamber whereby operation of the ventilator will transmit a pressure wave through said compliant membrane into said variable volume reservoir.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
16 words
The apparatus of claim 27 further comprising a respiratory promoter contained in said gas flow path.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
12 words
The apparatus of claim 28 wherein said respiratory promoter is perfluorooctyl bromide.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
17 words
The apparatus of claim 17 further comprising a nebulizer in fluid-conducting communication with said gas flow path.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
18 words
The apparatus of claim 17 further comprising a gas injector in fluid-conducting communication with said gas flow path.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
64 words
A modular apparatus for closed-circuit partial liquid ventilation therapy comprising: a patient-connector capable of establishing fluid-conducting communication with pulmonary air passages of a patient; a ventilating conduit sealingly affixed to said patient-connector to provide a closed-circuit respirator defining a gas flow path, said closed-circuit respirator operably associated with a mechanical ventilator; and a carbon dioxide separator in fluid-conducting communication with said gas flow path.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
64 words
A modular apparatus for closed-circuit partial liquid ventilation therapy comprising: a patient-connector capable of establishing fluid-conducting communication with pulmonary air passages of a patient; a ventilating conduit sealingly affixed to said patient-connector to provide a closed-circuit respirator defining a gas flow path, said closed-circuit respirator operably associated with a mechanical ventilator; and a carbon dioxide separator in fluid-conducting communication with said gas flow path.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
63 words
The apparatus of claim 32 wherein said ventilating conduit comprises an expiratory ventilating conduit defining an expiratory gas flow path, an inspiratory ventilating conduit defining an inspiratory gas flow path and a recovery ventilating conduit having a first end and a second end defining a recovery gas flow path, said inspiratory and expiratory ventilating conduits having a proximal end and a distal end.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
73 words
The apparatus of claim 33 wherein the proximal ends of said inspiratory ventilating conduit and said expiratory ventilating conduit are sealingly attached to said patient-connector and the distal ends of said inspiratory and expiratory ventilating conduits are sealingly attached to said first and second ends of said recovery ventilating conduit respectively, wherein fluid-conducting communication is established between said distal end of said inspiratory ventilating conduit and said distal end of expiratory ventilating conduit.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
18 words
The apparatus of claim 34 further comprising a variable volume reservoir in fluid-conducting communication with said closed-circuit respirator.
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
18 words
The apparatus of claim 34 further comprising a gas moving apparatus in fluid-conducting communication with said closed-circuit respirator.
Claim 40
Dependent Claim
16 words
The apparatus of claim 32 further comprising a respiratory promoter contained in said gas flow path.
Claim 41
Dependent Claim
20 words
The apparatus of claim 37 wherein said respiratory promoter is selected from the group consisting of gases, liquids and vapors.
Claim 42
Dependent Claim
14 words
The apparatus of claim 37 wherein said respiratory promoter is a liquid breathing agent.
Claim 43
Dependent Claim
12 words
The apparatus of claim 37 wherein said respiratory promoter is a fluorochemical.
Claim 44
Dependent Claim
34 words
The apparatus of claim 40 wherein said fluorochemical respiratory promoter selected from the group consisting of FC-75, FC-77, RM-101, Hostinert 130, APF-145, APF-140, APF-125, perfluorodecalin, perfluorooctyl bromide, perfluorobutyltetrahydrofuran, perfluoropropyl-tetrahydropyran, dimethyladamantane, trimethyl-bicyclo-nonane and mixtures thereof.
Claim 45
Dependent Claim
13 words
The apparatus of claim 40 wherein said fluorochemical respiratory promoter is perfluorooctyl bromide.
Claim 46
Dependent Claim
17 words
The apparatus of claim 32 further comprising a nebulizer in fluid-conducting communication with said gas flow path.
Claim 47
Dependent Claim
18 words
The apparatus of claim 32 further comprising a gas injector in fluid-conducting communication with said gas flow path.
Claim 48
Dependent Claim
93 words
A process for closed-circuit partial liquid ventilation comprising: connecting an exogenous closed-circuit respirator defining a gas flow path to the pulmonary air passages of a respiring patient; introducing a respiratory promoter into said pulmonary air passages; capturing expiratory gas from said patient in said closed-circuit respirator, said expiratory gas comprising carbon dioxide and at least a portion of said introduced respiratory promoter; separating at least a portion of said carbon dioxide to provide a treated gas comprising said respiratory promoter; and reintroducing said treated gas into the pulmonary air passages of the patient.
Claim 49
Dependent Claim
93 words
A process for closed-circuit partial liquid ventilation comprising: connecting an exogenous closed-circuit respirator defining a gas flow path to the pulmonary air passages of a respiring patient; introducing a respiratory promoter into said pulmonary air passages; capturing expiratory gas from said patient in said closed-circuit respirator, said expiratory gas comprising carbon dioxide and at least a portion of said introduced respiratory promoter; separating at least a portion of said carbon dioxide to provide a treated gas comprising said respiratory promoter; and reintroducing said treated gas into the pulmonary air passages of the patient.
Claim 50
Dependent Claim
28 words
The process of claim 45 further comprising the step of administering a respiratory promoter to said pulmonary air passages of said respiring patient prior to said connecting step.
Claim 51
Dependent Claim
14 words
The process of claim 45 wherein said respiratory promoter is a liquid breathing agent.
Claim 52
Dependent Claim
12 words
The process of claim 45 wherein said respiratory promoter is a fluorochemical.
Claim 53
Dependent Claim
14 words
The process of claim 48 wherein said fluorochemical is a liquid at body temperature.
Claim 54
Dependent Claim
34 words
The process of claim 48 wherein said fluorochemical respiratory promoter selected from the group consisting of FC-75, FC-77, RM-101, Hostinert 130, APF-145, APF-140, APF-125, perfluorodecalin, perfluorooctyl bromide, perfluorobutyltetrahydrofuran, perfluoropropyl-tetrahydropyran, dimethyladamantane, trimethyl-bicyclo-nonane, and mixtures thereof.
Claim 55
Dependent Claim
13 words
The process of claim 48 wherein said fluorochemical respiratory promoter is perfluorooctyl bromide.
Claim 56
Dependent Claim
28 words
The process of claim 45 further comprising the step of pressurizing at least a portion of said gas flow path to effect positive pressure ventilation of said patient.
Claim 57
Dependent Claim
35 words
The process of claim 52 further comprising the step of effecting positive pressure ventilation of the patient by applying pressure to said gas flow path from a mechanical ventilator operably associated with said closed-circuit respirator.
Claim 58
Dependent Claim
12 words
The process of claim 53 wherein said respiratory promoter is perfluorooctyl bromide.
Claim 59
Dependent Claim
52 words
The process of claim 45 further comprising the step of: providing said closed-circuit respirator by affixing a ventilating conduit to a patient-connector capable of establishing fluid-conducting communication with pulmonary air passages of a patient and a variable volume reservoir, wherein said patient-connector is placed in fluid-conducting communication with said variable volume reservoir.
Claim 60
Dependent Claim
73 words
The process of claim 55 wherein said variable volume reservoir comprises a chamber bifurcated by a gas impermeable compliant membrane wherein said chamber is separated into said variable volume reservoir and a compression reservoir isolated from each other; establishing fluid-conducting communication between said pulmonary air passages and said variable volume reservoir; and operably associating a mechanical ventilator with said closed-circuit respirator by establishing fluid-conducting communication between said mechanical ventilator and said compression reservoir.
Claim 61
Dependent Claim
41 words
The process of claim 56 further comprising the step of effecting positive pressure ventilation of the patient by using said mechanical ventilator to generate pressure waves to actuate said gas impermeable membrane wherein pressure is exerted on said gas flow path.
Claim 62
Dependent Claim
23 words
The process of claim 55 further comprising the step of pressurizing said variable volume reservoir to effect positive pressure ventilation of said patient.
Claim 63
Dependent Claim
35 words
The process of claim 58 further comprising the step of effecting positive pressure ventilation of the patient by applying pressure to said variable volume reservoir using a mechanical ventilator operably associated with said closed-circuit respirator.
Claim 64
Dependent Claim
128 words
A process for closed-circuit total liquid ventilation comprising: establishing fluid-conducting communication between pulmonary air passages of a patient and a fluid flow path defined by a closed circuit-liquid respirator, said fluid flow path and said pulmonary air passages substantially filled with a circulating liquid respiratory promoter; oxygenating the circulating liquid respiratory promoter by introducing oxygen into the closed-circuit liquid respirator to provide oxygenated liquid respiratory promoter; circulating said oxygenated liquid respiratory promoter through the fluid flow path and said pulmonary air passages to provide circulating expiratory fluid comprising carbon dioxide; and separating at least a portion of said carbon dioxide from the circulating expiratory fluid by passing the expiratory fluid through a liquid scrubber in fluid-conducting communication with said fluid flow path to provide circulating liquid respiratory promoter.
Claim 65
Dependent Claim
128 words
A process for closed-circuit total liquid ventilation comprising: establishing fluid-conducting communication between pulmonary air passages of a patient and a fluid flow path defined by a closed circuit-liquid respirator, said fluid flow path and said pulmonary air passages substantially filled with a circulating liquid respiratory promoter; oxygenating the circulating liquid respiratory promoter by introducing oxygen into the closed-circuit liquid respirator to provide oxygenated liquid respiratory promoter; circulating said oxygenated liquid respiratory promoter through the fluid flow path and said pulmonary air passages to provide circulating expiratory fluid comprising carbon dioxide; and separating at least a portion of said carbon dioxide from the circulating expiratory fluid by passing the expiratory fluid through a liquid scrubber in fluid-conducting communication with said fluid flow path to provide circulating liquid respiratory promoter.
Claim 66
Dependent Claim
22 words
The process of claim 60 further comprising the step of thereafter reintroducing said circulating liquid respiratory promoter to the pulmonary air passages.
Claim 67
Dependent Claim
13 words
The process of claim 60 wherein said liquid respiratory promoter is a fluorochemical.
Claim 68
Dependent Claim
35 words
The process of claim 62 wherein said fluorochemical liquid respiratory promoter selected from the group consisting of FC-75, FC-77, RM-101, Hostinert 130, APF-145, APF-140, APF-125, perfluorodecalin, perfluorooctyl bromide, perfluorobutyltetrahydrofuran, perfluoropropyl-tetrahydropyran, dimethyladamantane, trimethyl-bicyclo-nonane, and mixtures thereof.
Claim 69
Dependent Claim
18 words
The process of claim 60 further comprising oxygenating said circulating liquid respiratory promoter subsequent to said separating step.
Claim 70
Independent Claim
93 words
An apparatus for closed-circuit total liquid ventilation therapy comprising: a closed-circuit liquid respirator operably associated with a liquid ventilator, said liquid respirator comprising a patient-connector capable of establishing fluid-conducting communication with pulmonary air passages of a patient and a ventilating conduit sealingly affixed to said patient-connector, said ventilating conduit defining a fluid flow path; a closed-circuit vapor separator defining a vapor flow path comprising a carbon dioxide separator in fluid-conducting communication with said vapor flow path; and a gas exchanger in fluid-conducting communication with said vapor flow path and said fluid flow path.
Claim 71
Independent Claim
93 words
An apparatus for closed-circuit total liquid ventilation therapy comprising: a closed-circuit liquid respirator operably associated with a liquid ventilator, said liquid respirator comprising a patient-connector capable of establishing fluid-conducting communication with pulmonary air passages of a patient and a ventilating conduit sealingly affixed to said patient-connector, said ventilating conduit defining a fluid flow path; a closed-circuit vapor separator defining a vapor flow path comprising a carbon dioxide separator in fluid-conducting communication with said vapor flow path; and a gas exchanger in fluid-conducting communication with said vapor flow path and said fluid flow path.
Claim 72
Dependent Claim
21 words
The apparatus of claim 65 wherein said closed-circuit liquid respirator comprises a pump in fluid-conducting communication with said gas flow path.
Claim 73
Dependent Claim
16 words
The apparatus of claim 65 further comprising a respiratory promoter contained in said fluid flow path.
Claim 74
Dependent Claim
12 words
The apparatus of claim 67 wherein said respiratory promoter is a fluorochemical.
Claim 75
Dependent Claim
13 words
The apparatus of claim 68 wherein said fluorochemical respiratory promoter is perfluorooctyl bromide.
Claim 76
Dependent Claim
34 words
The apparatus of claim 68 wherein said fluorochemical respiratory promoter selected from the group consisting of FC-75, FC-77, RM-101, Hostinert 130, APF-145, APF-140, APF-125, perfluorodecalin, perfluorooctyl bromide, perfluorobutyltetrahydrofuran, perfluoropropyl-tetrahydropyran, dimethyladamantane, trimethyl-bicyclo-nonane and mixtures thereof.
Claim 77
Independent Claim
65 words
An apparatus for closed-circuit liquid ventilation therapy comprising: a closed-circuit liquid respirator operably associated with a liquid ventilator, said liquid respirator comprising a patient-connector capable of establishing fluid-conducting communication with pulmonary air passages of a patient and a ventilating conduit sealingly affixed to said patient-connector, said ventilating conduit defining a fluid flow path; and a liquid scrubber in fluid-conducting communication with said fluid flow path.
Claim 78
Independent Claim
65 words
An apparatus for closed-circuit liquid ventilation therapy comprising: a closed-circuit liquid respirator operably associated with a liquid ventilator, said liquid respirator comprising a patient-connector capable of establishing fluid-conducting communication with pulmonary air passages of a patient and a ventilating conduit sealingly affixed to said patient-connector, said ventilating conduit defining a fluid flow path; and a liquid scrubber in fluid-conducting communication with said fluid flow path.
Claim 79
Dependent Claim
11 words
The apparatus of claim 71 wherein said liquid scrubber is modular.
Claim 80
Dependent Claim
16 words
The apparatus of claim 71 further comprising a respiratory promoter contained in said fluid flow path.
Claim 81
Dependent Claim
13 words
The apparatus of claim 73 wherein said fluorochemical respiratory promoter is perfluorooctyl bromide.
Claim 82
Dependent Claim
12 words
The apparatus of claim 73 wherein said respiratory promoter is a fluorochemical.
Claim 83
Dependent Claim
34 words
The apparatus of claim 75 wherein said fluorochemical respiratory promoter selected from the group consisting of FC-75, FC-77, RM-101, Hostinert 130, APF-145, APF-140, APF-125, perfluorodecalin, perfluorooctyl bromide, perfluorobutyltetrahydrofuran, perfluoropropyl-tetrahydropyran, dimethyladamantane, trimethyl-bicyclo-nonane and mixtures thereof.
Claim 84
Dependent Claim
170 words
A process for closed-circuit total liquid ventilation comprising: establishing fluid-conducting communication between pulmonary air passages of a patient and a fluid flow path defined by a closed circuit-liquid respirator, said fluid flow path and said pulmonary air passages substantially filled with a circulating liquid respiratory promoter; oxygenating the circulating liquid respiratory promoter by introducing oxygen into the closed-circuit liquid respirator to provide oxygenated liquid respiratory promoter; circulating said oxygenated liquid respiratory promoter through the fluid flow path and said pulmonary air passages to provide expiratory fluid comprising carbon dioxide; introducing an effective carbon dioxide disassociating amount of oxygen to said expiratory fluid to form an expiratory vapor comprising carbon dioxide; isolating said expiratory vapor comprising carbon dioxide in a closed-circuit vapor separator in fluid-conducting communication with said fluid flow path, said closed-circuit vapor separator defining a vapor flow path comprising a carbon dioxide separator; and contacting said carbon dioxide separator with said expiratory vapor wherein at least a portion of said carbon dioxide is separated to provide a modified vapor.
Claim 85
Dependent Claim
170 words
A process for closed-circuit total liquid ventilation comprising: establishing fluid-conducting communication between pulmonary air passages of a patient and a fluid flow path defined by a closed circuit-liquid respirator, said fluid flow path and said pulmonary air passages substantially filled with a circulating liquid respiratory promoter; oxygenating the circulating liquid respiratory promoter by introducing oxygen into the closed-circuit liquid respirator to provide oxygenated liquid respiratory promoter; circulating said oxygenated liquid respiratory promoter through the fluid flow path and said pulmonary air passages to provide expiratory fluid comprising carbon dioxide; introducing an effective carbon dioxide disassociating amount of oxygen to said expiratory fluid to form an expiratory vapor comprising carbon dioxide; isolating said expiratory vapor comprising carbon dioxide in a closed-circuit vapor separator in fluid-conducting communication with said fluid flow path, said closed-circuit vapor separator defining a vapor flow path comprising a carbon dioxide separator; and contacting said carbon dioxide separator with said expiratory vapor wherein at least a portion of said carbon dioxide is separated to provide a modified vapor.
Claim 86
Dependent Claim
13 words
The process of claim 77 wherein said liquid respiratory promoter is a fluorochemical.
Claim 87
Dependent Claim
35 words
The process of claim 78 wherein said fluorochemical liquid respiratory promoter selected from the group consisting of FC-75, FC-77, RM-101, Hostinert 130, APF-145, APF-140, APF-125, perfluorodecalin, perfluorooctyl bromide, perfluorobutyltetrahydrofuran, perfluoropropyl-tetrahydropyran, dimethyladamantane, trimethyl-bicyclo-nonane, and mixtures thereof.
Claim 88
Dependent Claim
13 words
The process of claim 78 wherein said liquid respiratory promoter is perfluorooctyl bromide.
Claim 89
Dependent Claim
19 words
The process of claim 77 further comprising the step of reintroducing said modified vapor to said fluid flow path.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
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| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 2003-03-28 | 2003-09-27 | 2004-03-28 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 2007-03-28 | 2007-09-27 | 2008-03-28 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2011-03-28 | 2011-09-27 | 2012-03-28 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |