US5977241A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Polymer and inorganic-organic hybrid composites and methods for making same
Assignee: Integument Technologies Inc
•
Filing: 1997-04-04
•
Granted: 1999-11-02
•
Expires: 2017-04-04
Abstract
Abstract Composites which include a polymer matrix having natural free volume therein and an inorganic or organic material disposed in the natural free volume of the polymer matrix are disclosed. In addition, methods for making a composite are described. A polymer matrix having free volume therein is provided. The free volume is evacuated, and inorganic or organic molecules are infused into the evacuated free volume of the polymer matrix. The inorganic or organic molecules can then be polymerized under conditions effective to cause the polymerized inorganic or organic molecules to assemble into macromolecular networks. Alternatively, where the polymer matrix contains a functionality, the inorganic or organic molecules can be treated underconditions effective to cause the inorganic or organic molecules to interact with the polymer matrix's functionality. Use of the disclosed composites as photoradiation shields and filters, electromagnetic radiation shields and filters, antistatic layers, heterogeneous catalytic substrates, conducting electrodes, materials having flame and heat retardant properties, and components in the construction of electrolytic cells, fuel cells, and optoelectronic devices is also described.
Inventors
- 👤 Timothy S. Koloski
- 👤 Terrence G. Vargo
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-09 03:29
CPC Classifications
H; H01; H01M; H01M4/00; H01M4/02; H01M4/64; H01M4/66; H01M4/665; H01M4/667; C; C08; C08F; C08F283/00; C09; C09D; C09D5/00; C09D5/16; C09D5/1606; C09D5/1612; H01M8/00; H01M8/10; H01M8/1004; H01M50/00; H01M50/40; H01M50/409; Y; Y02; Y02E; Y02E60/00; Y02E60/10; Y02E60/30; Y02E60/50; Y10; Y10S; Y10S525/00; Y10S525/903; Y10T; Y10T428/00; Y10T428/249921; Y10T428/249953; Y10T428/249987; Y10T428/24999; Y10T428/249991
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 101
Claim 1
Independent Claim
44 words
A composite comprising: a polymer matrix having natural free volume therein; and an inorganic or organic material disposed in the natural free volume of said polymer matrix, wherein said polymer matrix is at least partially amorphous and wherein said polymer matrix comprises a halopolymer.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
44 words
A composite comprising: a polymer matrix having natural free volume therein; and an inorganic or organic material disposed in the natural free volume of said polymer matrix, wherein said polymer matrix is at least partially amorphous and wherein said polymer matrix comprises a halopolymer.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
16 words
A composite according to claim 1, wherein said natural free volume contains substantially no carrier liquid.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
36 words
A composite according to claim 1, wherein the natural free volume is defined by free volume surfaces and wherein said inorganic or organic material is present as a layer on or along the free volume surfaces.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
43 words
A composite according to claim 1, wherein said polymer matrix comprises a functionality selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, an amine group, an alkene group, an alkyne group, a carbonyl group, an alcohol group, a thiol group, and combinations thereof.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
13 words
A composite according to claim 4, wherein the functionality is a halogen atom.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
13 words
A composite according to claim 4, wherein the functionality is a fluorine atom.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
19 words
A composite according to claim 4, wherein said inorganic or organic material is an inorganic or organic macromolecular network.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
18 words
A composite according to claim 7, wherein the inorganic or organic macromolecular network is an inorganic macromolecular network.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
72 words
A composite according to claim 7, wherein the inorganic macromolecular network has the formula (X(O) n --O y --X(O) n ) m , wherein m is an integer from about 1 to about 10,000; X represents a metal ion having a charge of +s; s is an integer from 1 to the metal's highest attainable oxidation state; y is an integer from 0 to s; and n is between zero and s/2.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
45 words
A composite according to claim 1, wherein said inorganic or organic material is a metal network containing a Group IIIa, IVa, Va, VIa, or VIIa metal or a metal selected from the group consisting of Fe, Ru, Os, Co, Rh, Ir, Ni, Pd, and Pt.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
18 words
A composite according to claim 7, wherein the inorganic or organic macromolecular network is an organic macromolecular network.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
36 words
A composite according to claim 11, wherein the organic macromolecular network has the formula .paren open-st.R--R.paren close-st. n , wherein n is an integer from about 1 to about 10,000 and R is a monomer radical.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
19 words
A composite according to claim 11, wherein the organic macromolecular network comprises polyacetylene, polypyrrole, polyaniline, polythiophene, or combinations thereof.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
13 words
A composite according to claim 1, wherein said polymer matrix comprises a fluoropolymer.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
18 words
A composite according to claim 1, wherein said polymer matrix has a crystallinity of less than about 99%.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
27 words
A composite according to claim 1 having a volume of V c , wherein the natural free volume is greater than about 1×10 -6 V c .
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
69 words
A composite according to claim 1, wherein said inorganic or organic material is an inorganic material comprising a metal selected from the group consisting of V, W, Fe, Ti, Si, Al, P, Sb, As, Ba, B, Cd, Ca, Ce, Cs, Cr, Co, Cu, Ga, Ge, In, Pb, Mg, Hg, Mo, Ni, Nb, Re, Ta, Tl, Sn, Ir, Rh, Th, Ru, Os, Pd, Pt, Zn, Au, Ag, and combinations thereof.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
59 words
A composite comprising: a polymer matrix having natural free volume therein; and an inorganic or organic material disposed in the natural free volume of said polymer matrix, wherein said polymer matrix is at least partially amorphous, wherein said polymer matrix is an organic polymer matrix, and wherein said inorganic or organic material is an inorganic or organic macromolecular network.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
59 words
A composite comprising: a polymer matrix having natural free volume therein; and an inorganic or organic material disposed in the natural free volume of said polymer matrix, wherein said polymer matrix is at least partially amorphous, wherein said polymer matrix is an organic polymer matrix, and wherein said inorganic or organic material is an inorganic or organic macromolecular network.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
16 words
A composite according to claim 18, wherein said natural free volume contains substantially no carrier liquid.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
36 words
A composite according to claim 18, wherein the natural free volume is defined by free volume surfaces and wherein said inorganic or organic material is present as a layer on or along the free volume surfaces.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
43 words
A composite according to claim 18, wherein said polymer matrix comprises a functionality selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, an amine group, an alkene group, an alkyne group, a carbonyl group, an alcohol group, a thiol group, and combinations thereof.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
13 words
A composite according to claim 21, wherein the functionality is a halogen atom.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
13 words
A composite according to claim 21, wherein the functionality is a fluorine atom.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
18 words
A composite according to claim 18, wherein the inorganic or organic macromolecular network is an inorganic macromolecular network.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
72 words
A composite according to claim 24, wherein the inorganic macromolecular network has the formula (X(O) n --O y --X(O) n ) m , wherein m is an integer from about 1 to about 10,000; X represents a metal ion having a charge of +s; s is an integer from 1 to the metal's highest attainable oxidation state; y is an integer from 0 to s; and n is between zero and s/2.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
45 words
A composite according to claim 24, wherein said inorganic or organic material is a metal network containing a Group IIIa, IVa, Va, VIa, or VIIa metal or a metal selected from the group consisting of Fe, Ru, Os, Co, Rh, Ir, Ni, Pd, and Pt.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
18 words
A composite according to claim 18, wherein the inorganic or organic macromolecular network is an organic macromolecular network.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
36 words
A composite according to claim 27, wherein the organic macromolecular network has the formula .paren open-st.R--R.paren close-st. n , wherein n is an integer from about 1 to about 10,000 and R is a monomer radical.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
19 words
A composite according to claim 27, wherein the organic macromolecular network comprises polyacetylene, polypyrrole, polyaniline, polythiophene, or combinations thereof.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
73 words
A composite according to claim 18, wherein said polymer matrix comprises halopolymers, polyimides, polyamides, polyalkylenes, poly(phenylenediamine terephthalamide) filaments, polyethyleneterphthalates, modified cellulose derivatives, starch, polyesters, polymethacrylates, polyacrylates, polyvinyl alcohol, copolymers of vinyl alcohol with ethylenically unsaturated monomers, polyvinyl acetate, poly(alkylene oxides), vinyl chloride homopolymers and copolymers, terpolymers of ethylene with carbon monoxide and with an acrylic acid ester or vinyl monomer, polysiloxanes, homopolymers and copolymers of halodioxoles and substituted dioxoles, polyvinylpyrrolidone, or combinations thereof.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
13 words
A composite according to claim 18, wherein said polymer matrix comprises a halopolymer.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
13 words
A composite according to claim 31, wherein said polymer matrix comprises a fluoropolymer.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
18 words
A composite according to claim 18, wherein said polymer matrix has a crystallinity of less than about 99%.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
27 words
A composite according to claim 18 having a volume of V c , wherein the natural free volume is greater than about 1×10 -6 V c .
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
69 words
A composite according to claim 18, wherein said inorganic or organic material is an inorganic material comprising a metal selected from the group consisting of V, W, Fe, Ti, Si, Al, P, Sb, As, Ba, B, Cd, Ca, Ce, Cs, Cr, Co, Cu, Ga, Ge, In, Pb, Mg, Hg, Mo, Ni, Nb, Re, Ta, Tl, Sn, Ir, Rh, Th, Ru, Os, Pd, Pt, Zn, Au, Ag, and combinations thereof.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
73 words
A composite comprising: a polymer matrix having natural free volume therein; and an inorganic or organic material disposed in the natural free volume of said polymer matrix, wherein said polymer matrix is at least partially amorphous and wherein said inorganic or organic material is an organic macromolecular network having the formula .paren open-st.R--R.paren close-st. n , wherein n is an integer from about 1 to about 10,000 and R is a monomer radical.
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
73 words
A composite comprising: a polymer matrix having natural free volume therein; and an inorganic or organic material disposed in the natural free volume of said polymer matrix, wherein said polymer matrix is at least partially amorphous and wherein said inorganic or organic material is an organic macromolecular network having the formula .paren open-st.R--R.paren close-st. n , wherein n is an integer from about 1 to about 10,000 and R is a monomer radical.
Claim 40
Dependent Claim
19 words
A composite according to claim 36, wherein the organic macromolecular network comprises polyacetylene, polypyrrole, polyaniline, polythiophene, or combinations thereof.
Claim 41
Dependent Claim
64 words
A method for making a composite according to claim 1, said method comprising: providing a polymer matrix having natural free volume therein, wherein the polymer matrix is at least partially amorphous and wherein the polymer matrix comprise a halopolymer; evacuating the natural free volume of the polymer matrix; and infusing inorganic or organic molecules into the evacuated natural free volume of the polymer matrix.
Claim 42
Dependent Claim
27 words
A method according to claim 38 further comprising: polymerizing the inorganic or organic molecules under conditions effective to assemble the inorganic or organic molecules into macromolecular networks.
Claim 43
Dependent Claim
16 words
A method according to claim 39, wherein said polymerizing is carried out photochemically, chemically, or electrochemically.
Claim 44
Dependent Claim
22 words
A method according to claim 39, wherein said polymerizing is carried out by oxidizing, hydrolyzing, or hydrogenating the inorganic or organic molecules.
Claim 45
Dependent Claim
29 words
A method according to claim 41 wherein the oxidizing, hydrolyzing, or hydrogenating comprises: exposing the inorganic or organic molecules to a gas comprising water, oxygen, hydrogen, or combination thereof.
Claim 46
Dependent Claim
28 words
A method according to claim 42, wherein said polymerizing is carried out by oxidizing or hydrolyzing the inorganic or organic molecules and wherein the gas ia ambient air.
Claim 47
Dependent Claim
86 words
A method according to claim 39, wherein the inorganic or organic molecules are inorganic molecules comprising metal atoms and ligands bonded thereto which can be cleaved from the metal atoms by exposure to actinic radiation and wherein said polymerizing comprises: exposing the inorganic molecules to actinic radiation under conditions effective to cleave the ligands from the metal atoms and exposing the metal atoms having ligands cleaved therefrom to an oxygen-containing or water-containing gas under conditions effective to cause the metal atoms to assemble into macromolecular networks.
Claim 48
Dependent Claim
67 words
A method according to claim 38, wherein the inorganic or organic molecules are pi-allyl compounds of a Group IIIa, IVa, Va, or VIIa metals or a metal selected from the group consisting of Fe, Ru, Os, Co, Rh, Ir, Ni, Pd, or Pt and wherein said polymerizing comprises: contacting the pi-allyl compounds with hydrogen gas under conditions effective to cause the formation of a conductive metal network.
Claim 49
Dependent Claim
72 words
A method according to claim 38, wherein the polymer matrix comprises a functionality selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, an amine group, an alkene group, an alkyne group, a carbonyl group, an alcohol group, a thiol group, and combinations thereof and wherein said method further comprises: treating the inorganic or organic molecules under conditions effective to cause the inorganic or organic molecules to interact with the polymer matrix's functionality.
Claim 50
Dependent Claim
13 words
A method according to claim 46, wherein the functionality is a halogen atom.
Claim 51
Dependent Claim
13 words
A method according to claim 46, wherein the functionality is a fluorine atom.
Claim 52
Dependent Claim
16 words
A method according to claim 46, wherein said treating is carried out photochemically, chemically, or electrochemically.
Claim 53
Dependent Claim
19 words
A method according to claim 46, wherein said treating comprises oxidizing, hydrolyzing, or hydrogenating the inorganic or organic molecules.
Claim 54
Dependent Claim
29 words
A method according to claim 50, wherein the oxidizing, hydrolyzing, or hydrogenating comprises: exposing the inorganic or organic molecules to a gas comprising water, oxygen, hydrogen, or combination thereof.
Claim 55
Dependent Claim
28 words
A method according to claim 51, wherein said treating is carried out by oxidizing of hydrolyzing the inorganic or organic molecules and wherein the gas is ambient air.
Claim 56
Dependent Claim
88 words
A method according to claim 46, wherein the inorganic or organic molecules are inorganic molecules comprising metal atoms and ligands bonded thereto which can be cleaved from metal atoms by exposure to actinic radiation and wherein said treating comprises: exposing the inorganic or organic molecules to actinic radiation under conditions effective to cleave the ligands from the metal atoms and treating the metal atoms having ligands cleaved therefrom photochemically, chemically, electrochemically, or thermally under conditions effective to cause the metal atoms to interact with the polymer matrix's functionality.
Claim 57
Dependent Claim
15 words
A method according to claim 38, wherein said infusing is carried out under non-supercritical conditions.
Claim 58
Dependent Claim
26 words
A method according to claim 38, wherein the inorganic or organic molecules are infused into natural free volume of the polymer matrix in a gaseous state.
Claim 59
Dependent Claim
36 words
A method according to claim 38, wherein said infusing comprises: vaporizing the inorganic or organic molecules to produce an inorganic or organic molecule vapor; and contacting the polymer matrix with the inorganic or organic molecule vapor.
Claim 60
Dependent Claim
13 words
A method according to claim 38, wherein the polymer matrix comprises a fluoropolymer.
Claim 61
Dependent Claim
18 words
A method according to claim 38, wherein the polymer matrix has a crystallinity of less than about 99%.
Claim 62
Dependent Claim
54 words
A method according to claim 38, wherein the polymer matrix has a glass transition temperature to Tg and a thermal decomposition temperature of Td and wherein said infusing is carried out at a temperature from about Tg-50° C. to about Td and at which the inorganic or organic molecules have a non-zero vapor pressure.
Claim 63
Dependent Claim
171 words
A method according to claim 38, wherein the inorganic or organic molecules are selected from the group consisting of VOCl 3 , W(CO) 6 , Fe(CO) 5 ,TiCl 4 , SiCl 4 , AlCl 3 , PCl 3 , SbCl 5 , As(C 2 H 5 ) 3 , Ba(C 3 H 7 ) 2 , borane pyridine and tetrahydrofuran complexes, Cd(BF 4 ) 2 , Ca(OOCCH(C 2 H 5 )C 4 H 9 ) 2 , cerium (III) 2-ethylhexanoate, cesium 2-ethylhexoxide, chromium (III) naphthenate, CrO 2 Cl 2 , Co(CO) 3 NO, copper (II) dimethylaminoethoxide, triethylgallium, GeCl 4 , triethylindium, lead naphthenate, C 2 H 5 MgCl, (CH 3 ) 2 Hg, MoF 6 , Ni(CO) 4 , Nb(OC 2 H 5 ) 6 , HReO 4 , Ta(OC 2 H 5 ) 5 , C 5 H 5 Tl, SnCl 4 , pi-allyl compounds of Group IIIa, IVa, Va, VIa, or VIIa metals, pi-allyl compounds of Fe, Ru, Os, Co, Rh, Ir, Ni, Pd, or Pt, and combination thereof.
Claim 64
Dependent Claim
46 words
A method of catalyzing a reaction of a reactant comprising: providing a composite according to claim 1, wherein the inorganic or organic material is suitable for catalyzing the reaction of the reactant; and contacting the composite with the reactant under conditions effective to catalyze the reaction.
Claim 65
Dependent Claim
13 words
A method according to claim 61, wherein the reactant is a gaseous reactant.
Claim 66
Dependent Claim
25 words
A method according to claim 62, wherein the reactant is SO 2 and the inorganic or organic material is an inorganic macromolecular network comprising vanadium.
Claim 67
Dependent Claim
33 words
A electroconductive imaging element comprising: an insulating support; an electrically-conductive layer overlaying the support, wherein said electrically-conductive layer comprises a composite of claim 1; and a dielectric imaging layer overlaying the electrically-conductive layer.
Claim 68
Dependent Claim
37 words
A photographic element comprising: a substrate; a light-sensitive layer directly or indirectly disposed on the substrate; and an antistatic layer directly or indirectly disposed on the substrate, wherein the antistatic layer comprises a composite of claim 1.
Claim 69
Dependent Claim
27 words
A electrolytic fuel cell comprising: a composite of claim 1; an anode in electrical contact with said composite; and a cathode in electrical contact with said composite.
Claim 70
Dependent Claim
40 words
A method for shielding a material from electromagnetic radiation emitted from an electromagnetic radiation source comprising: disposing between the material and the electromagnetic radiation source a composite according to claim 1, wherein the inorganic or organic material comprises a metal.
Claim 71
Dependent Claim
38 words
A method for shielding a material from heat or flame source comprising: disposing between the material and the heat or flame source a composite according to claim 1, wherein the inorganic or organic material is a metal oxide.
Claim 72
Dependent Claim
86 words
A method for making a composite according to claim 18, said method comprising: providing a polymer matrix having natural free volume therein, wherein the polymer matrix is at least partially amorphous and wherein the polymer matrix is an organic polymer matrix; evacuating the natural free volume of the polymer matrix; infusing inorganic or organic molecules into the evacuated natural free volume of the polymer matrix; and polymerizing the inorganic or organic molecules under conditions effective to assemble the inorganic or organic molecules into a macromolecular network.
Claim 73
Dependent Claim
16 words
A method according to claim 69, wherein said polymerizing is carried out photochemically, chemically, or electrochemically.
Claim 74
Dependent Claim
22 words
A method according to claim 69, wherein said polymerizing is carried out by oxidizing, hydrolyzing, or hydrogenating the inorganic or organic molecules.
Claim 75
Dependent Claim
29 words
A method according to claim 71, wherein the oxidizing, hydrolyzing, or hydrogenating comprises: exposing the inorganic or organic molecules to a gas comprising water, oxygen, hydrogen, or combinations thereof.
Claim 76
Dependent Claim
28 words
A method according to claim 72, wherein said treating is carried out by oxidizing of hydrolyzing the inorganic or organic molecules and wherein the gas is ambient air.
Claim 77
Dependent Claim
87 words
A method according to claim 69, wherein the inorganic or organic molecules are inorganic molecules comprising metal atoms and ligands bonded thereto which can be cleaved from metal atoms by exposure to actinic radiation and wherein said treating comprises: exposing the inorganic or organic molecules to actinic radiation under conditions effective to cleave the ligands from the metal atoms and exposing the metal atoms having ligands cleaved therefrom to an oxygen-containing or water-containing gas under conditions effective to cause the metal atoms to assemble into macromolecular networks.
Claim 78
Dependent Claim
67 words
A method according to claim 69, wherein the inorganic or organic molecules are pi-allyl compounds of a Group IIIa, IVa, Va, or VIIa metals or a metal selected from the group consisting of Fe, Ru, Os, Co, Rh, Ir, Ni, Pd, or Pt and wherein said polymerizing comprises: contacting the pi-allyl compounds with hydrogen gas under conditions effective to cause the formation of a conductive metal network.
Claim 79
Dependent Claim
15 words
A method according to claim 69, wherein said infusing is carried out under non-supercritical conditions.
Claim 80
Dependent Claim
27 words
A method according to claim 69, wherein the inorganic or organic molecules are infused into the natural free volume of the polymer matrix in a gaseous state.
Claim 81
Dependent Claim
36 words
A method according to claim 69, wherein said infusing comprises: vaporizing the inorganic or organic molecules to produce an inorganic or organic molecule vapor; and contacting the polymer matrix with the inorganic or organic molecule vapor.
Claim 82
Dependent Claim
73 words
A method according to claim 69, wherein the polymer matrix comprises halopolymers, polyimides, polymides, polyalkylenes, poly(phenylenediamine terephthalamide) filaments, polyethyleneterphthalates, modified cellulose derivatives, starch, polyesters, polymethacrylates, polyacrylates, polyvinyl alcohol, copolymers of vinyl alcohol with ethylenically unsaturated monomers, polyvinyl acetate, poly(alkylene oxides), vinyl chloride homopolymers and copolymers, terpolymers of ethylene with carbon monoxide and with an acrylic acid ester or vinyl monomer, polysiloxanes, homopolymers, and copolymers of halodioxoles and substituted dioxoles, polyvinylpyrrolidone, or combination thereof.
Claim 83
Dependent Claim
13 words
A method according to claim 69, wherein the polymer matrix comprises a halopolymer.
Claim 84
Dependent Claim
13 words
A method according to claim 69, wherein the polymer matrix comprises a fluoropolymer.
Claim 85
Dependent Claim
18 words
A method according to claim 69, wherein the polymer matrix has a crystallinity of less than about 99%.
Claim 86
Dependent Claim
54 words
A method according to claim 69, wherein the polymer matrix has a glass transition temperature to Tg and a thermal decomposition temperature of Td and wherein said infusing is carried out at a temperature from about Tg-50° C. to about Td and at which the inorganic or organic molecules have a non-zero vapor pressure.
Claim 87
Dependent Claim
171 words
A method according to claim 69, wherein the inorganic or organic molecules are selected from the group consisting of VOCl 3 , W(CO) 6 , Fe(CO) 5 ,TiCl 4 , SiCl 4 , AlCl 3 , PCl 3 , SbCl 5 , As(C 2 H 5 ) 3 , Ba(C 3 H 7 ) 2 , borane pyridine and tetrahydrofuran complexes, Cd(BF 4 ) 2 , Ca(OOCCH(C 2 H 5 )C 4 H 9 ) 2 , cerium (III) 2-ethylhexanoate, cesium 2-ethylhexoxide, chromium (III) naphthenate, CrO 2 Cl 2 , Co(CO) 3 NO, copper (II) dimethylaminoethoxide, triethylgallium, GeCl 4 , triethylindium, lead naphthenate, C 2 H 5 MgCl, (CH 3 ) 2 Hg, MoF 6 , Ni(CO) 4 , Nb(OC 2 H 5 ) 6 , HReO 4 , Ta(OC 2 H 5 ) 5 , C 5 H 5 Tl, SnCl 4 , pi-allyl compounds of Group IIIa, IVa, Va, VIa, or VIIa metals, pi-allyl compounds of Fe, Ru, Os, Co, Rh, Ir, Ni, Pd, or Pt, and combination thereof.
Claim 88
Dependent Claim
45 words
A method of catalyzing a reaction of a reactant comprising: providing a composite according to claim 18, wherein the inorganic or organic material is suitable for catalyzing the reaction of reactant; and contacting the composite with the reactant under conditions effective to catalyze the reaction.
Claim 89
Dependent Claim
13 words
A method according to claim 85, wherein the reactant is a gaseous reactant.
Claim 90
Dependent Claim
25 words
A method according to claim 85, wherein the reactant is SO 2 and the inorganic or organic material is an inorganic macromolecular network comprising vanadium.
Claim 91
Dependent Claim
33 words
A electroconductive imaging element comprising: an insulating support; an electrically-conductive layer overlaying the support, wherein said electrically-conductive layer comprises a composite of claim 18; and a dielectric imaging layer overlaying the electrically-conductive layer.
Claim 92
Dependent Claim
37 words
A photographic element comprising: a substrate; a light-sensitive layer directly or indirectly disposed on the substrate; and an antistatic layer directly or indirectly disposed on the substrate, wherein the antistatic layer comprises a composite of claim 18.
Claim 93
Dependent Claim
27 words
A electrolytic fuel cell comprising: a composite of claim 18; an anode in electrical contact with said composite; and a cathode in electrical contact with said composite.
Claim 94
Dependent Claim
40 words
A method for shielding a material from electromagnetic radiation emitted from an electromagnetic radiation source comprising: disposing between the material and the electromagnetic radiation source a composite according to claim 18, wherein the inorganic or organic material comprises a metal.
Claim 95
Dependent Claim
38 words
A method for shielding a material from heat or flame source comprising: disposing between the material and the heat or flame source a composite according to claim 18, wherein the inorganic or organic material is a metal oxide.
Claim 96
Dependent Claim
96 words
A method for making a composite according to claim 36, said method comprising: providing a polymer matrix having natural free volume therein, wherein the polymer matrix is at least partially amorphous; evacuating the natural free volume of the polymer matrix; infusing organic molecules into the evacuated natural free volume of the polymer matrix; and polymerizing the organic molecules under conditions effective to assemble the organic molecules into the organic macromolecular network having the formula .paren open-st.R-R.paren close-st. n , wherein n is an integer from about 1 to about 10,000 and R is a monomer radical.
Claim 97
Dependent Claim
15 words
A method according to claim 93, wherein said infusing is carried out under non-supercritical conditions.
Claim 98
Dependent Claim
25 words
A method according to claim 93, wherein the organic molecules are infused into the natural free volume of the polymer matrix in a gaseous state.
Claim 99
Dependent Claim
13 words
A method according to claim 93, wherein the polymer matrix comprises a halopolymer.
Claim 100
Dependent Claim
13 words
A method according to claim 93, wherein the polymer matrix comprises a fluoropolymer.
Claim 101
Dependent Claim
24 words
A method according to claim 93, wherein the organic molecules are selected from the group consisting of acetylene, pyrrole, aniline, thiophene, and combinations thereof.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 2002-11-01 | 2003-05-03 | 2003-11-02 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 2006-11-01 | 2007-05-03 | 2007-11-02 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2010-11-01 | 2011-05-03 | 2011-11-02 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |