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US5960469A Expired / Lapsed US ⏱️ 0.0 years remaining

Liquid-insulated garment for cold water diving

Assignee: United States Department of the Navy
•
Filing: 1998-06-04
•
Granted: 1999-10-05
•
Expires: 2018-06-04
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Abstract

Abstract A liquid-insulated garment supplements the inherent thermal protection va of traditional suit insulations in conventional passive diving suits with bladders containing insulating liquids having substantially the same densities as water and thermal conductivities of less than 0.070 Btu/ft-hr° F. to provide insulation from ambient cold. The additional thermal protection created by the liquid-insulated garment helps the diver surpass the performance and acceptable duration constraints imposed by conventional drysuits or wetsuits and allows easy adjustments to the level of thermal comfort required by the diver. It additionally reduces the inherent buoyant forces associated with conventional drysuits and wetsuits, and provides uniform thermal protection over the entire surface of the diver's body since it is tailored to fit the diver. Furthermore, the liquid-insulated garment is not only useful to enhance the effectiveness of diving operations, but also in other places where additional thermal protection is needed.

Inventors

  • 👤 Marshall L. Nuckols
  • 👤 Richard A. Ramey
  • 👤 Billy F. Courson
  • 👤 James G. Zoulias

Bibliographic Details

Application Number —
Jurisdiction US
Data Source google_patents
Last Synchronized 2026-11-03 18:43
CPC Classifications
A; A41; A41D; A41D13/00; A41D13/012; A41D13/002; B; B63; B63C; B63C11/00; B63C11/02; B63C11/04; B63C11/28

Claims Analysis

Total Claims: 11
Claim 1
Independent Claim 39 words
A liquid-insulated garment comprising a layer of insulating liquid contained in at least one bladder, said liquid having substantially the same density as water and thermal conductivity of less than 0.070 Btu/ft-hr-° F. to provide insulation from ambient cold.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim 39 words
A liquid-insulated garment comprising a layer of insulating liquid contained in at least one bladder, said liquid having substantially the same density as water and thermal conductivity of less than 0.070 Btu/ft-hr-° F. to provide insulation from ambient cold.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim 46 words
A garment according to claim 1 further including: a flexible liner conforming to at least part of the body; and a plurality of bladders containing said insulating liquid on said liner, said bladders of said insulating liquid being located to cover muscle groups of a diver.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim 24 words
A garment according to claim 2 in which said liner is elastic to form-fit said diver and said bladders are secured to said liner.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim 18 words
A garment according to claim 3 in which said bladders are flexible plastic bags containing said insulating liquid.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim 52 words
A garment according to claim 4 further including: a reservoir of said insulating liquid; a manifold carried on said diver connected to said reservoir by a hose; tubing extending from said manifold to said bladders, said manifold and said tubing permitting selective transfer of said insulating liquid to and from said bladders.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim 37 words
A garment according to claims 1, 2, 3, or 4 in which said insulating liquid is selected from the group consisting of white mineral oil, Crisco™, and other liquids having thermal conductivities less than 0.070 Btu/ft-hr-° F.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim 18 words
A garment according to claim 6 further including: hollow glass micro-spheres in said insulating liquid in said bladders.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim 33 words
An apparatus according to claim 6 in which said bladders are inflatable by said insulating liquid to produce a layer of said insulating liquid having a thickness up to 0.5 of an inch.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim 33 words
An apparatus according to claim 7 in which said bladders are inflatable by said insulating liquid to produce a layer of said insulating liquid having a thickness up to 0.5 of an inch.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim 18 words
An apparatus according to claim 5 further including: a heater to heat said insulating liquid in said reservoir.

References Cited (Backward Citations)

US3348236A Cited
US3449761A Cited
US3513825A Cited
US3744053A Cited
US3660849A Cited
US4067064A Cited

USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows

Annuity Stage Window Opens Payment Deadline Surcharge Period Until Estimated Fee Status
3.5 Years (Year 4) 2002-10-04 2003-04-05 2003-10-05 $2000.00 Window Closed / Lapsed
7.5 Years (Year 8) 2006-10-04 2007-04-05 2007-10-05 $3760.00 Window Closed / Lapsed
11.5 Years (Year 12) 2010-10-04 2011-04-05 2011-10-05 $7700.00 Window Closed / Lapsed

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