US5956245A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Circuit and method for controlling a synchronous rectifier converter
Assignee: General Electric Co
•
Filing: 1997-07-02
•
Granted: 1999-09-21
•
Expires: 2017-07-02
Abstract
Abstract A rectifier having an input and an output and a method of controlling the rectifier. The rectifier comprises: (1) switching circuitry coupled between the input and the output, the switching circuitry adapted to operate in selected one of (a) an active bidirectional mode of operation and (b) an inactive unidirectional mode of operation to rectify substantially alternating current at the input to produce substantially direct current at the output and (2) control circuitry coupled between the rectifier output and a control input of the switching circuitry, the control circuitry capable of sensing an output current level of the rectifier and transitioning the switching circuitry between the active bidirectional mode and the inactive unidirectional mode as a function of the output current level thereby to prevent substantial reverse power flow through the rectifier. The rectifier is particularly useful in power systems having a plurality of rectifiers operating in parallel to prevent one rectifier from driving the other.
Inventors
- 👤 Allen Frank Rozman
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-05 15:58
CPC Classifications
H; H02; H02M; H02M3/00; H02M3/02; H02M3/04; H02M3/10; H02M3/145; H02M3/155; H02M3/156; H02M3/1563; H02J; H02J1/00; H02J1/001; H02J1/10; H02J1/102; H02M3/22; H02M3/24; H02M3/28; H02M3/325; H02M3/335; H02M3/33569; H02M3/33576; H02M3/33584; H02M3/33592; Y; Y02; Y02B; Y02B70/00; Y02B70/10
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 54
Claim 1
Independent Claim
139 words
A power supply, comprising: control driven switching circuitry including at least one synchronous rectifier device and adapted to operate in a selected one of (a) an active bi-directional mode of operation when enabled and (b) an inactive unidirectional mode of operation when disabled, said control driven switching circuitry thereby rectifying substantially alternating current to produce substantially direct current; a sensor capable of sensing an output level of said power supply; a level detector capable of comparing said output level with a threshold level and developing a control signal in accordance therewith; and synchronous rectifier control circuitry, coupled to said level detector, adapted to energize said control driven switching circuitry and employ said control signal to disable said control driven switching circuitry as a function of said output level to thereby prevent substantial reverse power flow through said power supply.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
139 words
A power supply, comprising: control driven switching circuitry including at least one synchronous rectifier device and adapted to operate in a selected one of (a) an active bi-directional mode of operation when enabled and (b) an inactive unidirectional mode of operation when disabled, said control driven switching circuitry thereby rectifying substantially alternating current to produce substantially direct current; a sensor capable of sensing an output level of said power supply; a level detector capable of comparing said output level with a threshold level and developing a control signal in accordance therewith; and synchronous rectifier control circuitry, coupled to said level detector, adapted to energize said control driven switching circuitry and employ said control signal to disable said control driven switching circuitry as a function of said output level to thereby prevent substantial reverse power flow through said power supply.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
45 words
The power supply as recited in claim 1, further comprising: a power transformer having primary and secondary windings, said secondary winding being coupled said control driven switching circuitry; and at least one power switch occasionally coupling said primary winding to a source of electrical power.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
43 words
The power supply as recited in claim 2 further comprising a clamping circuit, coupled to said power transformer, adapted to limit a voltage across said power transformer during at least a portion of a non-conduction interval of said at least one power switch.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
23 words
The power supply as recited in claim 1 wherein said control driven switching circuitry comprises metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) switches.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
45 words
The power supply as recited in claim 1 wherein said power supply is parallel-coupled to a second power supply, said synchronous rectifier control circuitry adapted to disable said control driven switching circuitry thereby preventing said second power supply from causing said substantial reverse power flow.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
27 words
The power supply as recited in claim 5 further comprising an active load-sharing circuit that effects load sharing between said power supply and said second power supply.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
33 words
The power supply as recited in claim 1 wherein said control driven switching circuitry comprises discrete diodes to allow said control driven switching circuitry to operate in said inactive unidirectional mode of operation.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
52 words
The power supply as recited in claim 1 wherein said sensor is selected from the group consisting of: a current transformer in electrical communication with an output of said power supply; a resistor in electrical communication with said output; and a Hall effect current sense device coupled in series with said output.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
37 words
The power supply as recited in claim 1 wherein said control driven switching circuitry comprises a plurality of synchronous rectifier devices, said synchronous rectifier control circuitry adapted to disable all of said plurality of synchronous rectifier devices.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
54 words
The power supply as recited in claim 1 further comprising detection circuitry capable of detecting parallel operation between said power supply and a second power supply, said detection circuitry allowing said synchronous rectifier control circuitry to disable said control driven switching circuitry only when said power supply is parallel-coupled to said second power supply.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
29 words
The power supply as recited in claim 1 wherein said synchronous rectifier control circuitry disables said control driven switching circuitry when said output level drops below said threshold level.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
36 words
The power supply as recited in claim 1 wherein said synchronous rectifier control circuitry disables said control driven switching circuitry when said output level is between about 5% and 10% of a full rated output level.
Claim 14
Independent Claim
142 words
A method for controlling a synchronousrectifiercircuit in a power supply, comprising: providing control driven switching circuitry including at least one synchronous rectifier device and adapted to operate in a selected one of (a) an active bi-directional mode of operation when enabled and (b) an inactive unidirectional mode of operation when disabled, said control driven switching circuitry thereby rectifying substantially alternating current to produce substantially direct current; sensing an output level of said power supply; comparing said output level with a threshold level and developing a control signal in accordance therewith; and coupling synchronous rectifier control circuitry to said level detector, said control circuit being adapted to energize said control driven switching circuitry and employ said control signal to disable said control driven switching circuitry as a function of said output level to thereby prevent substantial reverse power flow through said power supply.
Claim 15
Independent Claim
142 words
A method for controlling a synchronousrectifiercircuit in a power supply, comprising: providing control driven switching circuitry including at least one synchronous rectifier device and adapted to operate in a selected one of (a) an active bi-directional mode of operation when enabled and (b) an inactive unidirectional mode of operation when disabled, said control driven switching circuitry thereby rectifying substantially alternating current to produce substantially direct current; sensing an output level of said power supply; comparing said output level with a threshold level and developing a control signal in accordance therewith; and coupling synchronous rectifier control circuitry to said level detector, said control circuit being adapted to energize said control driven switching circuitry and employ said control signal to disable said control driven switching circuitry as a function of said output level to thereby prevent substantial reverse power flow through said power supply.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
69 words
The method as recited in claim 13, further comprising: providing a power transformer having primary and secondary windings; occasionally coupling said primary winding to a source of electrical power with at least one power switch; coupling said control driven switching circuitry to said secondary winding; and limiting a voltage across said power transformer during at least a portion of a non-conduction interval of said at least one power switch.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
57 words
The method as recited in claim 13, further comprising: parallel-coupling said power supply to a second power supply; allowing said synchronous rectifier control circuitry to disable said control driven switching circuitry thereby preventing said second power supply from causing said substantial reverse power flow; and effecting load sharing between said power supply and said second power supply.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
32 words
The method as recited in claim 13 wherein said control driven switching circuitry comprises discrete diodes to allow said control driven switching circuitry to operate in said inactive unidirectional mode of operation.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
36 words
The method as recited in claim 13 wherein said control driven switching circuitry comprises a plurality of synchronous rectifier devices, said synchronous rectifier control circuitry adapted to disable all of said plurality of synchronous rectifier devices.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
46 words
The method as recited in claim 13 further comprising detecting parallel operation between said power supply and a second power supply, said synchronous rectifier control circuitry adapted to disable said control driven switching circuitry only when said power supply is parallel-coupled to said second power supply.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
28 words
The method as recited in claim 13 wherein said synchronous rectifier control circuitry disables said control driven switching circuitry when said output level drops below said threshold level.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
184 words
A power supply, comprising: a power transformer having primary and secondary windings; at least one power switch occasionally coupling said primary winding to a source of electrical power; self-synchronized switching circuitry including at least one synchronous rectifier device coupled to said secondary winding and adapted to operate in a selected one of (a) an active bidirectional mode of operation when enabled and (b) an inactive unidirectional mode of operation when disabled, said self-synchronized switching circuitry thereby rectifying substantially alternating current to produce substantially direct current; a sensor capable of sensing an output level of said power supply; a level detector capable of comparing said output level with a threshold level and developing a control signal in accordance therewith; synchronous rectifier control circuitry coupled to said power transformer and adapted to energize said self-synchronized switching circuitry therefrom; and an enabling voltage source adapted to energize said synchronous rectifier control circuitry, said synchronous rectifier control circuitry capable of employing said control signal to disable said self-synchronized switching circuitry as a function of said output level to thereby prevent substantial reverse power flow through said power supply.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
184 words
A power supply, comprising: a power transformer having primary and secondary windings; at least one power switch occasionally coupling said primary winding to a source of electrical power; self-synchronized switching circuitry including at least one synchronous rectifier device coupled to said secondary winding and adapted to operate in a selected one of (a) an active bidirectional mode of operation when enabled and (b) an inactive unidirectional mode of operation when disabled, said self-synchronized switching circuitry thereby rectifying substantially alternating current to produce substantially direct current; a sensor capable of sensing an output level of said power supply; a level detector capable of comparing said output level with a threshold level and developing a control signal in accordance therewith; synchronous rectifier control circuitry coupled to said power transformer and adapted to energize said self-synchronized switching circuitry therefrom; and an enabling voltage source adapted to energize said synchronous rectifier control circuitry, said synchronous rectifier control circuitry capable of employing said control signal to disable said self-synchronized switching circuitry as a function of said output level to thereby prevent substantial reverse power flow through said power supply.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
43 words
The power supply as recited in claim 20 further comprising a clamping circuit, coupled to said power transformer, adapted to limit a voltage across said power transformer during at least a portion of a non-conduction interval of said at least one power switch.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
22 words
The power supply as recited in claim 20 wherein said self-synchronized switching circuitry comprises metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) switches.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
44 words
The power supply as recited in claim 20 wherein said power supply is parallel-coupled to a second power supply, said synchronous rectifier control circuitry adapted to disable said self-synchronized switching circuitry thereby preventing said second power supply from causing said substantial reverse power flow.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
27 words
The power supply as recited in claim 23 further comprising an active load-sharing circuit that effects load sharing between said power supply and said second power supply.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
31 words
The power supply as recited in claim 20 wherein said self-synchronized switching circuitry comprises discrete diodes to allow said self-synchronized switching circuitry to operate in said inactive unidirectional mode of operation.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
52 words
The power supply as recited in claim 20 wherein said sensor is selected from the group consisting of: a current transformer in electrical communication with an output of said power supply; a resistor in electrical communication with said output; and a Hall effect current sense device coupled in series with said output.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
36 words
The power supply as recited in claim 20 wherein said self-synchronized switching circuitry comprises a plurality of synchronous rectifier devices, said synchronous rectifier control circuitry adapted to disable all of said plurality of synchronous rectifier devices.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
53 words
The power supply as recited in claim 20 further comprising detection circuitry capable of detecting parallel operation between said power supply and a second power supply, said detection circuitry allowing said synchronous rectifier control circuitry to disable said self-synchronized switching circuitry only when said power supply is parallel-coupled to said second power supply.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
28 words
The power supply as recited in claim 20 wherein said synchronous rectifier control circuitry disables said self-synchronized switching circuitry when said output level drops below said threshold level.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
35 words
The power supply as recited in claim 20 wherein said synchronous rectifier control circuitry disables said self-synchronized switching circuitry when said output level is between about 5% and 10% of a full rated output level.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
22 words
The power supply as recited in claim 20 wherein said synchronous rectifier control circuitry comprises at least one gate voltage clamping device.
Claim 35
Independent Claim
186 words
A method for controlling a synchronous rectifier circuit in a power supply, comprising: providing a power transformer having primary and secondary windings; occasionally coupling said primary winding to a source of electrical power with at least one power switch; coupling self-synchronized switching circuitry including at least one synchronous rectifier device to said secondary winding, said self-synchronized switching circuitry adapted to operate in a selected one of (a) an active bi-directional mode of operation when enabled and (b) an inactive unidirectional mode of operation when disabled, said self-synchronized switching circuitry thereby rectifying substantially alternating current to produce substantially direct current; sensing an output level of said power supply; comparing said output level with a threshold level and developing a control signal in accordance therewith; coupling synchronous rectifier control circuitry to said power transformer and energizing said self-synchronized switching circuitry therefrom; and energizing said synchronous rectifier control circuitry with an enabling voltage source, said synchronous rectifier control circuitry capable of employing said control signal to disable said self-synchronized switching circuitry as a function of said output level to thereby prevent substantial reverse power flow through said power supply.
Claim 36
Independent Claim
186 words
A method for controlling a synchronous rectifier circuit in a power supply, comprising: providing a power transformer having primary and secondary windings; occasionally coupling said primary winding to a source of electrical power with at least one power switch; coupling self-synchronized switching circuitry including at least one synchronous rectifier device to said secondary winding, said self-synchronized switching circuitry adapted to operate in a selected one of (a) an active bi-directional mode of operation when enabled and (b) an inactive unidirectional mode of operation when disabled, said self-synchronized switching circuitry thereby rectifying substantially alternating current to produce substantially direct current; sensing an output level of said power supply; comparing said output level with a threshold level and developing a control signal in accordance therewith; coupling synchronous rectifier control circuitry to said power transformer and energizing said self-synchronized switching circuitry therefrom; and energizing said synchronous rectifier control circuitry with an enabling voltage source, said synchronous rectifier control circuitry capable of employing said control signal to disable said self-synchronized switching circuitry as a function of said output level to thereby prevent substantial reverse power flow through said power supply.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
32 words
The method as recited in claim 32 further comprising limiting a voltage across said power transformer during at least a portion of a non-conduction interval of said at least one power switch.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
56 words
The method as recited in claim 32, further comprising: parallel-coupling said power supply to a second power supply; allowing said synchronous rectifier control circuitry to disable said self-synchronized switching circuitry thereby preventing said second power supply from causing said substantial reverse power flow; and effecting load sharing between said power supply and said second power supply.
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
30 words
The method as recited in claim 32 wherein said self-synchronized switching circuitry comprises discrete diodes to allow said self-synchronized switching circuitry to operate in said inactive unidirectional mode of operation.
Claim 40
Dependent Claim
35 words
The method as recited in claim 32 wherein said self-synchronized switching circuitry comprises a plurality of synchronous rectifier devices, said synchronous rectifier control circuitry adapted to disable all of said plurality of synchronous rectifier devices.
Claim 41
Dependent Claim
45 words
The method as recited in claim 32 further comprising detecting parallel operation between said power supply and a second power supply, said synchronous rectifier control circuitry adapted to disable said self-synchronized switching circuitry only when said power supply is parallel-coupled to said second power supply.
Claim 42
Dependent Claim
27 words
The method as recited in claim 32 wherein said synchronous rectifier control circuitry disables said self-synchronized switching circuitry when said output level drops below said threshold level.
Claim 43
Dependent Claim
21 words
The method as recited in claim 32 wherein said synchronous rectifier control circuitry comprises at least one gate voltage clamping device.
Claim 44
Dependent Claim
197 words
A power system having first and second power supplies, each of said first and second power supplies, comprising; switching circuitry including at least one synchronous rectifier device and adapted to operate in a selected one of (a) an active bi-directional mode of operation when enabled and (b) an inactive unidirectional mode of operation when disabled, said switching circuitry thereby rectifying substantially alternating current to produce substantially direct current in a normal periodic mode of operation; synchronous rectifier control circuitry coupled to said switching and adapted to energize and de-energize said switching circuitry; a sensor capable of sensing an output level thereof; a level detector capable of comparing said output level with a threshold level and developing a control signal in accordance therewith; an active load sharing circuit capable of effecting load sharing between said first and second power supplies within a specified operating range, said synchronous rectifier control circuitry adapted to employ said control signal to disable said switching circuitry as a function of said output level to thereby prevent substantial reverse power flow through one of said first and second power supplies when said active load sharing circuit is operating outside of said specified operating range.
Claim 45
Dependent Claim
197 words
A power system having first and second power supplies, each of said first and second power supplies, comprising; switching circuitry including at least one synchronous rectifier device and adapted to operate in a selected one of (a) an active bi-directional mode of operation when enabled and (b) an inactive unidirectional mode of operation when disabled, said switching circuitry thereby rectifying substantially alternating current to produce substantially direct current in a normal periodic mode of operation; synchronous rectifier control circuitry coupled to said switching and adapted to energize and de-energize said switching circuitry; a sensor capable of sensing an output level thereof; a level detector capable of comparing said output level with a threshold level and developing a control signal in accordance therewith; an active load sharing circuit capable of effecting load sharing between said first and second power supplies within a specified operating range, said synchronous rectifier control circuitry adapted to employ said control signal to disable said switching circuitry as a function of said output level to thereby prevent substantial reverse power flow through one of said first and second power supplies when said active load sharing circuit is operating outside of said specified operating range.
Claim 46
Dependent Claim
30 words
The power system as recited in claim 40 wherein said active load sharing circuit operates outside of said specified operating range during start-up of said first or second power supplies.
Claim 47
Dependent Claim
31 words
The power system as recited in claim 40 wherein said active load sharing circuit operates outside of said specified operating range during hot plug-in of said first or second power supplies.
Claim 48
Dependent Claim
30 words
The power system as recited in claim 40 wherein said active load sharing circuit operates outside of said specified operating range during shut-down of said first or second power supplies.
Claim 49
Dependent Claim
85 words
The power system as recited in claim 40 wherein each of said first and second power supplies, further comprise: a power transformer having primary and secondary windings, said secondary winding being coupled said switching circuitry; at least one power switch occasionally coupling said primary winding to a source of electrical power; and a clamping circuit, coupled to said power transformer, adapted to limit a voltage across said power transformer during at least a portion of a non-conduction interval of said at least one power switch.
Claim 50
Dependent Claim
34 words
The power system as recited in claim 40 wherein each of said first and second power supplies comprise discrete diodes to allow said switching circuitry to operate in said inactive unidirectional mode of operation.
Claim 51
Dependent Claim
52 words
The power system as recited in claim 40 wherein said sensor is selected from the group consisting of: a current transformer in electrical communication with an output of said power supply; a resistor in electrical communication with said output; and a Hall effect current sense device coupled in series with said output.
Claim 52
Dependent Claim
35 words
The power system as recited in claim 40 wherein said switching circuitry comprises a plurality of synchronous rectifier devices, said synchronous rectifier control circuitry adapted to disable all of said plurality of synchronous rectifier devices.
Claim 53
Dependent Claim
27 words
The power system as recited in claim 40 wherein said synchronous rectifier control circuitry disables said switching circuitry when said output level drops below said threshold level.
Claim 54
Dependent Claim
22 words
The power system as recited in claim 40 wherein said synchronous rectifier control circuitry comprises at least one gate voltage clamping device.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 2002-09-20 | 2003-03-22 | 2003-09-21 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 2006-09-20 | 2007-03-22 | 2007-09-21 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2010-09-20 | 2011-03-22 | 2011-09-21 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |