Patent US5390215A successfully refreshed from Google Patents.
Patent US5918167A successfully refreshed from Google Patents.
US5918167A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Quadrature downconverter local oscillator leakage canceller
Assignee: Apple Inc
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Filing: 1997-03-11
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Granted: 1999-06-29
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Expires: 2017-03-11
Abstract
Abstract A quadrature downconversion stage in a radio frequency receiver compensates for leakage from the quadrature local oscillator to the input of the stage by deriving first and second feedback signals from the quadrature local oscillator. The first feedback signal is 180° out of phase with the in-phase component of the signal supplied to the input of the stage and the second feedback signal is 180° out of phase with the quadrature component of the signal supplied to the input of the stage. The invention reduces or cancels a d.c. offset that can appear at the output of the stage. Another advantage is the reduction of re-radiated signals resulting from the local oscillator leakage. The invention is particularly applicable to direct converters.
Inventors
- 👤 Samuel Alfred Tiller
- 👤 John Jackson Nisbet
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-31 20:40
CPC Classifications
H; H03; H03D; H03D3/00; H03D3/007; H03D3/008; H04; H04B; H04B1/00; H04B1/06; H04B1/16; H04B1/30; H03D2200/00; H03D2200/0001; H03D2200/0025; H03D2200/0027; H03D2200/0041; H03D2200/0047; H03D2200/009
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 15
Claim 1
Independent Claim
249 words
A quadrature downconversion stage for an RF receiver, the quadrature downconversion stage comprising: a stage input; a first, in-phase branch connected to the stage input; a second, quadrature branch connected to the stage input; and a quadrature local oscillator having an in-phase output and a quadrature output, the first branch comprising a first mixer having a first input connected to the stage input, a second input connected to the in-phase output of the quadrature local oscillator and an output on which is derived an in-phase baseband output component and a first feedback circuit coupling the in-phase output of the quadrature local oscillator, modulated by a low frequency portion of the in-phase baseband output component, to the first input of the first mixer thereby to supply a feedback signal which is 180° phase shifted with respect to the in-phase component supplied to the second input of the first mixer, the second branch comprising a second mixer having a first input connected to the stage input, a second input connected to the quadrature output of the quadrature local oscillator and an output on which is derived a quadrature baseband output component and a second feedback circuit coupling the quadrature output of the quadrature local oscillatory modulated by a low frequency portion of the quadrature baseband output component, to the first input of the second mixer thereby to supply a feedback signal which is 180° phase shifted with respect to the quadrature component supplied to the second input of the second mixer.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
249 words
A quadrature downconversion stage for an RF receiver, the quadrature downconversion stage comprising: a stage input; a first, in-phase branch connected to the stage input; a second, quadrature branch connected to the stage input; and a quadrature local oscillator having an in-phase output and a quadrature output, the first branch comprising a first mixer having a first input connected to the stage input, a second input connected to the in-phase output of the quadrature local oscillator and an output on which is derived an in-phase baseband output component and a first feedback circuit coupling the in-phase output of the quadrature local oscillator, modulated by a low frequency portion of the in-phase baseband output component, to the first input of the first mixer thereby to supply a feedback signal which is 180° phase shifted with respect to the in-phase component supplied to the second input of the first mixer, the second branch comprising a second mixer having a first input connected to the stage input, a second input connected to the quadrature output of the quadrature local oscillator and an output on which is derived a quadrature baseband output component and a second feedback circuit coupling the quadrature output of the quadrature local oscillatory modulated by a low frequency portion of the quadrature baseband output component, to the first input of the second mixer thereby to supply a feedback signal which is 180° phase shifted with respect to the quadrature component supplied to the second input of the second mixer.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
98 words
A quadrature downconversion stage according to claim 1, wherein the first feedback circuit comprises a first AGC connected to the in-phase output of the quadrature local oscillator and having an output connected to the stage input and a control input connected to be controlled by a component of the in-phase baseband output component; and the second feedback circuit comprises a second AGC connected to the quadrature component of the quadrature local oscillator and having an output connected to the stage input and a control input connected to be controlled by a component of the quadrature baseband output component.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
64 words
A quadrature downconversion stage according to claim 2, wherein the first feedback circuit further comprises a first low pass filter inserted between the output of the first mixer and the control input of the first AGC; and the second feedback circuit further comprises a second low pass filter inserted between the output of the second mixer and the control input of the second AGC.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
60 words
A quadrature downconversion stage according to claim 2, wherein the first feedback circuit further comprises a first integrator inserted between the output of the first mixer and the control input of the first AGC; and the second feedback circuit further comprises a second integrator inserted between the output of the second mixer and the control input of the second AGC.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
19 words
A quadrature downconversion stage according to claim 4 in which the first and second integrators are each selectively variable.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
95 words
A quadrature downconversion stage according to claim 2, wherein the output of the first mixer is connected through a first AD converter to a digital signal processor and the first feedback circuit comprises a first DA converter connected between the digital signal processor and the control input of the first AGC; and wherein the output of the second mixer is connected through a second AD converter to the digital signal processor and the second feedback circuit comprises a second DA converter connected between the digital signal processor and the control input of the second AGC.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
41 words
A quadrature downconversion stage according to claim 1, wherein the quadrature downconversion stage is a direct conversion stage with the stage input serving as a radio frequency signal input and the quadrature local oscillator operates as a quadrature RF local oscillator.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
42 words
A quadrature downconversion stage according to claim 1, wherein the quadrature downconversion stage is a final stage of an indirect converter with the stage input serving as an IF input and the quadrature local oscillator operates as a quadrature IF local oscillator.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
248 words
An RP receiver having a quadrature direct downconversion stage comprising: a signal input, a first, in-phase branch connected to the signal input; a second, in-phase quadrature branch connected to the signal output; a quadrature RF local oscillator having an in-phase component and a quadrature component; the first branch comprising a first mixer having a first input connected to the signal input, a second input connected to the in-phase output of the quadrature RP local oscillator and an output on which is derived an in-phase baseband output component and a first feedback circuit coupling the in-phase output of the quadrature RF local oscillator, modulated by a low frequency portion of the in-phase baseband component, to the first input of the first mixer thereby to supply a feedback signal which is 180° phase shifted with respect to the in-phase component supplied to the second input of the first mixer, the second branch comprising a second mixer having a first input connected to the signal input, a second input connected to the quadrature output of the quadrature RF local oscillator and an output on which is derived a quadrature baseband output component and a second feedback circuit coupling the quadrature output of the quadrature local oscillator, modulated by a low frequency portion of the quadrature baseband component, to the first input of the second mixer thereby to supply a feedback signal which is 180° phase shifted with respect to the quadrature component supplied to the second input of the second mixer.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
248 words
An RP receiver having a quadrature direct downconversion stage comprising: a signal input, a first, in-phase branch connected to the signal input; a second, in-phase quadrature branch connected to the signal output; a quadrature RF local oscillator having an in-phase component and a quadrature component; the first branch comprising a first mixer having a first input connected to the signal input, a second input connected to the in-phase output of the quadrature RP local oscillator and an output on which is derived an in-phase baseband output component and a first feedback circuit coupling the in-phase output of the quadrature RF local oscillator, modulated by a low frequency portion of the in-phase baseband component, to the first input of the first mixer thereby to supply a feedback signal which is 180° phase shifted with respect to the in-phase component supplied to the second input of the first mixer, the second branch comprising a second mixer having a first input connected to the signal input, a second input connected to the quadrature output of the quadrature RF local oscillator and an output on which is derived a quadrature baseband output component and a second feedback circuit coupling the quadrature output of the quadrature local oscillator, modulated by a low frequency portion of the quadrature baseband component, to the first input of the second mixer thereby to supply a feedback signal which is 180° phase shifted with respect to the quadrature component supplied to the second input of the second mixer.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
295 words
An RF receiver having a first mixing stage and a final direct conversion stage, the first mixing stage comprising a signal input; a mixer having a first input connected to the signal input, a second input connected to an RF local oscillator and an output on which is derived an IF output; the final mixing stage comprising: a stage input; a first, in-phase branch connected to the stage input; a second, quadrature branch connected to the stage input; and a quadrature local oscillator having an in-phase output and a quadrature output, the first branch comprising a first mixer having a first input connected to the stage input, a second input connected to the in-phase output of the quadrature IF local oscillator and an output on which is derived an in-phase baseband output component and a first feedback circuit coupling the in-phase output of the quadrature IF local oscillator, modulated by a low frequency portion of the in-phase baseband component, to the first input of the first mixer thereby to supply a feedback signal which is 180° phase shifted with respect to the in-phase component supplied to the second input of the first mixer, the second branch comprising a second mixer having a first input connected to the stage input, a second input connected to the quadrature output of the quadrature IF local oscillator and an output on which is derived a quadrature baseband output component and a second feedback circuit coupling the quadrature output of the quadrature IF local oscillator, modulated by a low frequency portion of the quadrature baseband component, to the first input of the second mixer thereby to supply a feedback signal which is 180° phase shifted with respect to the quadrature component supplied to the second input of the second mixer.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
295 words
An RF receiver having a first mixing stage and a final direct conversion stage, the first mixing stage comprising a signal input; a mixer having a first input connected to the signal input, a second input connected to an RF local oscillator and an output on which is derived an IF output; the final mixing stage comprising: a stage input; a first, in-phase branch connected to the stage input; a second, quadrature branch connected to the stage input; and a quadrature local oscillator having an in-phase output and a quadrature output, the first branch comprising a first mixer having a first input connected to the stage input, a second input connected to the in-phase output of the quadrature IF local oscillator and an output on which is derived an in-phase baseband output component and a first feedback circuit coupling the in-phase output of the quadrature IF local oscillator, modulated by a low frequency portion of the in-phase baseband component, to the first input of the first mixer thereby to supply a feedback signal which is 180° phase shifted with respect to the in-phase component supplied to the second input of the first mixer, the second branch comprising a second mixer having a first input connected to the stage input, a second input connected to the quadrature output of the quadrature IF local oscillator and an output on which is derived a quadrature baseband output component and a second feedback circuit coupling the quadrature output of the quadrature IF local oscillator, modulated by a low frequency portion of the quadrature baseband component, to the first input of the second mixer thereby to supply a feedback signal which is 180° phase shifted with respect to the quadrature component supplied to the second input of the second mixer.
Claim 14
Independent Claim
154 words
A method of reducing the effect of leakage from a quadrature local oscillator to an input of a quadrature downconversion stage of an RF receiver, which quadrature downconversion stage has a single input to which a modulated signal containing in-phase and quadrature components is fed, a first output at which an in-phase baseband component is obtained and a second output at which a quadrature baseband component is obtained, the method comprising: deriving from the quadrature local oscillator and the in-phase baseband component a first feedback signal 180° out of phase with the in-phase component of the signal appearing at the single input and feeding the first feedback signal to the single input; and deriving from the quadrature local oscillator and the quadrature baseband component a second feedback signal 180° out of phase with the quadrature component of a signal appearing at the single input and feeding the second feedback signal to the single input.
Claim 15
Independent Claim
154 words
A method of reducing the effect of leakage from a quadrature local oscillator to an input of a quadrature downconversion stage of an RF receiver, which quadrature downconversion stage has a single input to which a modulated signal containing in-phase and quadrature components is fed, a first output at which an in-phase baseband component is obtained and a second output at which a quadrature baseband component is obtained, the method comprising: deriving from the quadrature local oscillator and the in-phase baseband component a first feedback signal 180° out of phase with the in-phase component of the signal appearing at the single input and feeding the first feedback signal to the single input; and deriving from the quadrature local oscillator and the quadrature baseband component a second feedback signal 180° out of phase with the quadrature component of a signal appearing at the single input and feeding the second feedback signal to the single input.
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| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
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| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 2002-06-28 | 2002-12-28 | 2003-06-29 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 2006-06-28 | 2006-12-28 | 2007-06-29 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2010-06-28 | 2010-12-28 | 2011-06-29 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |