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Patent US5903648A successfully refreshed from Google Patents.
US5903648A
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Method and apparatus for encryption
Assignee: University of Connecticut
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Filing: 1996-02-06
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Granted: 1999-05-11
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Expires: 2016-02-06
Abstract
Abstract A method and apparatus of encrypting optical images and storing these images in memory using random phase encoding is presented. The encryption technique uses random phase encoding in both the input plane and the Fourier plane. Each image is encrypted and can be read out by a unique code or a universal code. The image to be encrypted is first multiplied by a random phase function. The Fourier transform of the product of the image and the random phase function is then multiplied by another random phase function in the Fourier domain. Taking the inverse Fourier transform, an encrypted image in the output plane is obtained. Each encrypted image can be stored in optical memory. The encryption process of the present invention can be done optically or electronically with one or two dimensional functions for encryption. Further, the image can be phase encoded (optically or digitally) prior to the encryption process, with a phase reading technique employed to obtain the original decrypted image. Also, a joint transform correlator may be used for the encryption and/or decryption of the present invention. It will be appreciated that a variety of well known methods can be used to store or display the encrypted images.
Inventors
- 👤 Bahram Javidi
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-09 13:09
CPC Classifications
H; H04; H04K; H04K1/00; H04N; H04N1/00; H04N1/44; H04N1/448; H04N1/4486
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 67
Claim 1
Independent Claim
213 words
A method of encryption and decryption comprising the steps of: encrypting original information, comprising the step of, (1) multiplying said original information by a first key to generate a first product of said original information and said first key in a first domain, (2) transforming said first product from said first domain into a second domain to generate a first transformed product in said second domain, (3) multiplying said first transformed product by a second key in said second domain to generate a second product, (4) transforming said second product from said second domain to said first domain to generate an encrypted information; and decrypting said encrypted information, comprising the steps of, (1) transforming said encrypted information from said first domain to said second domain to generate a transformed encrypted information, (2) multiplying said transformed encrypted information by a third key in said second domain to generate a third product, said third key being a conjugate of said second key wherein said second key is removed from said encrypted information, (3) transforming said third product from said second domain to said first domain to generate a second transformed product in said first domain, and (4) removing said first key from said second transformed product to provided decrypted information indicative of said original information.
Claim 2
Independent Claim
213 words
A method of encryption and decryption comprising the steps of: encrypting original information, comprising the step of, (1) multiplying said original information by a first key to generate a first product of said original information and said first key in a first domain, (2) transforming said first product from said first domain into a second domain to generate a first transformed product in said second domain, (3) multiplying said first transformed product by a second key in said second domain to generate a second product, (4) transforming said second product from said second domain to said first domain to generate an encrypted information; and decrypting said encrypted information, comprising the steps of, (1) transforming said encrypted information from said first domain to said second domain to generate a transformed encrypted information, (2) multiplying said transformed encrypted information by a third key in said second domain to generate a third product, said third key being a conjugate of said second key wherein said second key is removed from said encrypted information, (3) transforming said third product from said second domain to said first domain to generate a second transformed product in said first domain, and (4) removing said first key from said second transformed product to provided decrypted information indicative of said original information.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
26 words
The method of claim 1 wherein said information comprises an optical image, a digitized image, one-dimensional data, two-dimensional data, an electrical signal or an optical signal.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
39 words
The method of claim 1 further comprising the steps of: phase encoding said original information prior to said step (1) of said step of encrypting; and removing said phase encoding from said encrypted information to provided said decrypted information.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
49 words
The method of claim 1 wherein said step of removing comprises: multiplying said second transformed product by a fourth key in said first domain to generate said decrypted information, said fourth key being a conjugate of said first key wherein said first key is removed from said encrypted information.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
20 words
The method of claim 1 wherein said step of removing comprises: removing said first key with an intensity sensitive device.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
13 words
The method of claim 1 wherein said steps of transforming comprise Fourier transforming.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
15 words
The method of claim 1 wherein said first and second keys comprise random phase functions.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
17 words
The method of claim 1 wherein said first and second keys comprise complex amplitude and phase functions.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
16 words
The method of claim 7 wherein said random phase functions comprise generally uniformly distributed white sequences.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
15 words
The method of claim 1 wherein said first and second keys comprise one dimensional functions.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
15 words
The method of claim 1 wherein said first and second keys comprise two dimensional functions.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
21 words
The method of claim 1 wherein said first domain is a space domain and said second domain is a Fourier domain.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
24 words
The method of claim 2 wherein said optical image, digitized image, one-dimensional data, two-dimensional data, electrical signal or optical signal comprises a plurality thereof.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
117 words
The method of claim 12 wherein: said first key comprises a function expressed as exp(jn(x,y)), where n(x,y) comprises a white sequence uniformly distributed on (0, 2π) and x and y are coordinates of said space domain; said second key comprises a function expressed as exp(jb(α, β)), where b(α, β) comprises a white sequence uniformly distributed on (0, 2π) and α and β are the coordinates of said Fourier domain; said encrypted information has a function expressed as φ(x,y)=(ƒ(x,y) exp (jn(x,y)))*μ(x,y) where μ(x,y) is an inverse Fourier transform of exp(jb (α, β)) and * denotes a convolution operation; and said third key comprises a function expressed as exp(-jb(α, β)) which is a complex conjugate of said second key.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
108 words
The method of claim 12 wherein: said first key comprises a function expressed as exp(jn(x)), where n(x) comprises a white sequence uniformly distributed on (0, 2π) and x is a coordinate of said space domain; said second key comprises a function expressed as exp(jb(v)), where comprises a white sequence uniformly distributed on (0, 2π) and v is a coordinate of said Fourier domain; said encrypted information has a function expressed as φ(x)=(ƒ(x) exp (jn(x)))*μ(x) where μ(x) is an inverse Fourier transform of exp(jb(v)) and * denotes a convolution operation; and said third key comprises a function expressed as exp(-jb(v)) which is a complex conjugate of said second key.
Claim 17
Independent Claim
90 words
A method of encrypting original information comprising the steps of: multiplying said original information by a first key to generate a first product of said original information and said first key in a first domain; transforming said first product from said first domain into a second domain to generate a transformed product in said second domain; multiplying said transformed product by a second key in said second domain to generate a second product; and transforming said second product from said second domain to said first domain to generate encrypted information.
Claim 18
Independent Claim
90 words
A method of encrypting original information comprising the steps of: multiplying said original information by a first key to generate a first product of said original information and said first key in a first domain; transforming said first product from said first domain into a second domain to generate a transformed product in said second domain; multiplying said transformed product by a second key in said second domain to generate a second product; and transforming said second product from said second domain to said first domain to generate encrypted information.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
26 words
The method of claim 16 wherein said information comprises an optical image, a digitized image, one-dimensional data, two-dimensional data, an electrical signal or an optical signal.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
22 words
The method of claim 16 further comprising the step of: phase encoding said original information prior to said first step of multiplying.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
13 words
The method of claim 16 wherein said steps of transforming comprises Fourier transforming.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
15 words
The method of claim 16 wherein said first and second keys comprise random phase functions.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
17 words
The method of claim 16 wherein said first and second keys comprise complex amplitude and phase functions.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
16 words
The method of claim 19 wherein said random phase functions comprise generally uniformly distributed white sequences.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
15 words
The method of claim 16 wherein said first and second keys comprise one dimensional functions.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
15 words
The method of claim 16 wherein said first and second keys comprise two dimensional functions.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
21 words
The method of claim 16 wherein said first domain is a space domain and said second domain is a Fourier domain.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
96 words
The method of claim 25 wherein: said first key comprises a function expressed as exp(jn(x,y)), where n(x,y) comprises a white sequence uniformly distributed on (0, 2π) and x and y are coordinates of said space domain; said second key comprises a function expressed as exp(jb(α, β)), where comprises a white sequence uniformly distributed on (0, 2π) and α and β are the coordinates of said Fourier domain; and said encrypted information has a function expressed as φ(x,y)=(ƒ(x,y) exp (jn(x,y)))* μ(x,y) where μ(x,y) is an inverse Fourier transform of exp(jb(α, β)) and * denotes a convolution operation.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
90 words
The method of claim 25 wherein: said first key comprises a function expressed as exp(jn(x)), where n(x) comprises a white sequence uniformly distributed on (0, 2π) and x is a coordinate of said space domain; said second key comprises a function expressed as exp(jb(v)), where comprises a white sequence uniformly distributed on (0, 2π) and v is a coordinate of said Fourier domain; and said encrypted information has a function expressed as φ(x)=(ƒ(x) exp (jn(x)))*μ(x) where μ(x) is an inverse Fourier transform of exp(jb(v)) and * denotes a convolution operation.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
24 words
The method of claim 17 wherein said optical image, digitized image, one-dimensional data, two-dimensional data, electrical signal or optical signal comprises a plurality thereof.
Claim 31
Independent Claim
119 words
A method of decrypting encrypted information comprising the steps of: transforming said encrypted information from a first domain to a second domain to generate first transformed encrypted information; multiplying said first transformed encrypted information by a first key in said second domain to generate a first product, said first key being a conjugate of a second key used to generate said encrypted information, wherein said second key is removed from said encrypted information; transforming said first product from said second domain to said first domain to generate a second transformed product in said first domain; and removing a third key used to generate said encrypted information from said second transformed product to provide decrypted information indicative of original information.
Claim 32
Independent Claim
119 words
A method of decrypting encrypted information comprising the steps of: transforming said encrypted information from a first domain to a second domain to generate first transformed encrypted information; multiplying said first transformed encrypted information by a first key in said second domain to generate a first product, said first key being a conjugate of a second key used to generate said encrypted information, wherein said second key is removed from said encrypted information; transforming said first product from said second domain to said first domain to generate a second transformed product in said first domain; and removing a third key used to generate said encrypted information from said second transformed product to provide decrypted information indicative of original information.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
26 words
The method of claim 29 wherein said information comprises an optical image, a digitized image, one-dimensional data, two-dimensional data, an electrical signal or an optical signal.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
49 words
The method of claim 29 wherein said step of removing comprises: multiplying said second transformed product by a fourth key in said first domain to generate said decrypted information, said fourth key being a conjugate of said first key wherein said first key is removed from said encrypted information.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
20 words
The method of claim 29 wherein said step of removing comprises: removing said first key with an intensity sensitive device.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
13 words
The method of claim 29 wherein said steps of transforming comprises Fourier transforming.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
15 words
The method of claim 29 wherein said second and third keys comprise random phase functions.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
16 words
The method of claim 34 wherein said random phase functions comprise generally uniformly distributed white sequences.
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
15 words
The method of claim 29 wherein said second and third keys comprise one dimensional functions.
Claim 40
Dependent Claim
15 words
The method of claim 29 wherein said second and third keys comprise two dimensional functions.
Claim 41
Dependent Claim
21 words
The method of claim 29 wherein said first domain is a space domain and said second domain is a Fourier domain.
Claim 42
Dependent Claim
24 words
The method of claim 30 wherein said optical image, digitized image, one-dimensional data, two-dimensional data, electrical signal or optical signal comprises a plurality thereof.
Claim 43
Dependent Claim
114 words
The method of claim 38 wherein: said second key comprises a function expressed as exp(jb(α, β), where comprises a white sequence uniformly distributed on (0, 2π) and α and β are the coordinates of said Fourier domain; said third key comprises a function expressed as exp(jn(x,y)), where n(x,y) comprises a white sequence uniformly distributed on (0, 2π) and x and y are coordinates of said space domain; said encrypted information has a function expressed as φ(x,y)=(ƒ(x,y) exp (jn(x,y)))*μ(x,y) where μ(x,y) is an inverse Fourier transform of exp(jb(α, β)) and * denotes a convolution operation; and said first key comprises a function expressed as exp(-jb(α, β)) which is a complex conjugate of said second key.
Claim 44
Dependent Claim
108 words
The method of claim 38 wherein: said second key comprises a function expressed as exp(jb(v)), where comprises a white sequence uniformly distributed on (0, 2π) and v is a coordinate of said Fourier domain; said third key comprises a function expressed as exp(jn(x)), where n(x) comprises a white sequence uniformly distributed on (0, 2π) and x is a coordinate of said space domain; said encrypted information has a function expressed as φ(x)=(ƒ(x) exp (jn(x)))*μ(x) where μ(x) is an inverse Fourier transform of exp(jb(v)) and * denotes a convolution operation; and said first key comprises a function expressed as exp(-jb(v)) which is a complex conjugate of said second key.
Claim 45
Independent Claim
167 words
A method of encryption and decryption comprising the steps of: encrypting original information, comprising the step of, (1) transforming said original information from said first domain into a second domain to generate a transformed original information in said second domain, (2) multiplying said transformed original information by a first key in said second domain to generate a first product, (3) transforming said first product from said second domain to said first domain to generate an encrypted information; and decrypting said encrypted information, comprising the steps of, (1) transforming said encrypted information from said first domain to said second domain to generate a transformed encrypted information, (2) multiplying said transformed encrypted information by a second key in said second domain to generate a second product, said second key being a conjugate of said first key wherein said first key is removed from said encrypted information, and (3) transforming said second product from said second domain to said first domain to provided decrypted information indicative of said original information.
Claim 46
Independent Claim
167 words
A method of encryption and decryption comprising the steps of: encrypting original information, comprising the step of, (1) transforming said original information from said first domain into a second domain to generate a transformed original information in said second domain, (2) multiplying said transformed original information by a first key in said second domain to generate a first product, (3) transforming said first product from said second domain to said first domain to generate an encrypted information; and decrypting said encrypted information, comprising the steps of, (1) transforming said encrypted information from said first domain to said second domain to generate a transformed encrypted information, (2) multiplying said transformed encrypted information by a second key in said second domain to generate a second product, said second key being a conjugate of said first key wherein said first key is removed from said encrypted information, and (3) transforming said second product from said second domain to said first domain to provided decrypted information indicative of said original information.
Claim 47
Dependent Claim
26 words
The method of claim 42 wherein said information comprises an optical image, a digitized image, one-dimensional data, two-dimensional data, an electrical signal or an optical signal.
Claim 48
Dependent Claim
39 words
The method of claim 42 further comprising the steps of: phase encoding said original information prior to said step (1), of said step of encrypting; and removing said phase encoding from said encrypted information to provided said decrypted information.
Claim 49
Dependent Claim
13 words
The method of claim 42 wherein said steps of transforming comprise Fourier transforming.
Claim 50
Dependent Claim
14 words
The method of claim 42 wherein said first key comprises a random phase function.
Claim 51
Dependent Claim
16 words
The method of claim 42 wherein said first key comprises a complex amplitude and phase function.
Claim 52
Dependent Claim
17 words
The method of claim 46 wherein said random phase function comprise a generally uniformly distributed white sequence.
Claim 53
Dependent Claim
14 words
The method of claim 42 wherein said first key comprises a one dimensional function.
Claim 54
Dependent Claim
14 words
The method of claim 42 wherein said first key comprises a two dimensional function.
Claim 55
Dependent Claim
21 words
The method of claim 42 wherein said first domain is a space domain and said second domain is a Fourier domain.
Claim 56
Dependent Claim
84 words
The method of claim 51 wherein: said first key comprises a function expressed as exp(jb(α, β)), where b(α, β) comprises a white sequence uniformly distributed on (0, 2π) and α and β are the coordinates of said Fourier domain; said encrypted information has a function expressed as φ(x,y)=ƒ(x,y)*μ(x,y) where μ(x,y) is an inverse Fourier transform of exp(jb(α, β)) and * denotes a convolution operation; and said second key comprises a function expressed as exp(-jb(α, β)) which is a complex conjugate of said first key.
Claim 57
Dependent Claim
77 words
The method of claim 51 wherein: said first key comprises a function expressed as exp(jb(v)), where comprises a white sequence uniformly distributed on (0, 2π) and v is a coordinate of said Fourier domain; said encrypted information has a function expressed as φ(x)=ƒ(x)*μ(x) where μ(x) is an inverse Fourier transform of exp(jb(v)) and * denotes a convolution operation; and said second key comprises a function expressed as exp(-jb(v)) which is a complex conjugate of said first key.
Claim 58
Dependent Claim
24 words
The method of claim 43 wherein said optical image, digitized image, one-dimensional data, two-dimensional data, electrical signal or optical signal comprises a plurality thereof.
Claim 59
Independent Claim
126 words
A method of encryption and decryption comprising the steps of: encrypting original information, comprising the step of, (1) jointly transforming said original information and a first key to generate a first joint power spectrum thereof, (2) transforming said first joint power spectrum to generate an encrypted information which is indicative of a correlation between said original information and said first key; and decrypting said encrypted information, comprising the steps of, (1) jointly transforming said encrypted information and a second key to generate a second joint power spectrum, said second function being a conjugate of said first key, (2) transforming said second joint power spectrum to provided decrypted information indicative of said original information and indicative of a correlation between said encrypted information and said second key.
Claim 60
Independent Claim
126 words
A method of encryption and decryption comprising the steps of: encrypting original information, comprising the step of, (1) jointly transforming said original information and a first key to generate a first joint power spectrum thereof, (2) transforming said first joint power spectrum to generate an encrypted information which is indicative of a correlation between said original information and said first key; and decrypting said encrypted information, comprising the steps of, (1) jointly transforming said encrypted information and a second key to generate a second joint power spectrum, said second function being a conjugate of said first key, (2) transforming said second joint power spectrum to provided decrypted information indicative of said original information and indicative of a correlation between said encrypted information and said second key.
Claim 61
Dependent Claim
26 words
The method of claim 55 wherein said information comprises an optical image, a digitized image, one-dimensional data, two-dimensional data, an electrical signal or an optical signal.
Claim 62
Dependent Claim
42 words
The method of claim 55 further comprising the steps of: multiplying said original information by a third key, prior to said step (1) of said step of encrypting; and removing said third key from said encrypted information to provide said decrypted information.
Claim 63
Dependent Claim
48 words
The method of claim 55 further comprising the steps of: phase encoding said original information prior to said step (1) of said step of encrypting; and removing said phase encoding from said encrypted information to provided said decrypted information. removing said first function with an intensity sensitive device.
Claim 64
Dependent Claim
13 words
The method of claim 55 wherein said steps of transforming comprise Fourier transforming.
Claim 65
Dependent Claim
86 words
The method of claim 55 wherein: said first key comprises a function expressed as exp(jb(α, β)), where b(α, β) comprises a white sequence uniformly distributed on (0, 2π) and α and β are the coordinates of a Fourier domain; said encrypted information has a function expressed as μ(x,y)=(ƒ(x,y) exp (jn(x,y)))*μ(x,y) where μ(x,y) is an inverse Fourier transform of exp(jb(α, β)) and * denotes a convolution operation; and said second key comprises a function expressed as exp(-jb(α, β)) which is a complex conjugate of said first key.
Claim 66
Dependent Claim
79 words
The method of claim 55 wherein: said first key comprises a function expressed as exp(jb(v)), where comprises a white sequence uniformly distributed on (0, 2π) and v is a coordinate of a Fourier domain; said encrypted information has a function expressed as φ(x)=(ƒ(x) exp (jn(x)))*μ(x) where μ(x) is an inverse Fourier transform of exp(jb(v)) and * denotes a convolution operation; and said second key comprises a function expressed as exp(-jb(v)) which is a complex conjugate of said first key.
Claim 67
Dependent Claim
24 words
The method of claim 56 wherein said optical image, digitized image, one-dimensional data, two-dimensional data, electrical signal or optical signal comprises a plurality thereof.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
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| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 2002-05-10 | 2002-11-09 | 2003-05-11 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 2006-05-10 | 2006-11-09 | 2007-05-11 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
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