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US5867379A
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US
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Non-linear carrier controllers for high power factor rectification
Assignee: University of Colorado Denver
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Filing: 1995-01-12
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Granted: 1999-02-02
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Expires: 2015-01-12
Abstract
Abstract This patent disclosure describes new non-linear carrier-pulse-width modulators for control of high power-factor boost rectifiers. In the new modulators, the switch duty ratio is determined by comparing a signal derived from the main switch current with a periodic, nonlinear carrier signal nu c (t, nu m). The shape of the carrier is selected so that the resulting input current follows the input voltage, as required for unity-power-factor rectification. A slowly-varying modulating input nu m can be used to adjust the power level and to regulate the output dc voltage. The controller based on the new non-linear-carrier modulator has a number of advantageous properties: sensing of the input line voltage is eliminated; for current shaping, only sensing of the power switch current is needed; current shaping does not require an error amplifier with feedback loop compensation; the multiplier in the voltage feedback loop is eliminated; and the converter operates in the continuous conduction mode. The controller is potentially well-suited for integrated-circuit implementation. It can be expected that a dedicated IC based on the feed-forward modulators disclosed here would be simpler and would require less i/o pins than ICs currently available for power-factor correction, while offering comparable or improved performance.
Inventors
- 👤 Dragan Maksimovic
- 👤 Robert W. Erickson
- 👤 Yungtaek Jang
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-02 20:57
CPC Classifications
H; H02; H02M; H02M1/00; H02M1/42; H02M1/4208; H02M1/4225; Y; Y02; Y02B; Y02B70/00; Y02B70/10
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 17
Claim 1
Independent Claim
179 words
In a boost rectifier a method to emulate a resistive load on the input power line comprising the steps of: sensing a current of a switching means which is located inside the rectifier; integrating the sensed switch current to compute a voltage (V q ); sensing a negative of the rectifier output voltage and summing it with a reference voltage thereby yielding an error voltage; amplifying the error voltage with a voltage loop error amplifier to obtain a carrier generator input voltage (V m ); generating a non-linear carrier waveform (V c (t)) whose amplitude is proportional to the carrier generator input voltage (V m ) according to the formula: ##EQU19## where t=time from the beginning of the switching period and T s =the switching period; using a clock to set a flip flop to turn on the switching means at the beginning of each switching period; and comparing Voltage (V q ) with non-linear carrier waveform (V c (t)) and resetting the flip flop to turn off the switching means when (V q ) exceeds (V c (t)).
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
179 words
In a boost rectifier a method to emulate a resistive load on the input power line comprising the steps of: sensing a current of a switching means which is located inside the rectifier; integrating the sensed switch current to compute a voltage (V q ); sensing a negative of the rectifier output voltage and summing it with a reference voltage thereby yielding an error voltage; amplifying the error voltage with a voltage loop error amplifier to obtain a carrier generator input voltage (V m ); generating a non-linear carrier waveform (V c (t)) whose amplitude is proportional to the carrier generator input voltage (V m ) according to the formula: ##EQU19## where t=time from the beginning of the switching period and T s =the switching period; using a clock to set a flip flop to turn on the switching means at the beginning of each switching period; and comparing Voltage (V q ) with non-linear carrier waveform (V c (t)) and resetting the flip flop to turn off the switching means when (V q ) exceeds (V c (t)).
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
222 words
In a boost rectifier a method to emulate a resistive load on the input power line comprising the steps of: sensing a current of a switching means which is located inside the rectifier, producing a voltage (V s ) proportional to the current of the switch means; sensing a negative of the rectifier output voltage (V) and summing it with a reference voltage thereby yielding an error voltage; amplifying the error voltage with a voltage loop error amplifier to obtain a carrier generator input voltage (V m ); generating a non-linear carrier waveform (V c (t)) whose amplitude is proportional to the carrier generator input voltage (V m ) according to the formula: V c (t)=(V m +Kt/T s (1-t/T s ) where T s =the switching period and t=time from the beginning of the switching period, K=VR s /2Lf s where V=the output voltage of the boost rectifier, R s =the switch current sense resistor, L=the series inductor of the boost rectifier, and f s =the switching frequency; using a clock to set a flip flop to turn on the switching means at the beginning of each switching period; and comparing Voltage (V s ) with parabolic carrier waveform (V c (t)) and resetting the flip flop to turn off the switching means when (V s ) exceeds (V c (t)).
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
222 words
In a boost rectifier a method to emulate a resistive load on the input power line comprising the steps of: sensing a current of a switching means which is located inside the rectifier, producing a voltage (V s ) proportional to the current of the switch means; sensing a negative of the rectifier output voltage (V) and summing it with a reference voltage thereby yielding an error voltage; amplifying the error voltage with a voltage loop error amplifier to obtain a carrier generator input voltage (V m ); generating a non-linear carrier waveform (V c (t)) whose amplitude is proportional to the carrier generator input voltage (V m ) according to the formula: V c (t)=(V m +Kt/T s (1-t/T s ) where T s =the switching period and t=time from the beginning of the switching period, K=VR s /2Lf s where V=the output voltage of the boost rectifier, R s =the switch current sense resistor, L=the series inductor of the boost rectifier, and f s =the switching frequency; using a clock to set a flip flop to turn on the switching means at the beginning of each switching period; and comparing Voltage (V s ) with parabolic carrier waveform (V c (t)) and resetting the flip flop to turn off the switching means when (V s ) exceeds (V c (t)).
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
36 words
The process of claim 2 further comprising the step of limiting the current of the switching means by means of adding a zener diode between the output of the carrier generator (V c (t)) and ground.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
190 words
In a boost rectifier an apparatus to emulate a resistive load on the input power line comprising: means for sensing a current of a switching means which is located inside the rectifier; means for integrating the sensed switch current to compute a voltage (V q ); means for sensing a negative of the rectifier output voltage and summing it with a reference voltage thereby yielding an error voltage; means for amplifying the error voltage with a voltage loop error amplifier to obtain a carrier generator input voltage (V m ); means for generating a non-linear carrier waveform (V c (t)) whose amplitude is proportional to the carrier generator input voltage (V m ) according to the formula: ##EQU20## where t=time from the beginning of the switching period and T s =the switching period; means for using a clock to set a flip flop to turn on the switching means at the beginning of each switching period; and means for comparing Voltage (V q ) with non-linear carrier waveform (V c (t)) and resetting the flip flop to turn off the switching means when (V q ) exceeds (V c (t)).
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
190 words
In a boost rectifier an apparatus to emulate a resistive load on the input power line comprising: means for sensing a current of a switching means which is located inside the rectifier; means for integrating the sensed switch current to compute a voltage (V q ); means for sensing a negative of the rectifier output voltage and summing it with a reference voltage thereby yielding an error voltage; means for amplifying the error voltage with a voltage loop error amplifier to obtain a carrier generator input voltage (V m ); means for generating a non-linear carrier waveform (V c (t)) whose amplitude is proportional to the carrier generator input voltage (V m ) according to the formula: ##EQU20## where t=time from the beginning of the switching period and T s =the switching period; means for using a clock to set a flip flop to turn on the switching means at the beginning of each switching period; and means for comparing Voltage (V q ) with non-linear carrier waveform (V c (t)) and resetting the flip flop to turn off the switching means when (V q ) exceeds (V c (t)).
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
231 words
In a boost rectifier an apparatus to emulate a resistive load on the input power line comprising: means for sensing a current of a switching means which is located inside the rectifier, producing a voltage (V s ) proportional to the current of the switch means; means for sensing a negative of the rectifier output voltage (V) and summing it with a reference voltage thereby yielding an error voltage; means for amplifying the error voltage with a voltage loop error amplifier to obtain a carrier generator input voltage (V m ); means for generating a non-linear carrier waveform (V c (t)) whose amplitude is proportional to the carrier generator input voltage (V m ) according to the formula: V c (t)=(V m +Kt/T s )(1-t/T s ) where T s =the switching period and t=time from the beginning of the switching period, K=VR s /2Lf s where V=the output voltage of the boost rectifier, R s =the switch current sense resistor, L=the series inductor of the boost rectifier, and f s =the switching frequency; means for using a clock to set a flip flop to turn on the switching means at the beginning of each switching period; and means for comparing Voltage (V s ) with non-linear carrier waveform (V c (t)) and resetting the flip flop to turn off the switching means when (V s ) exceeds (V c (t)).
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
231 words
In a boost rectifier an apparatus to emulate a resistive load on the input power line comprising: means for sensing a current of a switching means which is located inside the rectifier, producing a voltage (V s ) proportional to the current of the switch means; means for sensing a negative of the rectifier output voltage (V) and summing it with a reference voltage thereby yielding an error voltage; means for amplifying the error voltage with a voltage loop error amplifier to obtain a carrier generator input voltage (V m ); means for generating a non-linear carrier waveform (V c (t)) whose amplitude is proportional to the carrier generator input voltage (V m ) according to the formula: V c (t)=(V m +Kt/T s )(1-t/T s ) where T s =the switching period and t=time from the beginning of the switching period, K=VR s /2Lf s where V=the output voltage of the boost rectifier, R s =the switch current sense resistor, L=the series inductor of the boost rectifier, and f s =the switching frequency; means for using a clock to set a flip flop to turn on the switching means at the beginning of each switching period; and means for comparing Voltage (V s ) with non-linear carrier waveform (V c (t)) and resetting the flip flop to turn off the switching means when (V s ) exceeds (V c (t)).
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
35 words
The apparatus of claim 5 further comprising means for limiting the current of the switching means by means of adding a zener diode between the output of the carrier generator (V c (t)) and ground.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
15 words
The apparatus of claim 4 wherein said current sensing means further comprises a sense resistor.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
17 words
The apparatus of claim 4 wherein said integrating means further comprises an integrator with a reset switch.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
41 words
The apparatus of claim 4 wherein the means for sensing a negative of the rectifier output voltage, and summing it with a reference voltage thereby yielding an error voltage, and a means for amplifying the error voltage further comprises an amplifier.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
209 words
The apparatus of claim 4 wherein said means for generating a non-linear carrier waveform (V c (t)) according to the formula, ##EQU21## further comprises a circuit comprising: a first current source controlled by the generator input voltage (V m ); a summing junction having a positive and a negative input, and an output; said generator input voltage (V m ) connected to said negative input of said summing junction, and to a point of reference potential; said first current source connected between said positive input to said summing junction and said point of reference potential; a first capacitor connected between said positive input to said summing junction and said point of reference potential; a switch controlled by an external clock and connected between said positive input to said summing junction and said point of reference potential; a second current source controlled by said output of said summing junction; said current source connected between said non-linear carrier waveform V c (t) and said point of reference potential; a second capacitor connected between said non-linear carrier waveform V c (t) and said point of reference potential; and a second switch controlled by an external clock and connected between said non-linear carrier waveform V c (t) and said point of reference potential.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
15 words
The apparatus of claim 5 wherein said current sensing means further comprises a sense resistor.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
41 words
The apparatus of claim 5 wherein the means for sensing a negative of the rectifier output voltage, and summing it with a reference voltage thereby yielding an error voltage, and a means for amplifying the error voltage further comprises an amplifier.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
248 words
The apparatus of claim 5 wherein said means for generating a non-linear carrier waveform (V c (t)) according to the formula, ##EQU22## further comprises: a first current source; a first and second summing junction each having positive and negative inputs, and each has an output; said generator input voltage (V m ) connected to a positive input to said first and second summing junction, and to a point of reference potential; said K further comprising a connection to the negative input of said first summing junction; said first current source connected between a second positive input to said first summing junction and said point of reference potential; a first capacitor connected between said second positive input to said first summing junction and said point of reference potential; a switch controlled by an external clock and connected between said second positive input to said first summing junction and said point of reference potential; a second current source controlled by said output of said first summing junction; said current source connected between a second positive input to said second summing junction and said point of reference potential; a second capacitor connected between said second positive input to said second summing junction and said point of reference potential; a second switch controlled by an external clock and connected between said second positive input to said second summing junction and said point of reference potential; and the output of said second summing junction further comprises the non-linear carrier waveform (V c (t)).
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| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
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| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 2002-02-01 | 2002-08-03 | 2003-02-02 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 2006-02-01 | 2006-08-03 | 2007-02-02 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
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