Patent US5826227A successfully refreshed from Google Patents.
US5826227A
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US
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Hiding a source identifier within a signal
Assignee: Nokia of America Corp
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Filing: 1995-12-18
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Granted: 1998-10-20
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Expires: 2015-12-18
Abstract
Abstract A digital audio broadcasting system incorporates a perceptual audio coder that encodes a digital audio signal for broadcast. A "source label" is provided by controlling the perceptual audio coder in such a way that the number of coefficient samples, n, used in each transmission frame represents information about the source. For example, if the value of n is odd, then a binary "1" is transmitted, but if the value of n is even, then a binary "0" is transmitted. As a result, a low-bit rate "source label" is transmitted over a number of frames. In a receiver, the source of the digital audio signal is identified by simply monitoring the value of n over the number of frames. More importantly, the value of n in each frame is required by a corresponding perceptual audio decoder, in the receiver, to correctly recover the digital audio signal. As a result, the "source label" is inseparable from the encoded digital audio signal since any tampering of the value of n after transmission distorts not only the "source label" but affects the recovery of the digital audio signal as well.
Inventors
- 👤 Nuggehally Sampath Jayant
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-09 18:34
CPC Classifications
H; H04; H04H; H04H20/00; H04H20/28; H04H20/30; H04H20/31; G; G11; G11B; G11B20/00; G11B20/00007; G11B20/10; G11B20/10527; H04H2201/00; H04H2201/10; H04H2201/20; H04H2201/50
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 62
Claim 1
Independent Claim
65 words
A method for compressing an original signal to provide a compressed signal, the method comprising the steps of: associating a sequence of data bits with a source label; and compressing the original signal to provide the compressed signal such that the data representing the compressed signal is selected as a function of the original signal and values of ones of the sequence of data bits.
Claim 2
Independent Claim
65 words
A method for compressing an original signal to provide a compressed signal, the method comprising the steps of: associating a sequence of data bits with a source label; and compressing the original signal to provide the compressed signal such that the data representing the compressed signal is selected as a function of the original signal and values of ones of the sequence of data bits.
Claim 3
Independent Claim
93 words
A method for compressing an original signal to provide a compressed signal, the method comprising the steps of: associating a sequence of data bits with a source label; and compressing the original signal to provide a compressed signal representing a sequence of frames, each frame including a number of coefficients that represent some of the data representing the compressed signal, such that in at least some of the frames the respective number of coefficients is selected as a function of values of ones of the sequence data bits associated with the source label.
Claim 4
Independent Claim
93 words
A method for compressing an original signal to provide a compressed signal, the method comprising the steps of: associating a sequence of data bits with a source label; and compressing the original signal to provide a compressed signal representing a sequence of frames, each frame including a number of coefficients that represent some of the data representing the compressed signal, such that in at least some of the frames the respective number of coefficients is selected as a function of values of ones of the sequence data bits associated with the source label.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
12 words
The method of claim 2 wherein the compressing step uses perceptual coding.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
19 words
The method of claim 2 wherein a portion of the associated sequence of data bits includes error protection bits.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
64 words
The method of claim 2 wherein the compressing step includes the steps of: selecting an even number of coefficients in each frame if a value of ones of the sequence of data bits is a first binary value; and selecting an odd number of coefficients in each frame if a value of ones of the sequence of data bits is the other binary value.
Claim 8
Independent Claim
84 words
A method for embedding data within an information signal, the method comprising the steps of: perceptually coding an input signal to provide the information signal, which comprises a number of frames, each frame comprising a number of perceptual coding coefficients; and during the coding step adjusting the number of perceptual coding coefficients in at least some of the frames as a function of a bit value of the data such that over the number of frames the data is embedded within the information signal.
Claim 9
Independent Claim
84 words
A method for embedding data within an information signal, the method comprising the steps of: perceptually coding an input signal to provide the information signal, which comprises a number of frames, each frame comprising a number of perceptual coding coefficients; and during the coding step adjusting the number of perceptual coding coefficients in at least some of the frames as a function of a bit value of the data such that over the number of frames the data is embedded within the information signal.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
13 words
The method of claim 6 wherein the input signal is an audio signal.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
13 words
The method of claim 6 wherein the input signal is a multi-media signal.
Claim 12
Independent Claim
95 words
A method for integrating a source label into an encoded signal, the method comprising the steps of: associating a sequence of data bits with the source label; encoding a signal to provide the encoded signal, where the encoded signal comprises a number of frames, each frame including at least one parameter that is required by a receiver to correctly recover the signal where in at least some of the frames the at least one parameter is also selected as a function of values of ones of the sequence of data bits representing the source label.
Claim 13
Independent Claim
95 words
A method for integrating a source label into an encoded signal, the method comprising the steps of: associating a sequence of data bits with the source label; encoding a signal to provide the encoded signal, where the encoded signal comprises a number of frames, each frame including at least one parameter that is required by a receiver to correctly recover the signal where in at least some of the frames the at least one parameter is also selected as a function of values of ones of the sequence of data bits representing the source label.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
22 words
The method of claim 9 wherein a portion of the sequence of data bits associated with the source label provides error protection.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
11 words
The method of claim 9 wherein the signal represents audio information.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
11 words
The method of claim 9 wherein the signal represents multi-media information.
Claim 17
Independent Claim
77 words
A method for encoding a signal comprising the steps of: providing a sequence of data bits representative of a source label; and perceptually coding the signal to provide coefficients representing an encoded signal over a sequence of frames such that a number of coefficients in at least some of the frames of the encoded signal is selected as a function of both signal characteristics of the signal and values of ones of the sequence of data bits.
Claim 18
Independent Claim
77 words
A method for encoding a signal comprising the steps of: providing a sequence of data bits representative of a source label; and perceptually coding the signal to provide coefficients representing an encoded signal over a sequence of frames such that a number of coefficients in at least some of the frames of the encoded signal is selected as a function of both signal characteristics of the signal and values of ones of the sequence of data bits.
Claim 19
Independent Claim
78 words
A method for use in compressing a signal comprising the steps of: providing a sequence of data bits representative of a source label; and compressing the signal to provide coefficients representing a compressed signal over a sequence of frames such that a number of coefficients in at least some of the frames of the compressed signal is selected as a function of both signal characteristics of the signal and values of ones of the sequence of data bits.
Claim 20
Independent Claim
78 words
A method for use in compressing a signal comprising the steps of: providing a sequence of data bits representative of a source label; and compressing the signal to provide coefficients representing a compressed signal over a sequence of frames such that a number of coefficients in at least some of the frames of the compressed signal is selected as a function of both signal characteristics of the signal and values of ones of the sequence of data bits.
Claim 21
Independent Claim
84 words
A method for recovering a signal, the method comprising the steps of: receiving an encoded signal; and decoding the signal to provide both the signal and a source label; wherein the decoding step includes the steps of recovering from the encoded signal at least one sequence of coefficients; using a decompressor for forming the signal as a function of a value of each coefficient; and using a decoder for forming the source label as a function of the number of coefficients in the sequence.
Claim 22
Independent Claim
84 words
A method for recovering a signal, the method comprising the steps of: receiving an encoded signal; and decoding the signal to provide both the signal and a source label; wherein the decoding step includes the steps of recovering from the encoded signal at least one sequence of coefficients; using a decompressor for forming the signal as a function of a value of each coefficient; and using a decoder for forming the source label as a function of the number of coefficients in the sequence.
Claim 23
Independent Claim
65 words
A method for recovering a signal, the method comprising the steps of: receiving a compressed signal; and decompressing the compressed signal to provide the signal and a source label such that the signal is recovered as a function of individual data values representing the compressed signal and the source label is recovered as a function of a number of data values representing the compressed signal.
Claim 24
Independent Claim
65 words
A method for recovering a signal, the method comprising the steps of: receiving a compressed signal; and decompressing the compressed signal to provide the signal and a source label such that the signal is recovered as a function of individual data values representing the compressed signal and the source label is recovered as a function of a number of data values representing the compressed signal.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
81 words
The method of claim 16 wherein each data value is a coefficient and the compressed signal represents a sequence of frames and the decompressing step includes the steps of: recovering from each frame of the compressed signal a number of coefficients, each coefficient representing a sample of the signal; processing each one of the number of coefficients from each frame to provide the signal; and decoding the value of the number of coefficients in each frame to recover the source label.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
44 words
The method of claim 17 wherein the decoding step includes the steps of: detecting a first binary value if the value of the number of coefficients is odd; and detecting the other binary value if the value of the number of coefficients is even.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
57 words
Apparatus for compressing a signal, the apparatus comprising: a source of a sequence of data bits representing a source label; and a compressor that compresses the signal to provide a compressed signal such that data representing the compressed signal is selected as a function of the signal and values of ones of the sequence of data bits.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
57 words
Apparatus for compressing a signal, the apparatus comprising: a source of a sequence of data bits representing a source label; and a compressor that compresses the signal to provide a compressed signal such that data representing the compressed signal is selected as a function of the signal and values of ones of the sequence of data bits.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
77 words
Apparatus for compressing a signal, the apparatus comprising: a source of a sequence of data bits representing a source label; and a compressor that compresses the signal to provide a compressed signal representing a sequence of frames, each frame including a number of coefficients such that in at least some of the frames the respective number of coefficients is selected as a function of values of ones of the sequence data bits associated with the source label.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
77 words
Apparatus for compressing a signal, the apparatus comprising: a source of a sequence of data bits representing a source label; and a compressor that compresses the signal to provide a compressed signal representing a sequence of frames, each frame including a number of coefficients such that in at least some of the frames the respective number of coefficients is selected as a function of values of ones of the sequence data bits associated with the source label.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
12 words
The apparatus of claim 20, wherein the compressor is a perceptual coder.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
22 words
The apparatus of claim 20 wherein a portion of the sequence of data bits representing the source label includes error protection bits.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
59 words
The apparatus of claim 20 wherein the compressor selects an even number of coefficients in each frame if a value of ones of the sequence of data bits is a first binary value, and selects an odd number of coefficients in each frame if a value of ones of the sequence of data bits is the other binary value.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
84 words
Apparatus for compressing a signal, the apparatus comprising: a source for providing data; and a perceptual coder responsive to the signal to provide a compressed signal, which comprises a number of frames, each frame comprising a number of perceptual coding coefficients where the perceptual coder adjusts the number of perceptual coding coefficients in at least some of the frames as a function of a bit value of the data such that over the number of frames the data is embedded within the information signal.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
84 words
Apparatus for compressing a signal, the apparatus comprising: a source for providing data; and a perceptual coder responsive to the signal to provide a compressed signal, which comprises a number of frames, each frame comprising a number of perceptual coding coefficients where the perceptual coder adjusts the number of perceptual coding coefficients in at least some of the frames as a function of a bit value of the data such that over the number of frames the data is embedded within the information signal.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
12 words
The apparatus of claim 24 wherein the signal is an audio signal.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
12 words
The apparatus of claim 24 wherein the signal is a multi-media signal.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
101 words
Apparatus for integrating a source label into an encoded signal, the apparatus comprising: a source label encoder for providing a sequence of data bits associated with the source label; an encoder for encoding a signal to provide the encoded signal, where the encoded signal comprises a number of frames, each frame including at least one parameter that is required by a receiver to correctly recover the signal where in at least some of the frames the at least one parameter is also selected as a function of values of ones of the sequence of data bits associated with the source label.
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
101 words
Apparatus for integrating a source label into an encoded signal, the apparatus comprising: a source label encoder for providing a sequence of data bits associated with the source label; an encoder for encoding a signal to provide the encoded signal, where the encoded signal comprises a number of frames, each frame including at least one parameter that is required by a receiver to correctly recover the signal where in at least some of the frames the at least one parameter is also selected as a function of values of ones of the sequence of data bits associated with the source label.
Claim 40
Dependent Claim
22 words
The apparatus of claim 27 wherein a portion of the sequence of data bits associated with the source label provides error protection.
Claim 41
Dependent Claim
11 words
The apparatus of claim 27 wherein the signal represents audio information.
Claim 42
Dependent Claim
11 words
The apparatus of claim 27 wherein the signal represents multi-media information.
Claim 43
Dependent Claim
79 words
Apparatus for encoding a signal, the apparatus comprising: means for providing a sequence of data bits representative of a source label; and means for perceptually coding the signal to provide coefficients representing an encoded signal over a sequence of frames such that a number of coefficients in at least some of the frames of the encoded signal is selected as a function of both signal characteristics of the signal and values of ones of the sequence of data bits.
Claim 44
Dependent Claim
79 words
Apparatus for encoding a signal, the apparatus comprising: means for providing a sequence of data bits representative of a source label; and means for perceptually coding the signal to provide coefficients representing an encoded signal over a sequence of frames such that a number of coefficients in at least some of the frames of the encoded signal is selected as a function of both signal characteristics of the signal and values of ones of the sequence of data bits.
Claim 45
Dependent Claim
80 words
Apparatus for use in compressing a signal, the apparatus comprising: means for providing a sequence of data bits representative of a source label; and means for compressing the signal to provide coefficients representing a compressed signal over a sequence of frames such that a number of coefficients in at least some of the frames of the compressed signal is selected as a function of both signal characteristics of the signal and values of ones of the sequence of data bits.
Claim 46
Dependent Claim
80 words
Apparatus for use in compressing a signal, the apparatus comprising: means for providing a sequence of data bits representative of a source label; and means for compressing the signal to provide coefficients representing a compressed signal over a sequence of frames such that a number of coefficients in at least some of the frames of the compressed signal is selected as a function of both signal characteristics of the signal and values of ones of the sequence of data bits.
Claim 47
Dependent Claim
76 words
Apparatus for recovering a signal, the apparatus comprising: means for receiving an encoded signal; and means for decoding the signal to provide both the signal and a source label by a) recovering from the encoded signal at least one sequence of coefficients, b) forming the signal by performing a decompression as a function of a value of each coefficient, and c) forming the source label as a function of the number of coefficients in the sequence.
Claim 48
Dependent Claim
76 words
Apparatus for recovering a signal, the apparatus comprising: means for receiving an encoded signal; and means for decoding the signal to provide both the signal and a source label by a) recovering from the encoded signal at least one sequence of coefficients, b) forming the signal by performing a decompression as a function of a value of each coefficient, and c) forming the source label as a function of the number of coefficients in the sequence.
Claim 49
Dependent Claim
65 words
Apparatus for recovering a signal, the apparatus comprising: means for receiving a compressed signal; and means for decompressing the compressed signal to provide the signal and a source label such that the signal is recovered as a function of individual data values representing the compressed signal and the source label is recovered as a function of a number of data values representing the compressed signal.
Claim 50
Dependent Claim
65 words
Apparatus for recovering a signal, the apparatus comprising: means for receiving a compressed signal; and means for decompressing the compressed signal to provide the signal and a source label such that the signal is recovered as a function of individual data values representing the compressed signal and the source label is recovered as a function of a number of data values representing the compressed signal.
Claim 51
Dependent Claim
83 words
The apparatus of claim 34 wherein each data value is a coefficient and the compressed signal represents a sequence of frames and the decompressing means recovers from each frame of the compressed signal a number of coefficients, each coefficient representing a sample of the signal and processes each one of the number of coefficients from each frame to provide the signal; and further includes a means for decoding the value of the number of coefficients in each frame to recover the source label.
Claim 52
Dependent Claim
41 words
The apparatus of claim 35 wherein the means for decoding detects a first binary value if the value of the number of coefficients is odd, and detects the other binary value if the value of the number of coefficients is even.
Claim 53
Dependent Claim
59 words
A receiver comprising: a perceptual decoder for recovering an original signal from a compressed signal, where the compressed signal represents a number of frames, each frame including a number of coefficients that are used to recover the original signal; and a source label decoder responsive to the number of coefficients of each frame for recovering a source label therefrom.
Claim 54
Dependent Claim
59 words
A receiver comprising: a perceptual decoder for recovering an original signal from a compressed signal, where the compressed signal represents a number of frames, each frame including a number of coefficients that are used to recover the original signal; and a source label decoder responsive to the number of coefficients of each frame for recovering a source label therefrom.
Claim 55
Dependent Claim
14 words
The apparatus of claim 37 further comprising a display for showing the source label.
Claim 56
Dependent Claim
78 words
Apparatus for encoding a signal comprising: a source label encoder for providing a sequence of data bits representative of a source label; a perceptual coder for encoding the signal to provide an encoded signal over a sequence of frames such that a number of coefficients in at least some of the frames of the encoded signal is selected as a function of both signal characteristics of the signal and values of ones of the sequence of data bits.
Claim 57
Dependent Claim
78 words
Apparatus for encoding a signal comprising: a source label encoder for providing a sequence of data bits representative of a source label; a perceptual coder for encoding the signal to provide an encoded signal over a sequence of frames such that a number of coefficients in at least some of the frames of the encoded signal is selected as a function of both signal characteristics of the signal and values of ones of the sequence of data bits.
Claim 58
Dependent Claim
57 words
Apparatus for monitoring a signal, the apparatus comprising: receiver circuitry for receiving a compressed information signal representing a number of frames, each frame including a number of coefficients for use in decompressing the information signal; and monitor circuitry for providing a source label as a function of the value of the number of coefficients in each frame.
Claim 59
Dependent Claim
57 words
Apparatus for monitoring a signal, the apparatus comprising: receiver circuitry for receiving a compressed information signal representing a number of frames, each frame including a number of coefficients for use in decompressing the information signal; and monitor circuitry for providing a source label as a function of the value of the number of coefficients in each frame.
Claim 60
Dependent Claim
14 words
The apparatus of claim 40 further comprising display circuitry for showing the source label.
Claim 61
Dependent Claim
55 words
The apparatus of claim 40 wherein the monitor circuitry includes a codebook where if the value of the number of coefficients for respective frame is even a first binary value is detected for that frame, while if the value of the number of coefficients is odd the other binary value is detected for that frame.
Claim 62
Dependent Claim
26 words
The apparatus of claim 40 wherein the monitor circuitry includes a decompressor responsive to the number of coefficients in each frame for decompressing the information signal.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
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| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 2001-10-19 | 2002-04-20 | 2002-10-20 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 2005-10-19 | 2006-04-20 | 2006-10-20 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2009-10-19 | 2010-04-20 | 2010-10-20 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |