Patent US5809177A successfully refreshed from Google Patents.
US5809177A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Hybrid error diffusion pattern shifting reduction using programmable threshold perturbation
Assignee: Xerox Corp
•
Filing: 1996-06-06
•
Granted: 1998-09-15
•
Expires: 2016-06-06
Abstract
Abstract A process eliminates pattern shifting artifacts in a printed image rendered using a hybrid high addressable error diffusion process by perturbing a threshold/image signal value relationship when a multi-level grey level is binarized. The process utilizes a programmable multi-level grey signal modifying circuit for modifying the multi-level grey signal by a predetermined value according to its grey level. The modified multi-level grey signal is binarized to a binary pixel signal according to a relationship between the modified multi-level grey signal and a threshold value. The process further generates an error corresponding to the relationship and diffuses the error to neighboring pixels. The multi-level grey signal is modified with either random noise multiplied by a grey level dependent coefficient or by a predetermined value from a checkerboard or vertical line pattern. The value from the pattern is dependent upon the grey level and pixel location of the image data.
Inventors
- 👤 David J. Metcalfe
- 👤 Jeng-Nan Shiau
- 👤 Leon C. Williams
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-09 18:55
CPC Classifications
H; H04; H04N; H04N1/00; H04N1/40; H04N1/405; H04N1/4051; H04N1/4052; H04N1/4053
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 21
Claim 1
Independent Claim
190 words
A system for processing image data having a multi-level grey signal having a first number of grey levels, comprising: means for receiving a multi-level grey scale pixel value representing a pixel having a first resolution; screen means for generating a screen value dependent upon a position of the received pixel; threshold means for generating a threshold value; screening means for generating a screened multi-level grey scale pixel value based on the screen value; reduction means for reducing the number of levels in the screened multi-level grey scale pixel value; error means for generating an error value as a result of the reduction process by said reduction means; diffusing means for diffusing the error value to multi-level grey scale pixel values of adjacent pixels; and perturbing means for perturbing the relationship between the threshold value and the multi-level grey signal by a predetermined value, said predetermined value being one of a plurality of values forming a predetermined pattern associated with a particular grey level, the predetermined value being determined from a pixel location and grey level of the multi-level grey signal being processed, thereby effecting the output from said reduction means.
Claim 2
Independent Claim
190 words
A system for processing image data having a multi-level grey signal having a first number of grey levels, comprising: means for receiving a multi-level grey scale pixel value representing a pixel having a first resolution; screen means for generating a screen value dependent upon a position of the received pixel; threshold means for generating a threshold value; screening means for generating a screened multi-level grey scale pixel value based on the screen value; reduction means for reducing the number of levels in the screened multi-level grey scale pixel value; error means for generating an error value as a result of the reduction process by said reduction means; diffusing means for diffusing the error value to multi-level grey scale pixel values of adjacent pixels; and perturbing means for perturbing the relationship between the threshold value and the multi-level grey signal by a predetermined value, said predetermined value being one of a plurality of values forming a predetermined pattern associated with a particular grey level, the predetermined value being determined from a pixel location and grey level of the multi-level grey signal being processed, thereby effecting the output from said reduction means.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
19 words
The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein said perturbing means changes the threshold value by said predetermined value.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
20 words
The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein said perturbing means changes the multi-level grey signal by said predetermined value.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
15 words
The system as claimed in claim 2, wherein the predetermined pattern is a checkerboard pattern.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
15 words
The system as claimed in claim 3, wherein the predetermined pattern is a checkerboard pattern.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
16 words
The system as claimed in claim 2, wherein the predetermined pattern is a vertical line pattern.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
16 words
The system as claimed in claim 3, wherein the predetermined pattern is a vertical line pattern.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
56 words
The system as claimed in claim 1, further comprising: converting means for converting the screened multi-level grey scale pixel value to a second resolution prior to being received by said reduction means, the second resolution being higher than the first resolution; said error means generating an error value having a resolution corresponding to the first resolution.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
74 words
The system as claimed in claim 8, wherein said converting means computes a plurality of multi-level grey scale subpixel values B n , the multi-level grey scale subpixel values B n being equal to P0+n(P1-P0)/N, wherein n is equal to 0 to N-1, P0 is equal to the first multi-level grey scale pixel value, P1 is equal to the second multi-level grey scale pixel value, and N is equal to a high addressability characteristic.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
112 words
The system as claimed in claim 9, wherein said converting means calculates a desired output, the desired output being equal to a sum of the first and second multi-level grey scale pixel values divided by two, calculates an actual output, the actual output being equal to a lowest screen value of a line screen plus a number of subpixels being equal to or greater than a threshold value multiplied by a difference between a maximum screen value of the line screen and the lowest screen value of the line screen divided by a high addressability characteristic, and calculates the error value to be equal to the desired output minus the actual output.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
65 words
The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the screened multi-level grey scale pixel value is equal to (G L -V i )+(S i -Th) wherein S i is equal to the screen value, G L is equal to a maximum grey level value for a pixel, V i is equal to the received multi-level grey scale pixel value, and Th is a threshold value.
Claim 13
Independent Claim
164 words
A method of processing image data having a multi-level grey signal having a first number of grey levels, comprising the steps of: (a) receiving a multi-level grey scale pixel value representing a pixel having a first resolution; (b) generating a screen value dependent upon a position of the received pixel; (c) generating a screened multi-level grey scale pixel value utilizing the screen value; (d) reducing the number of levels in the screened multi-level grey scale pixel value; (e) generating an error value as a result of the reduction process in said step (d); (f) diffusing the error value to multi-level grey scale pixel values of adjacent pixels; and (g) perturbing the relationship between a threshold value and the multi-level grey signal by a predetermined value, the predetermined value being one of a plurality of values forming a predetermined pattern associated with a particular grey level, the predetermined value being determined from a pixel location and grey level of the multi-level grey signal being processed.
Claim 14
Independent Claim
164 words
A method of processing image data having a multi-level grey signal having a first number of grey levels, comprising the steps of: (a) receiving a multi-level grey scale pixel value representing a pixel having a first resolution; (b) generating a screen value dependent upon a position of the received pixel; (c) generating a screened multi-level grey scale pixel value utilizing the screen value; (d) reducing the number of levels in the screened multi-level grey scale pixel value; (e) generating an error value as a result of the reduction process in said step (d); (f) diffusing the error value to multi-level grey scale pixel values of adjacent pixels; and (g) perturbing the relationship between a threshold value and the multi-level grey signal by a predetermined value, the predetermined value being one of a plurality of values forming a predetermined pattern associated with a particular grey level, the predetermined value being determined from a pixel location and grey level of the multi-level grey signal being processed.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
15 words
The method as claimed in claim 12, wherein the predetermined pattern is a checkerboard pattern.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
16 words
The method as claimed in claim 12, wherein the predetermined pattern is a vertical line pattern.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
57 words
The method as claimed in claim 12, further comprising the step of: (h) converting the screened multi-level grey scale pixel value to a second resolution prior to the execution of said step (d), the second resolution being higher than the first resolution; said step (e) generating an error value having a resolution corresponding to the first resolution.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
79 words
The method as claimed in claim 15, wherein said step (h) comprises the substep of: (h1) computing a plurality of multi-level grey scale subpixel values B n , the multi-level grey scale subpixel values B n being equal to P0+n(P1-P0)/N, wherein n is equal to 0 to N-1, P0 is equal to the first multi-level grey scale pixel value, P1 is equal to the second multi-level grey scale pixel value, and N is equal to a high addressability characteristic.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
24 words
The method as claimed in claim 12, wherein said step (b) uses a dot screen to generate the screened multi-level grey scale pixel value.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
119 words
The method as claimed in claim 16, wherein said step (f) comprises the substeps of: (f1) calculating a desired output, the desired output being equal to a sum of the first and second multi-level grey scale pixel values divided by two; (f2) calculating an actual output, the actual output being equal to a lowest screen value of a line screen plus a number of subpixels being equal to or greater than a threshold value multiplied by a difference between a maximum screen value of the line screen and the lowest screen value of the line screen divided by a high addressability characteristic; and (f3) calculating the error value to be equal to the desired output minus the actual output.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
65 words
The method as claimed in claim 12, wherein the screened multi-level grey scale pixel value is equal to (G L -V i )+(S i -Th) wherein S i is equal to the screen value, G L is equal to a maximum grey level value for a pixel, V i is equal to the received multi-level grey scale pixel value, and Th is a threshold value.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
US4654721A
Cited
US4829587A
Cited
US4924322A
Cited
US5107346A
Cited
US5121447A
Cited
US5060284A
Cited
US5243445A
Cited
US5410615A
Cited
US5210602A
Cited
US5442461A
Cited
US5317653A
Cited
US5258854A
Cited
US5327256A
Cited
US5274472A
Cited
US5374997A
Cited
US5271070A
Cited
US5506699A
Cited
US5404176A
Cited
US5530561A
Cited
US5528384A
Cited
US5608821A
Cited
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 2001-09-14 | 2002-03-16 | 2002-09-15 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 2005-09-14 | 2006-03-16 | 2006-09-15 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2009-09-14 | 2010-03-16 | 2010-09-15 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |