US5754162A — Horizontally scaling image signals using selected…

Claim 1

Independent Claim 195 words

A computer-implemented method for horizontally scaling image signals for display without creating a scaled bitmap, comprising the steps of: (a) selecting an odd pixel and an even pixel of a row of an image in accordance with digital differential accumulator processing using a processor; (b) selecting an odd-pixel weight factor and an even-pixel weight factor in accordance with the digital differential accumulator processing using the processor; (c) generating a weighted odd-pixel image signal using the processor by multiplying an image signal corresponding to the odd pixel by the odd-pixel weight factor; (d) generating a weighted even-pixel image signal using the processor by multiplying an image signal corresponding to the even pixel by the even-pixel weight factor; (e) generating a horizontally scaled image signal using the processor by adding the weighted odd-pixel image signal and the weighted even-pixel image signals (f) skipping one or more pixels of the row in accordance with digital differential accumulator processing using the processor; (g) selecting a next odd pixel and a next even pixel of the row in accordance with the digital differential accumulator processing using the processor; and (h) repeating steps (b)-(e) using the next odd and even pixels.

Claim 2

Dependent Claim 195 words

A computer-implemented method for horizontally scaling image signals for display without creating a scaled bitmap, comprising the steps of: (a) selecting an odd pixel and an even pixel of a row of an image in accordance with digital differential accumulator processing using a processor; (b) selecting an odd-pixel weight factor and an even-pixel weight factor in accordance with the digital differential accumulator processing using the processor; (c) generating a weighted odd-pixel image signal using the processor by multiplying an image signal corresponding to the odd pixel by the odd-pixel weight factor; (d) generating a weighted even-pixel image signal using the processor by multiplying an image signal corresponding to the even pixel by the even-pixel weight factor; (e) generating a horizontally scaled image signal using the processor by adding the weighted odd-pixel image signal and the weighted even-pixel image signals (f) skipping one or more pixels of the row in accordance with digital differential accumulator processing using the processor; (g) selecting a next odd pixel and a next even pixel of the row in accordance with the digital differential accumulator processing using the processor; and (h) repeating steps (b)-(e) using the next odd and even pixels.

Claim 3

Dependent Claim 67 words

The method of claim 1, wherein the processor is a single integrated circuit and the odd pixels are selected from an on-chip odd-pixel partial-row buffer of the processor and the even pixels are selected from an on-chip even-pixel partial-row buffer of the processor, wherein each partial-row buffer is smaller than the row of the image and the odd-pixel and even-pixel partial-row buffers have random access read capability.

Claim 4

Dependent Claim 73 words

The method of claim 2, wherein: step (a) comprises the step of selecting the odd pixel and the even pixel in accordance with a digital differential accumulator integer value; and step (b) comprises the step of selecting the odd-pixel weight factor and the even-pixel weight factor in accordance with the least significant bit of the digital differential accumulator integer value and the two most significant bits of a digital differential accumulator remainder value.

Claim 5

Dependent Claim 29 words

The method of claim 1, wherein step (a) comprises the step of selecting the odd pixel and the even pixel in accordance with a digital differential accumulator integer value.

Claim 6

Dependent Claim 38 words

The method of claim 1, wherein step (b) comprises the step of selecting the odd-pixel weight factor and the even-pixel weight factor in accordance with a digital differential accumulator integer value and a digital differential accumulator remainder value.

Claim 7

Dependent Claim 49 words

The method of claim 5, wherein step (b) comprises the step of selecting the odd-pixel weight factor and the even-pixel weight factor in accordance with the least significant bit of the digital differential accumulator integer value and the two most significant bits of the digital differential accumulator remainder value.

Claim 8

Dependent Claim 33 words

The method of claim 1, wherein the horizontal scaling decreases the horizontal dimension of the image when the digital differential accumulator processing is based on a digital differential accumulator ratio greater than 1.

Claim 9

Independent Claim 191 words

An apparatus for horizontally scaling image signals for display without creating a scaled bitmap, comprising: (a) means for selecting an odd pixel and an even pixel of a row of an image in accordance with digital differential accumulator processing; (b) means for selecting an odd-pixel weight factor and an even-pixel weight factor in accordance with the digital differential accumulator processing; (c) means for generating a weighted odd-pixel image signal by multiplying an image signal corresponding to the odd pixel by the odd-pixel weight factor; (d) means for generating a weighted even-pixel image signal by multiplying an image signal corresponding to the even pixel by the even-pixel weight factor; (e) means for generating a horizontally scaled image signal by adding the weighted odd-pixel image signal and the weighted even-pixel image signal; (f) a means for skipping one or more pixels of the row in accordance with the digital differential accumulator processing; (g) means for selecting a next odd pixel and a next even pixel of the row in accordance with the digital differential accumulator processing; and (h) means for repeating the processing of means (b)-(e) using the next odd and even pixels.

Claim 10

Independent Claim 191 words

An apparatus for horizontally scaling image signals for display without creating a scaled bitmap, comprising: (a) means for selecting an odd pixel and an even pixel of a row of an image in accordance with digital differential accumulator processing; (b) means for selecting an odd-pixel weight factor and an even-pixel weight factor in accordance with the digital differential accumulator processing; (c) means for generating a weighted odd-pixel image signal by multiplying an image signal corresponding to the odd pixel by the odd-pixel weight factor; (d) means for generating a weighted even-pixel image signal by multiplying an image signal corresponding to the even pixel by the even-pixel weight factor; (e) means for generating a horizontally scaled image signal by adding the weighted odd-pixel image signal and the weighted even-pixel image signal; (f) a means for skipping one or more pixels of the row in accordance with the digital differential accumulator processing; (g) means for selecting a next odd pixel and a next even pixel of the row in accordance with the digital differential accumulator processing; and (h) means for repeating the processing of means (b)-(e) using the next odd and even pixels.

Claim 11

Dependent Claim 88 words

The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the apparatus is a single integrated circuit, further comprising: an on-chip odd-pixel partial-row buffer with random access read capability for storing odd pixels of the row of the image and an on-chip even-pixel partial-row buffer with random access read capability for storing even pixels of the row of the image, wherein each partial row buffer is smaller than the row of the image; and means (a) selects the odd-pixels from the odd-pixel partial-row buffer and the even-pixels from the even-pixel partial-row buffer.

Claim 12

Dependent Claim 65 words

The apparatus of claim 9, wherein: means (a) selects the odd pixel and the even pixel in accordance with a digital differential accumulator integer value; and means (b) selects the odd-pixel weight factor and the even-pixel weight factor in accordance with the least significant bit of the digital differential accumulator integer value and the two most significant bits of a digital differential accumulator remainder value.

Claim 13

Dependent Claim 25 words

The apparatus of claim 8, wherein means (a) selects the odd pixel and the even pixel in accordance with a digital differential accumulator integer value.

Claim 14

Dependent Claim 34 words

The apparatus of claim 8, wherein means (b) selects the odd-pixel weight factor and the even-pixel weight factor in accordance with a digital differential accumulator integer value and a digital differential accumulator remainder value.

Claim 15

Dependent Claim 45 words

The apparatus of claim 12, wherein means (b) selects the odd-pixel weight factor and the even-pixel weight factor in accordance with the least significant bit of the digital differential accumulator integer value and the two most significant bits of the digital differential accumulator remainder value.

Claim 16

Dependent Claim 33 words

The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the horizontal scaling decreases the horizontal dimension of the image when the digital differential accumulator processing is based on a digital differential accumulator value greater than 1.

Claim 17

Dependent Claim 292 words

A horizontal scaler for horizontally scaling image signals for display without creating a scaled bitmap, comprising: (a) an odd-pixel weight multiplier; (b) an even-pixel weight multiplier; (c) an adder and (d) a controller, wherein: the odd-pixel weight multiplier receives a first odd pixel of a row of an image and generates a first weighted odd pixel by multiplying the first odd pixel by a first odd-pixel weight factor; the even-pixel weight multiplier receives a first even pixel of the row and generates a first weighted even pixel by multiplying the first even pixel by a first even-pixel weight factor; the adder generates a first horizontally scaled pixel by adding the first weighted odd pixel and the first weighted even pixel; the odd-pixel weight multiplier receives a second odd pixel of the row and generates a second weighted odd pixel by multiplying the second odd pixel by a second odd-pixel weight factor; the even-pixel weight multiplier receives a second even pixel of the row and generates a second weighted even pixel by multiplying the second even pixel by a second even-pixel weight factor; the adder generates a second horizontally scaled pixel by adding the second weighted odd pixel and the second weighted even pixel; there are one or more other pixels after the first odd and even pixels and before the second odd and even pixels; the scaler skips the one or more other pixels; the controller selects the first and second odd and even pixels based on digital differential accumulator (DDA) processing; the controller selects the first and second odd-pixel and even-pixel weight factors based on the DDA processing; and the scaler skips the one or more other pixels when the DDA processing is based on a DDA ratio greater than 1.

Claim 18

Dependent Claim 292 words

A horizontal scaler for horizontally scaling image signals for display without creating a scaled bitmap, comprising: (a) an odd-pixel weight multiplier; (b) an even-pixel weight multiplier; (c) an adder and (d) a controller, wherein: the odd-pixel weight multiplier receives a first odd pixel of a row of an image and generates a first weighted odd pixel by multiplying the first odd pixel by a first odd-pixel weight factor; the even-pixel weight multiplier receives a first even pixel of the row and generates a first weighted even pixel by multiplying the first even pixel by a first even-pixel weight factor; the adder generates a first horizontally scaled pixel by adding the first weighted odd pixel and the first weighted even pixel; the odd-pixel weight multiplier receives a second odd pixel of the row and generates a second weighted odd pixel by multiplying the second odd pixel by a second odd-pixel weight factor; the even-pixel weight multiplier receives a second even pixel of the row and generates a second weighted even pixel by multiplying the second even pixel by a second even-pixel weight factor; the adder generates a second horizontally scaled pixel by adding the second weighted odd pixel and the second weighted even pixel; there are one or more other pixels after the first odd and even pixels and before the second odd and even pixels; the scaler skips the one or more other pixels; the controller selects the first and second odd and even pixels based on digital differential accumulator (DDA) processing; the controller selects the first and second odd-pixel and even-pixel weight factors based on the DDA processing; and the scaler skips the one or more other pixels when the DDA processing is based on a DDA ratio greater than 1.

Claim 19

Dependent Claim 68 words

The scaler of claim 15, further comprising: (e) an odd-pixel partial-row buffer having random access read capability; and (f) an even-pixel partial-row buffer having random access read capability, wherein: the odd-pixel partial-row buffer receives odd pixels of the row of the image and the even-pixel partial-row buffer receives even pixels of the row of the image, and each partial-row buffers is smaller than the row of the image.

Claim 20

Dependent Claim 28 words

The scaler of claim 16, wherein odd pixels and even pixels are pre-fetched into the odd-pixel partial-row buffer and even-pixel partial-row buffer, respectively, when buffer space is available.

Claim 21

Dependent Claim 68 words

The scaler of claim 17, further comprising a controller, wherein: the controller selects the first and second odd and even pixels based on digital differential accumulator (DDA) processing; the controller selects the first and second odd-pixel and even-pixel weight factors based on the DDA processing; and the scaler skips the one or more other pixels when the DDA processing is based on a DDA ratio greater than 1.

Claim 22

Dependent Claim 317 words

A subsystem for processing image signals, comprising: (a) an external memory device; and (b) a horizontal scaler for horizontally scaling image signals for display without creating a scaled bitmap, electrically connected to the external memory device, wherein the horizontal scaler comprises: (1) an odd-pixel weight multiplier; (2) an even-pixel weight multiplier; (3) an adder; and (4) a controller, wherein: the odd-pixel weight multiplier receives a first odd pixel of a row of an image and generates a first weighted odd pixel by multiplying the first odd pixel by a first odd-pixel weight factor; the even-pixel weight multiplier receives a first even pixel of the row and generates a first weighted even pixel by multiplying the first even pixel by a first even-pixel weight factor; the adder generates a first horizontally scaled pixel by adding the first weighted odd pixel and the first weighted even pixel; the odd-pixel weight multiplier receives a second odd pixel of the row and generates a second weighted odd pixel by multiplying the second odd pixel by a second odd-pixel weight factor; the even-pixel weight multiplier receives a second even pixel of the row and generates a second weighted even pixel by multiplying the second even pixel by a second even-pixel weight factor; the adder generates a second horizontally scaled pixel by adding the second weighted odd pixel and the second weighted even pixel; there are one or more other pixels after the first odd and even pixels and before the second odd and even pixels; the scaler skips the one or more other pixels; the controller selects the first and second odd and even pixels based on digital differential accumulator (DDA) processing; the controller selects the first and second odd-pixel and even-pixel weight factors based on the DDA processing; and the scaler skips the one or more other pixels when the DDA processing is based on a DDA ratio greater than 1.

Claim 23

Dependent Claim 317 words

A subsystem for processing image signals, comprising: (a) an external memory device; and (b) a horizontal scaler for horizontally scaling image signals for display without creating a scaled bitmap, electrically connected to the external memory device, wherein the horizontal scaler comprises: (1) an odd-pixel weight multiplier; (2) an even-pixel weight multiplier; (3) an adder; and (4) a controller, wherein: the odd-pixel weight multiplier receives a first odd pixel of a row of an image and generates a first weighted odd pixel by multiplying the first odd pixel by a first odd-pixel weight factor; the even-pixel weight multiplier receives a first even pixel of the row and generates a first weighted even pixel by multiplying the first even pixel by a first even-pixel weight factor; the adder generates a first horizontally scaled pixel by adding the first weighted odd pixel and the first weighted even pixel; the odd-pixel weight multiplier receives a second odd pixel of the row and generates a second weighted odd pixel by multiplying the second odd pixel by a second odd-pixel weight factor; the even-pixel weight multiplier receives a second even pixel of the row and generates a second weighted even pixel by multiplying the second even pixel by a second even-pixel weight factor; the adder generates a second horizontally scaled pixel by adding the second weighted odd pixel and the second weighted even pixel; there are one or more other pixels after the first odd and even pixels and before the second odd and even pixels; the scaler skips the one or more other pixels; the controller selects the first and second odd and even pixels based on digital differential accumulator (DDA) processing; the controller selects the first and second odd-pixel and even-pixel weight factors based on the DDA processing; and the scaler skips the one or more other pixels when the DDA processing is based on a DDA ratio greater than 1.

Claim 24

Dependent Claim 72 words

The subsystem of claim 19, wherein the horizontal scaler further comprises: (5) an odd-pixel partial-row buffer having random access read capability; and (6) an even-pixel partial-row buffer having random access read capability, wherein: the odd-pixel partial-row buffer receives odd pixels of the row of the image and the even-pixel partial-row buffer receives even pixels of the row of the image, and each partial-row buffers is smaller than the row of the image.

Claim 25

Dependent Claim 28 words

The subsystem of claim 20, wherein odd pixels and even pixels are pre-fetched into the odd-pixel partial-row buffer and even-pixel partial-row buffer, respectively, when buffer space is available.

Claim 26

Dependent Claim 68 words

The subsystem of claim 21, further comprising a controller, wherein: the controller selects the first and second odd and even pixels based on digital differential accumulator (DDA) processing; the controller selects the first and second odd-pixel and even-pixel weight factors based on the DDA processing; and the scaler skips the one or more other pixels when the DDA processing is based on a DDA ratio greater than 1.

Claim 27

Independent Claim 339 words

A system for processing image signals, comprising: (a) a host processor; and (b) an image processing subsystem, electrically connected to the host processor, wherein the image processing subsystem comprises: (1) an external memory device; and (2) a horizontal scaler for horizontally scaling image signals for display without creating a scaled bitmap, electrically connected to the external memory device, wherein the horizontal scaler comprises: (i) an odd-pixel weight multiplier; (ii) an even-pixel weight multiplier; (iii) an adder; and (iv) a controller; wherein: the odd-pixel weight multiplier receives a first odd pixel of a row of an image and generates a first weighted odd pixel by multiplying the first odd pixel by a first odd-pixel weight factor; the even-pixel weight multiplier receives a first even pixel of the row and generates a first weighted even pixel by multiplying the first even pixel by a first even-pixel weight factor; the adder generates a first horizontally scaled pixel by adding the first weighted odd pixel and the first weighted even pixel; the odd-pixel weight multiplier receives a second odd pixel of the row and generates a second weighted odd pixel by multiplying the second odd pixel by a second odd-pixel weight factor; the even-pixel weight multiplier receives a second even pixel of the row and generates a second weighted even pixel by multiplying the second even pixel by a second even-pixel weight factor; the adder generates a second horizontally scaled pixel by adding the second weighted odd pixel and the second weighted even pixel; there are one or more other pixels after the first odd and even pixels and before the second odd and even pixels; the scaler skips the one or more other pixels; the controller selects the first and second odd and even pixels based on digital differential accumulator (DDA) processing; the controller selects the first and second odd-pixel and even-pixel weight factors based on the DDA processing; and the scaler skips the one or more other pixels when the DDA processing is based on a DDA ratio greater than 1.

Claim 28

Independent Claim 339 words

A system for processing image signals, comprising: (a) a host processor; and (b) an image processing subsystem, electrically connected to the host processor, wherein the image processing subsystem comprises: (1) an external memory device; and (2) a horizontal scaler for horizontally scaling image signals for display without creating a scaled bitmap, electrically connected to the external memory device, wherein the horizontal scaler comprises: (i) an odd-pixel weight multiplier; (ii) an even-pixel weight multiplier; (iii) an adder; and (iv) a controller; wherein: the odd-pixel weight multiplier receives a first odd pixel of a row of an image and generates a first weighted odd pixel by multiplying the first odd pixel by a first odd-pixel weight factor; the even-pixel weight multiplier receives a first even pixel of the row and generates a first weighted even pixel by multiplying the first even pixel by a first even-pixel weight factor; the adder generates a first horizontally scaled pixel by adding the first weighted odd pixel and the first weighted even pixel; the odd-pixel weight multiplier receives a second odd pixel of the row and generates a second weighted odd pixel by multiplying the second odd pixel by a second odd-pixel weight factor; the even-pixel weight multiplier receives a second even pixel of the row and generates a second weighted even pixel by multiplying the second even pixel by a second even-pixel weight factor; the adder generates a second horizontally scaled pixel by adding the second weighted odd pixel and the second weighted even pixel; there are one or more other pixels after the first odd and even pixels and before the second odd and even pixels; the scaler skips the one or more other pixels; the controller selects the first and second odd and even pixels based on digital differential accumulator (DDA) processing; the controller selects the first and second odd-pixel and even-pixel weight factors based on the DDA processing; and the scaler skips the one or more other pixels when the DDA processing is based on a DDA ratio greater than 1.

Claim 29

Dependent Claim 71 words

The system of claim 23, wherein the scaler further comprises: (v) an odd-pixel partial-row buffer having random access read capability; and (vi) an even-pixel partial-row buffer having random access read capability, wherein: the odd-pixel partial-row buffer receives odd pixels of the row of the image and the even-pixel partial-row buffer receives even pixels of the row of the image, and each partial-row buffers is smaller than the row of the image.

Claim 30

Dependent Claim 28 words

The system of claim 24, wherein odd pixels and even pixels are pre-fetched into the odd-pixel partial-row buffer and even-pixel partial-row buffer, respectively, when buffer space is available.

Claim 31

Dependent Claim 68 words

The system of claim 25, further comprising a controller, wherein: the controller selects the first and second odd and even pixels based on digital differential accumulator (DDA) processing; the controller selects the first and second odd-pixel and even-pixel weight factors based on the DDA processing; and the scaler skips the one or more other pixels when the DDA processing is based on a DDA ratio greater than 1.

Annuity Stage	Window Opens	Payment Deadline	Surcharge Period Until	Estimated Fee	Status
3.5 Years (Year 4)	2001-05-18	2001-11-17	2002-05-19	$2000.00	Window Closed / Lapsed
7.5 Years (Year 8)	2005-05-18	2005-11-17	2006-05-19	$3760.00	Window Closed / Lapsed
11.5 Years (Year 12)	2009-05-18	2009-11-17	2010-05-19	$7700.00	Window Closed / Lapsed

Horizontally scaling image signals using selected weight factors

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