US5692498A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
CPR device having valve for increasing the duration and magnitude of negative intrathoracic pressures
Assignee: Zoll Medical Corp
•
Filing: 1995-03-10
•
Granted: 1997-12-02
•
Expires: 2015-03-10
Abstract
Abstract According to the invention, methods and devices for increasing cardiopulmonary circulation induced by chest compression and decompression when performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation are provided. Cardiopulmonary circulation is increased according to the invention by impeding airflow into a patient's lungs to enhance the extent and duration of negative intrathoracic pressure during decompression of the patient's chest. Enhanced extent and duration of negative of intrathoracic pressure thus promotes venous blood flow into the heart and lungs from the peripheral venous vasculature. In one embodiment, impeding the airflow into the patient's lungs is accomplished by placing a ventilation tube in the patient's airway. The ventilation tube contains either a flow restrictive orifice disposed within or connected in series with a lumen of the ventilation tube, or a pressure-responsive valve within a lumen of the tube to impede the inflow of air. In a preferred embodiment, the patient's mouth and nose are covered with a facial mask which can impede airflow into the patient's airway. Also provided is an improved endotracheal tube to allow air to be impeded from flowing to the patient's lungs during decompression. Another apparatus according to the invention provides for an improved air-delivery system comprising a compressible structure which has been modified to allow for the impedance of the flow of gases to the patient's lungs. Also, the compressible structure is interfaced with the patient, preferably by attaching a facial mask or an endotracheal to the structure.
Inventors
- 👤 Keith G. Lurie
- 👤 Michael Sweeney
- 👤 Barbara Gold
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-30 19:34
CPC Classifications
A; A61; A61H; A61H31/00; A61H31/004; A61H31/005; A61H31/006; A61H31/007; A61M; A61M16/00; A61M16/0057; A61M16/0084; A61M16/04; A61M16/10; A61M16/105; A61M16/106; A61M16/1065; A61M16/107; A61M16/20; A61M16/208; A61H2031/001; A61H2201/00; A61H2201/12; A61H2201/1238; A61M16/0078; A61M16/0488; A61M16/049; A61M16/06
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 39
Claim 1
Independent Claim
215 words
An improved endotracheal tube of the type having a tube suitable for insertion into the trachea and having at least a first lumen for conveying gases, wherein the improvement comprises: a pressure-responsive valve in the first lumen for preventing inflow of gases through the lumen of the tube, the valve having an open state and a closed state, the valve being biased to remain in the closed state to prevent all respiratory gas inflow to the lungs until the pressure within the tube falls below a threshold intrathoracic pressure generated by chest compression and decompression on a non-breathing patient, said threshold intrathoracic pressure being in the range from -5 cm H 2 O to -60 cm H 2 O whereupon the intrathoracic pressure in said range causes the valve to move to the open state to allow gases to flow passively through said valve to the lungs due to a pressure differential between the atmosphere and said negative intrathoracic pressure in the patient's chest, the valve preventing the flow of gases into the patient's lungs while in the closed state to enhance the extent and duration of negative intrathoracic pressure during decompression of the patient's chest to enhance venous blood flow into the heart and lungs from the peripheral venous vasculature when performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
215 words
An improved endotracheal tube of the type having a tube suitable for insertion into the trachea and having at least a first lumen for conveying gases, wherein the improvement comprises: a pressure-responsive valve in the first lumen for preventing inflow of gases through the lumen of the tube, the valve having an open state and a closed state, the valve being biased to remain in the closed state to prevent all respiratory gas inflow to the lungs until the pressure within the tube falls below a threshold intrathoracic pressure generated by chest compression and decompression on a non-breathing patient, said threshold intrathoracic pressure being in the range from -5 cm H 2 O to -60 cm H 2 O whereupon the intrathoracic pressure in said range causes the valve to move to the open state to allow gases to flow passively through said valve to the lungs due to a pressure differential between the atmosphere and said negative intrathoracic pressure in the patient's chest, the valve preventing the flow of gases into the patient's lungs while in the closed state to enhance the extent and duration of negative intrathoracic pressure during decompression of the patient's chest to enhance venous blood flow into the heart and lungs from the peripheral venous vasculature when performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
19 words
The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising means for bypassing respiratory gases around pressure-responsive valve to ventilate the patient.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
223 words
An improved system for delivering a volume of respiratory gases of the type in which a compressible structure having a first opening and a second opening, a one-way valve for the intake of gases included in or attached to the first opening, and means located at the second opening for delivering a volume of respiratory gases, wherein the improvement comprises: means for interfacing in a permanent or detachable manner said compressible structure to the patient; and a pressure-responsive valve included in or attached to the second opening of the compressible structure to prevent the flow of all respiratory gases to the patient's lungs until the intrathoracic pressure generated by chest compression and decompression on a non-breathing patient falls below a threshold level in the range from -5 cm H.sub. 2 O to -60 cm H 2 O whereupon said intrathoracic pressure causes the valve to open to allow gases to flow passively through said valve to the lungs due to a pressure differential between the atmosphere and said negative intrathoracic pressure in the patient's chest, said valve when closed slows a rise in intrathoracic pressure during decompression of the patient's chest and to enhance the extent and duration of negative intrathoracic pressure in order to enhance venous blood flow into the heart and lungs from the peripheral venous vasculature when performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
223 words
An improved system for delivering a volume of respiratory gases of the type in which a compressible structure having a first opening and a second opening, a one-way valve for the intake of gases included in or attached to the first opening, and means located at the second opening for delivering a volume of respiratory gases, wherein the improvement comprises: means for interfacing in a permanent or detachable manner said compressible structure to the patient; and a pressure-responsive valve included in or attached to the second opening of the compressible structure to prevent the flow of all respiratory gases to the patient's lungs until the intrathoracic pressure generated by chest compression and decompression on a non-breathing patient falls below a threshold level in the range from -5 cm H.sub. 2 O to -60 cm H 2 O whereupon said intrathoracic pressure causes the valve to open to allow gases to flow passively through said valve to the lungs due to a pressure differential between the atmosphere and said negative intrathoracic pressure in the patient's chest, said valve when closed slows a rise in intrathoracic pressure during decompression of the patient's chest and to enhance the extent and duration of negative intrathoracic pressure in order to enhance venous blood flow into the heart and lungs from the peripheral venous vasculature when performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
18 words
The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the pressure-responsive valve is disposed in a lumen of an endotracheal tube.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
14 words
The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the interfacing means further comprises a facial mask.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
14 words
The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the interfacing means further comprises an endotracheal tube.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
14 words
The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the interfacing means further comprises an oralpharyngeal airway.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
14 words
The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the interfacing means further comprises a laryngeal mask.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
160 words
A valving system for regulating airflow into a patient's lungs when performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation wherein the patient's chest is compressed and decompressed, the system comprising: a housing having an upstream region and a downstream region; a pressure-responsive valve between the upstream region and the downstream region for preventing all respiratory gases from flowing from the upstream region to the downstream region until the pressure in the downstream region falls below a threshold level in the range from -5 cm H 2 O to -60 cm H 2 O during decompression of a non-breathing patient's chest to enhance vital organ perfusion, whereupon the negative pressure in the downstream region causes the valve to open to allow gases to passively flow to the patient's lungs due to a pressure differential between the atmosphere and the pressure in the downstream region which is below the threshold pressure; and means for allowing respiratory gases to flow into the downstream region when ventilating the patient.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
160 words
A valving system for regulating airflow into a patient's lungs when performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation wherein the patient's chest is compressed and decompressed, the system comprising: a housing having an upstream region and a downstream region; a pressure-responsive valve between the upstream region and the downstream region for preventing all respiratory gases from flowing from the upstream region to the downstream region until the pressure in the downstream region falls below a threshold level in the range from -5 cm H 2 O to -60 cm H 2 O during decompression of a non-breathing patient's chest to enhance vital organ perfusion, whereupon the negative pressure in the downstream region causes the valve to open to allow gases to passively flow to the patient's lungs due to a pressure differential between the atmosphere and the pressure in the downstream region which is below the threshold pressure; and means for allowing respiratory gases to flow into the downstream region when ventilating the patient.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
26 words
The system of claim 9, further comprising a means to bypass the pressure responsive valve to allow airflow from the downstream region to the upstream region.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
34 words
The system of claim 10, wherein the bypass means includes a diaphragm which is closed when the pressure in the downstream region is less than or equal to the pressure in the upstream region.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
12 words
The system of claim 11, wherein the diaphragm is a flexible membrane.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
11 words
The system of claim 11, wherein the diaphragm is a ball.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
28 words
The system of claim 11, wherein the diaphragm is biased to open when the pressure in the downstream region is about 2 cm H 2 O or greater.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
34 words
The system of claim 11, wherein the means for allowing gases into the downstream region comprises a means for opening the diaphragm when gases are injected into the upstream region to ventilate the patient.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
57 words
The system of claim 15, wherein the means for opening the diaphragm includes an ambient pressure region adjacent the diaphragm, wherein gases injected into the upstream region increases the pressure within the upstream region and forces the diaphragm into the ambient pressure region to open the diaphragm and to allow gases to flow to the patient's lungs.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
46 words
The system of claim 9, wherein the means for allowing gases into the downstream region comprises a manually operable valve at the downstream region which is manually opened to allow gases to flow unimpeded into the downstream region upon return of spontaneous breathing by the patient.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
51 words
The system of claim 9, further comprising a respiratory member connected to the housing at the upstream region for injecting gases into the housing to ventilate the patient, the injected gases passing through the means for allowing gases to flow into the downstream region with no resistance from the pressure-responsive valve.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
17 words
The system of claim 18, wherein the respiratory member includes a respiratory bag or a mouth piece.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
23 words
The system of claim 18, wherein the housing includes a gas exhaust opening at the upstream region for exhausting gases from the housing.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
25 words
The system of claim 20, further comprising a valve in the exhaust opening which inhibits gases from flowing into the housing through the exhaust opening.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
27 words
The system of claim 20, further comprising means for preventing gases from exiting the housing through the exhaust opening during injection of gases from the respiratory bag.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
20 words
The system of claim 22, wherein the means for preventing gases from exiting the housing is a fish mouth valve.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
24 words
The system of claim 9, further comprising connection member connected to the housing at the downstream region for connecting the housing to the patient.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
20 words
The system of claim 24, wherein the connection member includes an endotracheal tube, a facial mask, or a laryngeal mask.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
201 words
A valving system for regulating airflow into a patient's lungs when performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation wherein the patient's chest is compressed and decompressed, the system comprising: a housing having an upstream region and a downstream region; a pressure-responsive valve between the upstream region and the downstream region for preventing all respiratory gases from flowing from the upstream region to the downstream region until the pressure in the downstream region falls below a threshold level in the range from -5 cm H 2 O to -60 cm H 2 O during decompression of a non-breathing patient's chest to enhance vital organ perfusion, whereupon the negative pressure in the downstream region causes the valve to open to allow gases to passively flow to the patient's lungs due to a pressure differential between the atmosphere and the pressure in the downstream region which is below the threshold pressure; a respirator connected to the housing at the upstream region for injecting gases into the housing to ventilate the patient; means for bypassing the pressure-responsive valve to allow gases to flow into the downstream region when ventilating the patient; and an airway tube connected to the housing at the downstream region for insertion into the patient's airway.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
201 words
A valving system for regulating airflow into a patient's lungs when performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation wherein the patient's chest is compressed and decompressed, the system comprising: a housing having an upstream region and a downstream region; a pressure-responsive valve between the upstream region and the downstream region for preventing all respiratory gases from flowing from the upstream region to the downstream region until the pressure in the downstream region falls below a threshold level in the range from -5 cm H 2 O to -60 cm H 2 O during decompression of a non-breathing patient's chest to enhance vital organ perfusion, whereupon the negative pressure in the downstream region causes the valve to open to allow gases to passively flow to the patient's lungs due to a pressure differential between the atmosphere and the pressure in the downstream region which is below the threshold pressure; a respirator connected to the housing at the upstream region for injecting gases into the housing to ventilate the patient; means for bypassing the pressure-responsive valve to allow gases to flow into the downstream region when ventilating the patient; and an airway tube connected to the housing at the downstream region for insertion into the patient's airway.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
16 words
The system of claim 26, wherein the respirator includes a respiratory bag or a ventilation port.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
13 words
The system of claim 26, wherein the airway tube includes an endotracheal tube.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
20 words
The system of claim 26, further comprising a facial mask or a laryngeal mask operably attached to the airway tube.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
26 words
The system of claim 26, wherein gases flow through the means for allowing gases to flow into the downstream region without resistance from the pressure-responsive valve.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
178 words
A valving system for regulating airflow into a patient's lungs, the system comprising: a housing having an upstream region and a downstream region; a pressure-responsive valve between the upstream region and the downstream region for preventing all respiratory gases from flowing from the upstream region to the downstream region until the pressure in the downstream region falls below a threshold level generated by chest compression and decompression on a non-breathing patient, said threshold intrathoracic pressure being in the range from -5 cm H 2 O to -60 cm H 2 O to enhance vital organ perfusion, the valve opening due to the negative intrathoracic pressure to allow respiratory gases to passively flow to the patient's lungs due to a pressure differential between the atmosphere and said negative intrathoracic pressure in the patient's chest when the pressure in the downstream region falls below the threshold pressure; an interface member for interfacing the housing to the patient's mouth; and a ventilatory tube or a ventilatory bag for supplying respiratory gases to the patient's lungs without impedance from the pressure-responsive valve.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
178 words
A valving system for regulating airflow into a patient's lungs, the system comprising: a housing having an upstream region and a downstream region; a pressure-responsive valve between the upstream region and the downstream region for preventing all respiratory gases from flowing from the upstream region to the downstream region until the pressure in the downstream region falls below a threshold level generated by chest compression and decompression on a non-breathing patient, said threshold intrathoracic pressure being in the range from -5 cm H 2 O to -60 cm H 2 O to enhance vital organ perfusion, the valve opening due to the negative intrathoracic pressure to allow respiratory gases to passively flow to the patient's lungs due to a pressure differential between the atmosphere and said negative intrathoracic pressure in the patient's chest when the pressure in the downstream region falls below the threshold pressure; an interface member for interfacing the housing to the patient's mouth; and a ventilatory tube or a ventilatory bag for supplying respiratory gases to the patient's lungs without impedance from the pressure-responsive valve.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
23 words
The system of claim 31, wherein the interface member includes an endotracheal tube, a facial mask, a laryngeal mask, or an oropharyngeal airway.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
134 words
A valving system for regulating airflow into a patient's lungs, the system comprising: a housing having an upstream region and a downstream region; a occlusion member between the upstream region and the downstream region which substantially completely prevents all respiratory gases from flowing from the upstream region to the downstream region to enhance vital organ perfusion when performing cardio pulmonary resuscitation; an interface member for interfacing the housing to the patient's mouth; a ventilatory tube or a ventilatory bag for supplying respiratory gases to the patient's lungs through the housing; and wherein the housing includes a manually operable valve which may be manually opened to allow respiratory gases to by-pass the occlusion member and to allow respiratory gases from the ventilatory tube or bag to flow into the patient's lungs through the downstream region.
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
134 words
A valving system for regulating airflow into a patient's lungs, the system comprising: a housing having an upstream region and a downstream region; a occlusion member between the upstream region and the downstream region which substantially completely prevents all respiratory gases from flowing from the upstream region to the downstream region to enhance vital organ perfusion when performing cardio pulmonary resuscitation; an interface member for interfacing the housing to the patient's mouth; a ventilatory tube or a ventilatory bag for supplying respiratory gases to the patient's lungs through the housing; and wherein the housing includes a manually operable valve which may be manually opened to allow respiratory gases to by-pass the occlusion member and to allow respiratory gases from the ventilatory tube or bag to flow into the patient's lungs through the downstream region.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 2000-12-01 | 2001-06-02 | 2001-12-02 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 2004-12-01 | 2005-06-02 | 2005-12-02 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2008-12-01 | 2009-06-02 | 2009-12-02 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |