US5631591A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Method and apparatus for synchronizing timing signals of two integrated circuit chips
Assignee: National Semiconductor Corp
•
Filing: 1995-05-30
•
Granted: 1997-05-20
•
Expires: 2015-05-30
Abstract
Abstract A phase synchronization circuit uses a phase comparator and adjustable delay lines that selectively delay a system clock timing signal applied to two integrated circuit chips. The phase comparator and delay lines compensate for propagation delays in each of the integrated circuit chip. The phase comparator receives bus clock signals of the two chips and generates two trigger signals for application to two counters. The counters count signals are applied to corresponding delay lines, which are clocked by a system clock. The delayed timing signals from the delay lines furnish timing signals to the corresponding integrated circuit chips. The count of the counter which corresponds to the integrated circuit chip having the smaller propagation delay is increased until the bus clock signals for the two integrated circuit chips are phase synchronized.
Inventors
- 👤 Amir Bar-Niv
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-29 18:21
CPC Classifications
H; H03; H03K; H03K5/00; H03K5/15; H03K5/15013; H03K5/1506; H03K5/15066; G; G06; G06F; G06F1/00; G06F1/04; G06F1/10
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 32
Claim 1
Independent Claim
229 words
A phase synchronization circuit for synchronizing timing of first and second integrated circuit chips comprising: a phase comparator coupled to the first integrated circuit chips for receiving a first bus timing signal and coupled to the second integrated circuit chip for receiving a second bus timing signal, the phase comparator generating a signal indicative of a propagation delay of the first and second bus timing signals; first and second adjustable delay lines coupled to the phase comparator for receiving the signal indicative of the propagation delay and coupled to a system clock line for receiving a system clock signal, the first and second adjustable delay lines respectively generating a first source clock signal for timing the first integrated circuit chip and a second source clock signal for timing the second integrated circuit chip, the first and second delay lines being responsive to the signal indicative of the propagation delay to increase a delay of a signal selected from the first and second source clock signals, the selected signal corresponding to a signal of the first and second bus clock signals having a smaller propagation delay; and a frequency switch circuit coupled to the first and second adjustable delay lines for switching to a low oscillating frequency when the propagation delay of the first integrated circuit chip and the propagation delay of the second integrated circuit chip are substantially matched.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
229 words
A phase synchronization circuit for synchronizing timing of first and second integrated circuit chips comprising: a phase comparator coupled to the first integrated circuit chips for receiving a first bus timing signal and coupled to the second integrated circuit chip for receiving a second bus timing signal, the phase comparator generating a signal indicative of a propagation delay of the first and second bus timing signals; first and second adjustable delay lines coupled to the phase comparator for receiving the signal indicative of the propagation delay and coupled to a system clock line for receiving a system clock signal, the first and second adjustable delay lines respectively generating a first source clock signal for timing the first integrated circuit chip and a second source clock signal for timing the second integrated circuit chip, the first and second delay lines being responsive to the signal indicative of the propagation delay to increase a delay of a signal selected from the first and second source clock signals, the selected signal corresponding to a signal of the first and second bus clock signals having a smaller propagation delay; and a frequency switch circuit coupled to the first and second adjustable delay lines for switching to a low oscillating frequency when the propagation delay of the first integrated circuit chip and the propagation delay of the second integrated circuit chip are substantially matched.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
44 words
A circuit according to claim 1 further comprising: means for locking a delay of the first and second delay lines when the signal indicative of a propagation delay indicates that the propagation delay of the first and second integrated circuit chips are substantially matched.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
197 words
A phase synchronization circuit comprising: a phase comparator having a first input terminal coupled to a first bus clock line, a second input terminal coupled to a second bus clock line, a first output terminal coupled to a first trigger line and a second output terminal coupled to a second trigger line, the phase comparator further including a phase lock detect circuit having a control input terminal coupled to a clear line and a control output terminal coupled to a frequency switch; a delay circuit having a first input terminal coupled to the first trigger line, a second input terminal coupled to the second trigger line, a first output terminal coupled to a first source clock line, a second output terminal coupled to a second source clock line, a clock input terminal coupled to a clock line, a control input terminal coupled to a reset line and a control output terminal coupled to the dear line; and said frequency switch having a clock signal input terminal coupled to a system oscillator, a clock signal output terminal coupled to the clock line, and a control input terminal coupled to said output terminal of said phase lock detect circuit.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
197 words
A phase synchronization circuit comprising: a phase comparator having a first input terminal coupled to a first bus clock line, a second input terminal coupled to a second bus clock line, a first output terminal coupled to a first trigger line and a second output terminal coupled to a second trigger line, the phase comparator further including a phase lock detect circuit having a control input terminal coupled to a clear line and a control output terminal coupled to a frequency switch; a delay circuit having a first input terminal coupled to the first trigger line, a second input terminal coupled to the second trigger line, a first output terminal coupled to a first source clock line, a second output terminal coupled to a second source clock line, a clock input terminal coupled to a clock line, a control input terminal coupled to a reset line and a control output terminal coupled to the dear line; and said frequency switch having a clock signal input terminal coupled to a system oscillator, a clock signal output terminal coupled to the clock line, and a control input terminal coupled to said output terminal of said phase lock detect circuit.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
162 words
A circuit according to claim 3 wherein the phase comparator comprises: a first bus phase comparator circuit having an input terminal coupled to the first bus clock line and an output terminal coupled to the first trigger line, the first bus phase comparator circuit including: a first differentiator including a first delay element and having an input terminal coupled to the first bus clock line and an output terminal; and a first D flip-flop having a clock terminal coupled to the output terminal of the first differentiator; and a second bus phase comparator circuit having an input terminal coupled to the second bus clock line and an output terminal coupled to the second trigger line, the second bus comparator circuit including: a second differentiator including a second delay element and having an input terminal coupled to the second bus clock line and an output terminal; a second D flip-flop having a clock terminal coupled to the output terminal of the second differentiator.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
196 words
A circuit according to claim 4 wherein: the first bus phase comparator circuit further includes: a first AND gate having a first input terminal coupled to the output terminal of the first differentiator, a second input terminal coupled to the second delay element and an output terminal coupled to the clock terminal of the first D flip-flop; and a second AND gate having a first input terminal coupled to the output terminal of the first differentiator, a second input terminal coupled to a Q output terminal of the second D flip-flop and an output terminal coupled to the first trigger line; and the second bus phase comparator circuit further includes: a third AND gate having a first input terminal coupled to the output terminal of the second differentiator, a second input terminal coupled to the first delay element and an output terminal coupled to the clock terminal of the second D tip-flop; and a fourth AND gate having a first input terminal coupled to the output terminal of the second differentiator, a second input terminal coupled to a Q output terminal of the first D flip-flop and an output terminal coupled to the second trigger line.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
58 words
A circuit according to claim 3 wherein the phase lock detect circuit comprises: a fifth AND gate having a first input terminal coupled to a Q output terminal of the first D flip-flop, a second input terminal coupled to a Q output terminal of the second D flip-flop and an output terminal coupled to the phase lock line.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
76 words
A circuit according to claim 4 wherein: the first delay element includes: a resistor; an inverter coupled in series with the resistor; and the first differentiator includes: the first delay element having an input terminal coupled to the first bus clock line and an output terminal; and an AND gate having a first input terminal coupled to the first bus clock line, a second input terminal coupled to the output terminal of the first delay element.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
251 words
A circuit according to claim 3 wherein the delay circuit comprises: a first bus phase delay circuit including: a first counter having an input terminal coupled to the first trigger line, a plurality of data output terminals, a carry output terminal and an input control terminal coupled to a reset line; a first delay element having a plurality of delay control lines coupled to the data output terminals of the first counter, a clock input terminal coupled to the clock line and a clock output terminal; and a first AND gate having a first input terminal coupled to the first delay element clock output terminal, a second input terminal and an output terminal coupled to the first source clock line; and a second bus phase delay circuit including: a second counter having an input terminal coupled to the second trigger line, a plurality of data output terminals, a carry output terminal coupled to the second input terminal of the first AND gate, and an input control terminal coupled to the reset line; a second delay element having a plurality of delay control lines coupled to the data output terminals of the second counter, a clock input terminal coupled to the clock line and a clock output terminal; and a second AND gate having a first input terminal coupled to the second delay element clock output terminal, a second input terminal coupled to the carry output terminal of the first counter and an output terminal coupled to the second source clock line.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
87 words
A circuit according to claim 8 wherein the delay circuit further comprises: a third AND gate having a first input terminal coupled to the carry output terminal of the first counter, a second input terminal coupled to the carry output terminal of the second counter and an output terminal; and a fourth AND gate having a first input terminal coupled to the output terminal of the third AND gate, a second input terminal coupled to the reset line and an output terminal coupled to the clear line.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
226 words
A circuit according to claim 3 wherein the frequency switch comprises: a first inverter having an input terminal coupled to the system oscillator and an output terminal; a first D flip-flop having a D input terminal coupled to said output terminal of said phase lock detect circuit, a clock input terminal coupled to the output terminal of the first inverter and a Q output terminal; a second D flip-flop having a D input terminal coupled to the first D flip-flop Q output terminal, a clock input terminal coupled to the output terminal of the first inverter and a Q output terminal; an AND gate having a first input terminal coupled to the system oscillator, a second input terminal coupled to the second D flip-flop Q output terminal and an output terminal; an oscillator; a second inverter having an input terminal coupled to said output terminal of said phase lock detect circuit and an output terminal; a buffer having a first input terminal coupled to the output terminal of the AND gate, a first output terminal coupled to the clock line, a first control terminal coupled to the output terminal of the second inverter, a second input terminal coupled to the oscillator, a second output terminal coupled to the clock line, and a second control terminal coupled to said output terminal of said phase lock detect circuit.
Claim 13
Independent Claim
180 words
A method of synchronizing timing signals of two integrated circuits comprising the steps of: detecting a system reset signal: enabling a low frequency temporary oscillator and disabling a system oscillator: sensing a rising edge of a first bus clock signal and a second bus clock signal; comparing a relative phase of the first and second bus clock signals to determine a leading bus clock signal; identifying the leading bus clock signal to be a preempted bus clock signal; monitoring the first and second bus clock signals to identify a plurality of preempted bus clock signals; detecting rising edges of a plurality of preempted bus clock signals; for each rising edge of the plurality of preempted bus clock signals, incrementing a delay of a source clock timing signal corresponding to the preempted bus clock signal; comparing a relative phase of the first and second bus clock signals; terminating further delaying of the source clock timing signal when the relative phase of the first and second bus clock signals match; and disabling the low frequency temporary oscillator and enabling the system oscillator.
Claim 14
Independent Claim
180 words
A method of synchronizing timing signals of two integrated circuits comprising the steps of: detecting a system reset signal: enabling a low frequency temporary oscillator and disabling a system oscillator: sensing a rising edge of a first bus clock signal and a second bus clock signal; comparing a relative phase of the first and second bus clock signals to determine a leading bus clock signal; identifying the leading bus clock signal to be a preempted bus clock signal; monitoring the first and second bus clock signals to identify a plurality of preempted bus clock signals; detecting rising edges of a plurality of preempted bus clock signals; for each rising edge of the plurality of preempted bus clock signals, incrementing a delay of a source clock timing signal corresponding to the preempted bus clock signal; comparing a relative phase of the first and second bus clock signals; terminating further delaying of the source clock timing signal when the relative phase of the first and second bus clock signals match; and disabling the low frequency temporary oscillator and enabling the system oscillator.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
44 words
A synchronizing method according to claim 11 wherein the source clock timing signal delay incrementing step further comprises the steps of: incrementing a counter in response to the preempted bus clock signal rising edge; and setting an adjustable delay line to the counter value.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
41 words
A synchronizing method according to claim 11 wherein the step of incrementing the delay of the source clock timing signal comprises the steps of: counting a number of signal rising edges; and applying the count to a selectable delay line element.
Claim 17
Independent Claim
241 words
A method of synchronizing timing signals of two integrated circuits comprising the steps of: detecting a system reset signal; enabling a low frequency temporary oscillator and disabling a system oscillator; sensing a rising edge of a first bus clock signal and a second bus clock signal; comparing a relative phase of the first and second bus clock signals to determine a leading bus clock signal; determining whether the relative phase of the first and second bus clock signals is greater than 180°; when the relative phase of the first and second bus clock signals is greater than 180°, rough synchronizing the first and second bus clock signals by eliminating one source clock cycle from one signal of the first and second bus clock signals; identifying the leading bus clock signal to be a preempted bus clock signal; monitoring the first and second bus clock signals to identify a plurality of preempted bus clock signals; detecting rising edges of the plurality of preempted bus clock signals; for each rising edge of the plurality of preempted bus clock signal rising edges, incrementing a delay of a source clock timing signal corresponding to the preempted bus clock signal; comparing a relative phase of the first and second bus clock signals; terminating further delaying of the source clock timing signal when the relative phase of the first and second bus clock signals match; and disabling the low frequency temporary oscillator and enabling the system oscillator.
Claim 18
Independent Claim
241 words
A method of synchronizing timing signals of two integrated circuits comprising the steps of: detecting a system reset signal; enabling a low frequency temporary oscillator and disabling a system oscillator; sensing a rising edge of a first bus clock signal and a second bus clock signal; comparing a relative phase of the first and second bus clock signals to determine a leading bus clock signal; determining whether the relative phase of the first and second bus clock signals is greater than 180°; when the relative phase of the first and second bus clock signals is greater than 180°, rough synchronizing the first and second bus clock signals by eliminating one source clock cycle from one signal of the first and second bus clock signals; identifying the leading bus clock signal to be a preempted bus clock signal; monitoring the first and second bus clock signals to identify a plurality of preempted bus clock signals; detecting rising edges of the plurality of preempted bus clock signals; for each rising edge of the plurality of preempted bus clock signal rising edges, incrementing a delay of a source clock timing signal corresponding to the preempted bus clock signal; comparing a relative phase of the first and second bus clock signals; terminating further delaying of the source clock timing signal when the relative phase of the first and second bus clock signals match; and disabling the low frequency temporary oscillator and enabling the system oscillator.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
198 words
A phase synchronization circuit comprising: means for detecting a system reset signal; means for enabling a low frequency temporary oscillator and disabling a system oscillator: means for sensing a rising edge of a first bus clock signal and a second bus clock signal; a phase comparator for comparing a relative phase of the first and second bus clock signals to determine a leading bus clock signal; means for identifying the leading bus clock signal to be a preempted bus clock signal; means for monitoring the first and second bus clock signals to identify a plurality of preempted bus clock signals; means for detecting rising edges of a plurality of preempted bus clock signals; means operative for the rising edges of the plurality of preempted bus clock signal rising edges for incrementing a delay of a source clock timing signal corresponding to the preempted bus clock signal; means for comparing a relative phase of the first and second bus clock signals; means for terminating further delaying of the source clock timing signal when the relative phase of the first and second bus clock signals match; and means for disabling the low frequency temporary oscillator and enabling the system oscillator.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
198 words
A phase synchronization circuit comprising: means for detecting a system reset signal; means for enabling a low frequency temporary oscillator and disabling a system oscillator: means for sensing a rising edge of a first bus clock signal and a second bus clock signal; a phase comparator for comparing a relative phase of the first and second bus clock signals to determine a leading bus clock signal; means for identifying the leading bus clock signal to be a preempted bus clock signal; means for monitoring the first and second bus clock signals to identify a plurality of preempted bus clock signals; means for detecting rising edges of a plurality of preempted bus clock signals; means operative for the rising edges of the plurality of preempted bus clock signal rising edges for incrementing a delay of a source clock timing signal corresponding to the preempted bus clock signal; means for comparing a relative phase of the first and second bus clock signals; means for terminating further delaying of the source clock timing signal when the relative phase of the first and second bus clock signals match; and means for disabling the low frequency temporary oscillator and enabling the system oscillator.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
338 words
An electronic circuit comprising: a first integrated circuit chip having a source clock input terminal coupled to a first source clock line and a bus clock output terminal coupled to a first bus clock line; a second integrated circuit chip having a source clock input terminal coupled to a second source clock line and a bus clock output terminal coupled to a second bus clock line; a phase comparator having a first input terminal coupled to the first bus clock line, a second input terminal coupled to the second bus clock line, a first output terminal coupled to a first trigger line and a second output terminal coupled to a second trigger line, the phase comparator generating trigger signals on the first and second trigger lines responsive to bus timing signals on the first and second bus clock lines indicative of a propagation delay in the first and second integrated circuit chips; a first adjustable delay line having an input terminal coupled to the first trigger line, an output terminal coupled to the first source clock line, and a clock input terminal coupled to a system clock line; a second adjustable delay line having an input terminal coupled to the second trigger line, an output terminal coupled to the second source clock line, and a clock input terminal coupled to the system clock line; the first and second adjustable delay lines generating source clock signals on the first and second source clock lines so that an additional delay is added to the source clock signals of a chip selected from the first and second integrated circuit chips, the selected chip having a smaller propagation delay; and a frequency switch having an input terminal coupled to the phase comparator and a clock signal output terminal coupled to the system clock line, the frequency switch locking a system clock signal generated on the system clock line responsive to a signal from the phase comparator indicative that the propagation delay in the first and second integrated circuit chips is substantially equal.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
338 words
An electronic circuit comprising: a first integrated circuit chip having a source clock input terminal coupled to a first source clock line and a bus clock output terminal coupled to a first bus clock line; a second integrated circuit chip having a source clock input terminal coupled to a second source clock line and a bus clock output terminal coupled to a second bus clock line; a phase comparator having a first input terminal coupled to the first bus clock line, a second input terminal coupled to the second bus clock line, a first output terminal coupled to a first trigger line and a second output terminal coupled to a second trigger line, the phase comparator generating trigger signals on the first and second trigger lines responsive to bus timing signals on the first and second bus clock lines indicative of a propagation delay in the first and second integrated circuit chips; a first adjustable delay line having an input terminal coupled to the first trigger line, an output terminal coupled to the first source clock line, and a clock input terminal coupled to a system clock line; a second adjustable delay line having an input terminal coupled to the second trigger line, an output terminal coupled to the second source clock line, and a clock input terminal coupled to the system clock line; the first and second adjustable delay lines generating source clock signals on the first and second source clock lines so that an additional delay is added to the source clock signals of a chip selected from the first and second integrated circuit chips, the selected chip having a smaller propagation delay; and a frequency switch having an input terminal coupled to the phase comparator and a clock signal output terminal coupled to the system clock line, the frequency switch locking a system clock signal generated on the system clock line responsive to a signal from the phase comparator indicative that the propagation delay in the first and second integrated circuit chips is substantially equal.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
21 words
A circuit according to claim 16 further comprising: means coupled to the frequency switch for smoothly locking the system clock signal.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
162 words
A circuit according to claim 17 wherein the phase comparator comprises: a first bus phase comparator circuit having an input terminal coupled to the first bus clock line and an output terminal coupled to the first trigger line, the first bus phase comparator circuit including: a first differentiator including a first delay element and having an input terminal coupled to the first bus clock line and an output terminal; and a first D flip-flop having a clock terminal coupled to the output terminal of the first differentiator; and a second bus phase comparator circuit having an input terminal coupled to the second bus clock line and an output terminal coupled to the second trigger line, the second bus comparator circuit including: a second differentiator including a second delay element and having an input terminal coupled to the second bus clock line and an output terminal; a second D flip-flop having a clock terminal coupled to the output terminal of the second differentiator.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
196 words
A circuit according to claim 18 wherein: the first bus phase comparator circuit further includes: a first AND gate having a first input terminal coupled to the output terminal of the first differentiator, a second input terminal coupled to the second delay element and an output terminal coupled to the clock terminal of the first D flip-flop; and a second AND gate having a first input terminal coupled to the output terminal of the first differentiator, a second input terminal coupled to a Q output terminal of the second D flip-flop and an output terminal coupled to the first trigger line; and the second bus phase comparator circuit further includes: a third AND gate having a first input terminal coupled to the output terminal of the second differentiator, a second input terminal coupled to the first delay element and an output terminal coupled to the clock terminal of the second D flip-flop; and a fourth AND gate having a first input terminal coupled to the output terminal of the second differentiator, a second input terminal coupled to a Q output terminal of the first D flip-flop and an output terminal coupled to the second trigger line.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
82 words
A circuit according to claim 19 wherein: the phase comparator further includes a phase lock detect circuit having a control input terminal coupled to a clear line and a control output terminal coupled to a phase lock line; the first and second adjustable delay lines further include a control input terminal coupled to a reset line and a control output terminal coupled to the clear line; and the frequency switch further includes a control input terminal coupled to the phase lock line.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
58 words
A circuit according to claim 20 wherein the phase lock detect circuit comprises: a fifth AND gate having a first input terminal coupled to a Q output terminal of the first D flip-flop, a second input terminal coupled to a Q output terminal of the second D flip-flop and an output terminal coupled to the phase lock line.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
76 words
A circuit according to claim 18 wherein: the first delay element includes: a resistor; an inverter coupled in series with the resistor; and the first differentiator includes: the first delay element having an input terminal coupled to the first bus clock line and an output terminal; and an AND gate having a first input terminal coupled to the first bus clock line, a second input terminal coupled to the output terminal of the first delay element.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
255 words
A circuit according to claim 16 wherein the first and second adjustable delay lines comprise: a first bus phase delay circuit including: a first counter having an input terminal coupled to the first trigger line, a plurality of data output terminals, a carry output terminal and an input control terminal coupled to a reset line; a first delay element having a plurality of delay control lines coupled to the data output terminals of the first counter, a clock input terminal coupled to the clock line and a clock output terminal; and a first AND gate having a first input terminal coupled to the first delay element clock output terminal, a second input terminal and an output terminal coupled to the first source clock line; and a second bus phase delay circuit including: a second counter having an input terminal coupled to the second trigger line, a plurality of data output terminals, a carry output terminal coupled to the second input terminal of the first AND gate, and an input control terminal coupled to the reset line; a second delay element having a plurality of delay control lines coupled to the data output terminals of the second counter, a clock input terminal coupled to the clock line and a clock output terminal; and a second AND gate having a second input terminal coupled to the second delay element clock output terminal, a second input terminal coupled to the carry output terminal of the first counter, and an output terminal coupled to the second source clock line.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
91 words
A circuit according to claim 23 wherein the first and second adjustable delay lines further comprise: a third AND gate having a first input terminal coupled to the carry output terminal of the first counter, a second input terminal coupled to the carry output terminal of the second counter and an output terminal; and a fourth AND gate having a first input terminal coupled to the output terminal of the third AND gate, a second input terminal coupled to the reset line and an output terminal coupled to the clear line.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
82 words
A circuit according to claim 16 wherein: the phase comparator further includes a phase lock detect circuit having a control input terminal coupled to a clear line and a control output terminal coupled to a phase lock line; the first and second adjustable delay lines further include a control input terminal coupled to a reset line and a control output terminal coupled to the clear line; and the frequency switch further includes a control input terminal coupled to the phase lock line.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
208 words
A circuit according to claim 25 wherein the frequency switch comprises: a first inverter having an input terminal coupled to the system oscillator and an output terminal; a first D flip-flop having a D input terminal coupled to the phase lock line, a clock input terminal coupled to the output terminal of the first inverter and a Q output terminal; a second D flip-flop having a D input terminal coupled to the first D flip-flop Q output terminal, a clock input terminal coupled to the output terminal of the first inverter and a Q output terminal; an AND gate having a first input terminal coupled to the system oscillator, a second input terminal coupled to the second D flip-flop Q output terminal and an output terminal; an oscillator; a second inverter having an input terminal coupled to the phase lock line and an output terminal; a buffer having a first input terminal coupled to the output terminal of the AND gate, a first output terminal coupled to the clock line, a first control terminal coupled to the phase lock line, a second input terminal coupled to the oscillator, a second output terminal coupled to the clock line, and a second control terminal coupled to the phase lock line.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
US4333055A
Cited
US4546269A
Cited
US4604582A
Cited
US4795985A
Cited
US4922141A
Cited
US5101117A
Cited
US5173617A
Cited
US5122679A
Cited
US5218314A
Cited
US5298866A
Cited
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 2000-05-19 | 2000-11-18 | 2001-05-20 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 2004-05-19 | 2004-11-18 | 2005-05-20 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2008-05-19 | 2008-11-18 | 2009-05-20 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |