Patent US4651369A successfully refreshed from Google Patents.
Patent US5630413A successfully refreshed from Google Patents.
US5630413A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Reliable noninvasive measurement of blood gases
Assignee: National Technology and Engineering Solutions of Sandia LLC
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Filing: 1994-08-12
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Granted: 1997-05-20
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Expires: 2014-08-12
Abstract
Abstract This invention relates to methods and apparatus for, preferably, determining non-invasively and in vivo at least two of the five blood gas parameters (i.e., pH, [HCO 3 - ], PCO 2 , PO 2 , and O 2 sat.) in a human.
Inventors
- 👤 Edward V. Thomas
- 👤 Mark R. Robinson
- 👤 David M. Haaland
- 👤 Mary K. Alam
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-03 05:54
CPC Classifications
A; A61; A61B; A61B5/00; A61B5/145; A61B5/1491; A61B5/02; A61B5/02007; A61B5/14539; A61B5/14546; A61B5/1455; A61B5/14551; A61B5/24; A61B5/316; A61B5/318; A61B5/346; A61B5/349; A61B5/352; A61B5/41; A61B5/414; A61B5/416; A61B5/68; A61B5/6801; A61B5/6813; A61B5/6825; A61B5/6826; A61B5/683; A61B5/6838; A61B2503/00; A61B2503/40; A61B5/72; A61B5/7235; A61B5/7264; Y; Y10; Y10S; Y10S128/00; Y10S128/92; Y10S128/925
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 47
Claim 1
Independent Claim
160 words
A quantitative analysis instrument for noninvasive measurement of two or more blood gas parameters present in blood containing tissue of a human, said instrument comprising: a. a source of at least three different wavelengths of light, said wavelengths being in the range of 500 to 2500 nm; b. optics for directing said wavelengths of light into said tissue; c. at least one detector for measuring the intensities of at least a portion of said wavelengths of said light emerging from said tissue at, at least, three wavelengths of said light during the systolic and diastolic portions of the cardiac cycle; d. electronics for processing said measured intensities to estimate the values at least two of pH, PCO 2 , and [HCO 3 - ] and a measure of oxygen saturation in said blood based on the intensity variations of said wavelengths of light due to blood pulsations; and e. means for indicating said estimated values of said blood gas parameters.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
160 words
A quantitative analysis instrument for noninvasive measurement of two or more blood gas parameters present in blood containing tissue of a human, said instrument comprising: a. a source of at least three different wavelengths of light, said wavelengths being in the range of 500 to 2500 nm; b. optics for directing said wavelengths of light into said tissue; c. at least one detector for measuring the intensities of at least a portion of said wavelengths of said light emerging from said tissue at, at least, three wavelengths of said light during the systolic and diastolic portions of the cardiac cycle; d. electronics for processing said measured intensities to estimate the values at least two of pH, PCO 2 , and [HCO 3 - ] and a measure of oxygen saturation in said blood based on the intensity variations of said wavelengths of light due to blood pulsations; and e. means for indicating said estimated values of said blood gas parameters.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
104 words
A quantitative analysis instrument for noninvasive spectroscopic measurement of tissue pH in humans, said instrument comprising: a. a source of at least three different wavelengths of light, said wavelengths being in the range of 500 to 2500 nm; b. optics for directing said wavelengths of light into human tissue; c. at least one detector for measuring the intensities of at least a portion of said wavelengths of said light emerging from said tissue at, at least, three wavelengths of said light; d. electronics for processing said measured intensities to estimate tissue pH values; and e. means for indicating said estimated values of tissue pH.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
104 words
A quantitative analysis instrument for noninvasive spectroscopic measurement of tissue pH in humans, said instrument comprising: a. a source of at least three different wavelengths of light, said wavelengths being in the range of 500 to 2500 nm; b. optics for directing said wavelengths of light into human tissue; c. at least one detector for measuring the intensities of at least a portion of said wavelengths of said light emerging from said tissue at, at least, three wavelengths of said light; d. electronics for processing said measured intensities to estimate tissue pH values; and e. means for indicating said estimated values of tissue pH.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
23 words
The analysis instrument of claim 2, wherein the said electronics utilizes a multivariate algorithm using at least two variables and a calibration model.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
43 words
The analysis instrument of claim 3, wherein said algorithm is capable of using more spectral variables per sample than the number of calibration samples used to generate said model, and wherein each of said variables consists of at least one measured spectral intensity.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
110 words
A quantitative analysis instrument for noninvasive spectroscopic measurement of blood pH in human tissue, said instrument comprising: a. a source of at least three different wavelengths of light, said wavelengths being in the range of 500 to 2500 mm; b. optics for directing said wavelengths of light into said human tissue; c. at least one detector for measuring the intensity of at least a portion of said wavelengths of said light emerging from said human tissue at, at least, three wavelengths of said light; d. electronics for processing said measured intensities to estimate blood pH values in said blood; and e. means for indicating said estimated values of blood pH.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
110 words
A quantitative analysis instrument for noninvasive spectroscopic measurement of blood pH in human tissue, said instrument comprising: a. a source of at least three different wavelengths of light, said wavelengths being in the range of 500 to 2500 mm; b. optics for directing said wavelengths of light into said human tissue; c. at least one detector for measuring the intensity of at least a portion of said wavelengths of said light emerging from said human tissue at, at least, three wavelengths of said light; d. electronics for processing said measured intensities to estimate blood pH values in said blood; and e. means for indicating said estimated values of blood pH.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
23 words
The analysis instrument of claim 5, wherein the said electronics utilizes a multivariate algorithm using at least two variables and a calibration model.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
43 words
The analysis instrument of claim 6, wherein said algorithm is capable of using more spectral variables per sample than the number of calibration samples used to generate said model, and wherein each of said variables consists of at least one measured spectral intensity.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
24 words
The analysis instrument of claim 5, wherein said source generates said at least three different wavelengths of light in the range of 500-1000 nm.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
24 words
The analysis instrument of claim 5, wherein said source generates said at least three different wavelengths of light in the range of 1000-2500 nm.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
139 words
A quantitative analysis instrument for noninvasive spectroscopic measurement of arterial blood pH in tissue in a human, said instrument comprising: a. a source of at least three different wavelengths of light, said wavelengths being in the range of 500 to 2500 nm; b. optics for directing said wavelengths of light into tissue containing arterial blood; c. at least one detector for measuring the intensities of at least a portion of said wavelengths of said light emerging from said tissue at, at least, three wavelengths of said light during the systolic and diastolic portions of the cardiac cycle of said human; d. electronics for processing said measured intensities to estimate arterial blood pH values based on the intensity variations of said wavelengths of light due to blood pulsations; and e. means for indicating said estimated values of arterial blood pH.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
139 words
A quantitative analysis instrument for noninvasive spectroscopic measurement of arterial blood pH in tissue in a human, said instrument comprising: a. a source of at least three different wavelengths of light, said wavelengths being in the range of 500 to 2500 nm; b. optics for directing said wavelengths of light into tissue containing arterial blood; c. at least one detector for measuring the intensities of at least a portion of said wavelengths of said light emerging from said tissue at, at least, three wavelengths of said light during the systolic and diastolic portions of the cardiac cycle of said human; d. electronics for processing said measured intensities to estimate arterial blood pH values based on the intensity variations of said wavelengths of light due to blood pulsations; and e. means for indicating said estimated values of arterial blood pH.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
23 words
The analysis instrument of claim 10, wherein the said electronics utilizes a multivariate algorithm using at least two variables and a calibration model.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
43 words
The analysis instrument of claim 11, wherein said algorithm is capable of using more spectral variables per sample than the number of calibration samples used to generate said model, and wherein each of said variables consists of at least one measured spectral intensity.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
51 words
The analysis instrument of claim 10, wherein said electronics contains memory means for storing a diastolic set of spectral intensities v. wavelengths and a systolic set of spectral intensities v. wavelengths and for processing said diastolic and systolic sets, to obtain an arterial blood specific set of spectral intensities v. wavelengths.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
113 words
A quantitative analysis instrument for noninvasive spectroscopic measurement of tissue [HCO 3 - ] in humans, said instrument comprising: a. a source of at least three different wavelengths of light, said wavelengths being in the range of 500 to 2500 nm; b. optics for directing said wavelengths of light into human tissue; c. at least one detector for measuring the intensities of at least a portion of said wavelengths of said light emerging from said tissue at, at least, three wavelengths of said light; d. electronics for processing said measured intensities to estimate tissue [HCO 3 - ] values; and e. means for indicating said estimated values of tissue [HCO 3 - ].
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
113 words
A quantitative analysis instrument for noninvasive spectroscopic measurement of tissue [HCO 3 - ] in humans, said instrument comprising: a. a source of at least three different wavelengths of light, said wavelengths being in the range of 500 to 2500 nm; b. optics for directing said wavelengths of light into human tissue; c. at least one detector for measuring the intensities of at least a portion of said wavelengths of said light emerging from said tissue at, at least, three wavelengths of said light; d. electronics for processing said measured intensities to estimate tissue [HCO 3 - ] values; and e. means for indicating said estimated values of tissue [HCO 3 - ].
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
23 words
The analysis instrument of claim 14, wherein the said electronics utilizes a multivariate algorithm using at least two variables and a calibration model.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
43 words
The analysis instrument of claim 15, wherein said algorithm is capable of using more spectral variables per sample than the number of calibration samples used to generate said model, and wherein each of said variables consists of at least one measured spectral intensity.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
114 words
A quantitative analysis instrument for noninvasive spectroscopic measurement of blood [HCO 3 - ] in human tissue, said instrument comprising: a. a source of at least three different wavelengths of light, said wavelengths being in the range of 500 to 2500 nm; b. optics for directing said wavelengths of light into said tissue; c. at least one detector for measuring the intensities of at least a portion of said wavelengths of said light emerging from said tissue at, at least, three wavelengths of said light; d. electronics for processing said measured intensities to estimate blood [HCO 3 - ] values; and e. means for indicating said estimated values of blood [HCO 3 - ].
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
114 words
A quantitative analysis instrument for noninvasive spectroscopic measurement of blood [HCO 3 - ] in human tissue, said instrument comprising: a. a source of at least three different wavelengths of light, said wavelengths being in the range of 500 to 2500 nm; b. optics for directing said wavelengths of light into said tissue; c. at least one detector for measuring the intensities of at least a portion of said wavelengths of said light emerging from said tissue at, at least, three wavelengths of said light; d. electronics for processing said measured intensities to estimate blood [HCO 3 - ] values; and e. means for indicating said estimated values of blood [HCO 3 - ].
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
23 words
The analysis instrument of claim 17, wherein the said electronics utilizes a multivariate algorithm using at least two variables and a calibration model.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
43 words
The analysis instrument of claim 18, wherein said algorithm is capable of using more spectral variables per sample than the number of calibration samples used to generate said model, and wherein each of said variables consists of at least one measured spectral intensity.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
148 words
A quantitative analysis instrument for noninvasive spectroscopic measurement of arterial blood [HCO 3 - ] in tissue in a human, said instrument comprising: a. a source of at least three different wavelengths of light, said wavelengths being in the range of 500 to 2500 nm; b. optics for directing said wavelengths of light into tissue containing arterial blood; c. at least one detector for measuring the intensities of at least a portion of said wavelengths of said light emerging from said tissue at, at least, three wavelengths of said light during the systolic and diastolic portions of the cardiac cycle of said human; d. electronics for processing said measured intensities to estimate arterial blood [HCO 3 - ] values based on the intensity variations of said wavelengths of light due to blood pulsations; and e. means for indicating said estimated values of arterial blood [HCO 3 - ].
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
148 words
A quantitative analysis instrument for noninvasive spectroscopic measurement of arterial blood [HCO 3 - ] in tissue in a human, said instrument comprising: a. a source of at least three different wavelengths of light, said wavelengths being in the range of 500 to 2500 nm; b. optics for directing said wavelengths of light into tissue containing arterial blood; c. at least one detector for measuring the intensities of at least a portion of said wavelengths of said light emerging from said tissue at, at least, three wavelengths of said light during the systolic and diastolic portions of the cardiac cycle of said human; d. electronics for processing said measured intensities to estimate arterial blood [HCO 3 - ] values based on the intensity variations of said wavelengths of light due to blood pulsations; and e. means for indicating said estimated values of arterial blood [HCO 3 - ].
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
23 words
The analysis instrument of claim 20, wherein the said electronics utilizes a multivariate algorithm using at least two variables and a calibration model.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
43 words
The analysis instrument of claim 21, wherein said algorithm is capable of using more spectral variables per sample than the number of calibration samples used to generate said model, and wherein each of said variables consists of at least one measured spectral intensity.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
51 words
The analysis instrument of claim 20, wherein said electronics contains memory means for storing a diastolic set of spectral intensities v. wavelengths and a systolic set of spectral intensities v. wavelengths and for processing said diastolic and systolic sets, to obtain an arterial blood specific set of spectral intensities v. wavelengths.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
108 words
A quantitative analysis instrument for noninvasive spectroscopic measurement of tissue PCO 2 in humans, said instrument comprising: a. a source of at least three different wavelengths of light, said wavelengths being in the range of 500 to 2500 nm; b. optics for directing said wavelengths of light into said human; c. at least one detector for measuring the intensities of at least a portion of said wavelengths of said light emerging from said tissue at, at least, three wavelengths of said light; d. electronics for processing said measured intensities to estimate tissue PCO 2 values; and e. means for indicating said estimated values of tissue PCO 2 .
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
108 words
A quantitative analysis instrument for noninvasive spectroscopic measurement of tissue PCO 2 in humans, said instrument comprising: a. a source of at least three different wavelengths of light, said wavelengths being in the range of 500 to 2500 nm; b. optics for directing said wavelengths of light into said human; c. at least one detector for measuring the intensities of at least a portion of said wavelengths of said light emerging from said tissue at, at least, three wavelengths of said light; d. electronics for processing said measured intensities to estimate tissue PCO 2 values; and e. means for indicating said estimated values of tissue PCO 2 .
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
23 words
The analysis instrument of claim 24, wherein the said electronics utilizes a multivariate algorithm using at least two variables and a calibration model.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
43 words
The analysis instrument of claim 25, wherein said algorithm is capable of using more spectral variables per sample than the number of calibration samples used to generate said model, and wherein each of said variables consists of at least one measured spectral intensity.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
109 words
A quantitative analysis instrument for noninvasive spectroscopic measurement of blood PCO 2 in human tissue, said instrument comprising: a. a source of at least three different wavelengths of light, said wavelengths being in the range of 500 to 2500 nm; b. optics for directing said wavelengths of light into said tissue; c. at least one detector for measuring the intensities of at least a portion of said wavelengths of said light emerging from said tissue at, at least, three wavelengths of said light; d. electronics for processing said measured intensities to estimate blood PCO 2 values; and e. means for indicating said estimated values of blood PCO 2 .
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
109 words
A quantitative analysis instrument for noninvasive spectroscopic measurement of blood PCO 2 in human tissue, said instrument comprising: a. a source of at least three different wavelengths of light, said wavelengths being in the range of 500 to 2500 nm; b. optics for directing said wavelengths of light into said tissue; c. at least one detector for measuring the intensities of at least a portion of said wavelengths of said light emerging from said tissue at, at least, three wavelengths of said light; d. electronics for processing said measured intensities to estimate blood PCO 2 values; and e. means for indicating said estimated values of blood PCO 2 .
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
23 words
The analysis instrument of claim 27, wherein the said electronics utilizes a multivariate algorithm using at least two variables and a calibration model.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
43 words
The analysis instrument of claim 28, wherein said algorithm is capable of using more spectral variables per sample than the number of calibration samples used to generate said model, and wherein each of said variables consists of at least one measured spectral intensity.
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
143 words
A quantitative analysis instrument for noninvasive spectroscopic measurement of arterial blood PCO 2 in tissue in a human, said instrument comprising: a. a source of at least three different wavelengths of light, said wavelengths being in the range of 500 to 2500 nm; b. optics for directing said wavelengths of light into tissue containing arterial blood; c. at least one detector for measuring the intensities of at least a portion of said wavelengths of said light emerging from said tissue at, at least, three wavelengths of said light during the systolic and diastolic portions of the cardiac cycle of said human; d. electronics for processing said measured intensities to estimate arterial blood PCO 2 values based on the intensity variations of said wavelengths of light due to blood pulsations; and e. means for indicating said estimated values of arterial blood PCO 2 .
Claim 40
Dependent Claim
143 words
A quantitative analysis instrument for noninvasive spectroscopic measurement of arterial blood PCO 2 in tissue in a human, said instrument comprising: a. a source of at least three different wavelengths of light, said wavelengths being in the range of 500 to 2500 nm; b. optics for directing said wavelengths of light into tissue containing arterial blood; c. at least one detector for measuring the intensities of at least a portion of said wavelengths of said light emerging from said tissue at, at least, three wavelengths of said light during the systolic and diastolic portions of the cardiac cycle of said human; d. electronics for processing said measured intensities to estimate arterial blood PCO 2 values based on the intensity variations of said wavelengths of light due to blood pulsations; and e. means for indicating said estimated values of arterial blood PCO 2 .
Claim 41
Dependent Claim
23 words
The analysis instrument of claim 30, wherein the said electronics utilizes a multivariate algorithm using at least two variables and a calibration model.
Claim 42
Dependent Claim
43 words
The analysis instrument of claim 31, wherein said algorithm is capable of using more spectral variables per sample than the number of calibration samples used to generate said model, and wherein each of said variables consists of at least one measured spectral intensity.
Claim 43
Dependent Claim
51 words
The analysis instrument of claim 30, wherein said electronics contains memory means for storing a diastolic set of spectral intensities v. wavelengths and a systolic set of spectral intensities v. wavelengths and for processing said diastolic and systolic sets, to obtain an arterial blood specific set of spectral intensities v. wavelengths.
Claim 44
Independent Claim
169 words
A method of determining noninvasively at least one of pH, [HCO 3 - ], PCO 2 in a human, said method comprising steps of: a. generating light at three or more different wavelengths, said wavelengths being in the range of 500 nm to 2500 nm; b. noninvasively irradiating blood containing tissue with said wavelengths so that there is differential attenuation of at least some intensities of said wavelengths, said wavelength dependent differential attenuation being a function of said blood containing tissue and the unknown value of at least one of pH, [HCO 3 - ], and PCO 2 in said blood containing tissue; c. measuring said intensities of said wavelengths emerging from said blood containing tissue to obtain a set of at least three spectral intensities v. wavelengths; and d. estimating said value of said at least one of pH, [HCO 3 - ], and PCO 2 , from said intensities emerging from said blood containing tissue, said value being within the physiological ranges observed in blood containing tissue.
Claim 45
Independent Claim
169 words
A method of determining noninvasively at least one of pH, [HCO 3 - ], PCO 2 in a human, said method comprising steps of: a. generating light at three or more different wavelengths, said wavelengths being in the range of 500 nm to 2500 nm; b. noninvasively irradiating blood containing tissue with said wavelengths so that there is differential attenuation of at least some intensities of said wavelengths, said wavelength dependent differential attenuation being a function of said blood containing tissue and the unknown value of at least one of pH, [HCO 3 - ], and PCO 2 in said blood containing tissue; c. measuring said intensities of said wavelengths emerging from said blood containing tissue to obtain a set of at least three spectral intensities v. wavelengths; and d. estimating said value of said at least one of pH, [HCO 3 - ], and PCO 2 , from said intensities emerging from said blood containing tissue, said value being within the physiological ranges observed in blood containing tissue.
Claim 46
Dependent Claim
35 words
The method as set forth in claim 34, wherein said method is used to determine pH, and further including the step of generating light at three more different wavelengths in the range of 500-1000 nm.
Claim 47
Dependent Claim
35 words
The method as set forth in claim 34, wherein said method is used to determine pH, and further including the step of generating light at three more different wavelengths in the range of 1000-2500 nm.
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