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Patent US5563953A successfully refreshed from Google Patents.
US5563953A
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US
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Apparatus and method for evaluating audio distorting
Assignee: WiniaDaewoo Co Ltd
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Filing: 1994-08-25
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Granted: 1996-10-08
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Expires: 2014-08-25
Abstract
Abstract An improved apparatus and method utilizes both frequency and time masking effects to evaluate an audio distortions so that the results obtained thereby have a best match with actual human auditory perception. A power density spectrum is first estimated for an input digital audio signal and a frequency masking threshold is determined based on the power density spectrum for the input digital audio signal. In the meantime, a power density spectrum is estimated for a difference signal, wherein the difference signal represents the difference between the input digital audio signal and an output digital signal. A perceptual spectrum distance is then determined based on the power density spectrum of the difference signal and the frequency masking threshold. Finally, the audio distortion between the input digital audio signal and the output digital audio signal is estimated by multiplying the estimated perceptual spectrum distance with a weight factor calculated by using the power density spectrums of a current frame and its at least one previous frame of the input digital audio signal.
Inventors
- 👤 Soon-Keon Kwon
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-09 21:29
CPC Classifications
G; G11; G11B; G11B20/00; G11B20/22; H; H04; H04R; H04R29/00; H04R29/001
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 16
Claim 1
Independent Claim
220 words
An apparatus for use in an audio system for evaluating an audio distortion, on a frame-by-frame basis, arising between an input digital audio signal to the audio system and an output digital audio signal from the audio system wherein said input and output digital audio signals include a plurality of frames, respectively, which comprises: first estimation means for estimating a power density spectrum for a current frame of the input digital audio signal; means for determining a frequency masking threshold based on the power density spectrum for the current frame of the input digital audio signal; second estimation means for estimating a power density spectrum of a difference signal representing the difference between the current frame of the input digital audio signal and its corresponding frame of the output digital audio signal; third estimation means for estimating a perceptual spectrum distance based on the power density spectrum of the difference signal and the frequency masking threshold; and fourth estimation means for estimating the audio distortion between the current frame of the input digital audio signal and its corresponding frame of the output digital audio signal by multiplying the estimated perceptual spectrum distance with a weight factor calculated by using the power density spectrums of the current frame and its at least one previous frame of the input digital audio signal.
Claim 2
Independent Claim
220 words
An apparatus for use in an audio system for evaluating an audio distortion, on a frame-by-frame basis, arising between an input digital audio signal to the audio system and an output digital audio signal from the audio system wherein said input and output digital audio signals include a plurality of frames, respectively, which comprises: first estimation means for estimating a power density spectrum for a current frame of the input digital audio signal; means for determining a frequency masking threshold based on the power density spectrum for the current frame of the input digital audio signal; second estimation means for estimating a power density spectrum of a difference signal representing the difference between the current frame of the input digital audio signal and its corresponding frame of the output digital audio signal; third estimation means for estimating a perceptual spectrum distance based on the power density spectrum of the difference signal and the frequency masking threshold; and fourth estimation means for estimating the audio distortion between the current frame of the input digital audio signal and its corresponding frame of the output digital audio signal by multiplying the estimated perceptual spectrum distance with a weight factor calculated by using the power density spectrums of the current frame and its at least one previous frame of the input digital audio signal.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
57 words
The apparatus as recited in claim 1, wherein each of the frames has N audio samples and the perceptual spectrum distance (PSD) is calculated as: ##EQU6## wherein k=0, 1, . . . , (N/2)-1 with N being a positive integer, E(k) is the power density spectrum of the difference signal, and M(k) is the frequency masking threshold.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
28 words
The apparatus as recited in claim 2, wherein the first and the second estimation means include means for windowing the input digital audio signal and the difference signal.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
54 words
The apparatus as recited in claim 3, wherein the power density spectrum for the current frame of the input digital audio signal, X(k), is determined as: ##EQU7## wherein w(n)=x(n)·h(n), h(n) is a hanning window for the windowing means, ω is 2πkn/N, k=0,1,2, . . . , (N/2)-1 and n=0,1,2, . . . , N-1.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
20 words
The apparatus as recited in claim 4, wherein the hanning window for the windowing means, h(n), is represented as: ##EQU8##
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
91 words
The apparatus as recited in claim 5, wherein the fourth estimation means includes: weight factor calculation means for calculating the weight factor based on a maximum power density level of each of the power density spectrums of the current frame and its at least one previous frame of the input digital audio signal; delay means for delaying the weight factor for a predetermined time period to thereby generate a delayed weight factor synchronized with the perceptual spectrum distance; and means for multiplying the perceptual spectrum distance with the delayed weight factor.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
69 words
The apparatus as recited in claim 6, wherein the weight factor for the current frame, W(i), is determined as: ##EQU9## wherein i is an index denoting the current frame; (i-1), an index denoting the previous frame; MP(i), the maximum power density level of the current frame of the input digital audio signal; and MP(i-1), the maximum power density level of the previous frame of the input digital audio signal.
Claim 9
Independent Claim
204 words
A method for use in an audio system for evaluating an audio distortion, on a frame-by-frame basis, arising between an input digital audio signal to the audio system and an output digital audio signal from the audio system wherein said input and output digital audio signals include a plurality of frames, respectively, comprising the steps of: estimating a power density spectrum for a current frame of the input digital audio signal; determining a frequency masking threshold based on the power density spectrum for the current frame of the input digital audio signal; estimating a power density spectrum of a difference signal representing the difference between the current frame of the input digital audio signal and its corresponding frame of the output digital audio signal; estimating a perceptual spectrum distance based on the power density spectrum of the difference signal and the frequency masking threshold; and estimating the audio distortion between the current frame of the input digital audio signal and its corresponding frame of the output digital audio signal by multiplying the estimated perceptual spectrum distance with a weight factor calculated by using the power density spectrums of the current frame and its at least one previous frame of the input digital audio signal.
Claim 10
Independent Claim
204 words
A method for use in an audio system for evaluating an audio distortion, on a frame-by-frame basis, arising between an input digital audio signal to the audio system and an output digital audio signal from the audio system wherein said input and output digital audio signals include a plurality of frames, respectively, comprising the steps of: estimating a power density spectrum for a current frame of the input digital audio signal; determining a frequency masking threshold based on the power density spectrum for the current frame of the input digital audio signal; estimating a power density spectrum of a difference signal representing the difference between the current frame of the input digital audio signal and its corresponding frame of the output digital audio signal; estimating a perceptual spectrum distance based on the power density spectrum of the difference signal and the frequency masking threshold; and estimating the audio distortion between the current frame of the input digital audio signal and its corresponding frame of the output digital audio signal by multiplying the estimated perceptual spectrum distance with a weight factor calculated by using the power density spectrums of the current frame and its at least one previous frame of the input digital audio signal.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
57 words
The method as recited in claim 8, wherein each of the frames has N audio samples and the perceptual spectrum distance (PSD) is calculated as: ##EQU10## wherein k=0, 1, . . . , (N/2)-1 with N being a positive integer, E(k) is the power density spectrum of the difference signal, and M(k) is the frequency masking threshold.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
42 words
The method as recited in claim 9, wherein both of the steps of estimating the power density spectrums of the input digital audio signal and the difference signal include steps for windowing the input digital audio signal and the difference signal, respectively.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
50 words
The method as recited in claim 10, wherein the power density spectrum for the current frame of the input digital audio signal, X(k), is determined as: ##EQU11## wherein w(n)=x(n)·h(n), h(n) is a banning window, ω is 2πkn/N, k=0,1,2, . . . , (N/2)-1 and n=0,1,2, . . . , N-1.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
16 words
The method as recited in claim 10, wherein the hanning window, h(n), is represented as: ##EQU12##
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
91 words
The method as recited in claim 12, wherein the step of estimating the audio distortion of the current frame includes the steps of: calculating the weight factor based on a maximum power density level of each of the power density spectrums of the current frame and its at least one previous frame of the input digital audio signal; delaying the weight factor for a predetermined time period to thereby generate a delayed weight factor synchronized with the perceptual spectrum distance; and multiplying the perceptual spectrum distance with the delayed weight factor.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
69 words
The method as recited in claim 13, wherein the weight factor for the current frame, W(i), is determined as: ##EQU13## wherein i is an index denoting the current frame; (i-1), an index of the previous frame; MP(i), the maximum power density level of the current frame of the input digital audio signal; and MP(i-1), the maximum power density level of the previous frame of the input digital audio signal.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1999-10-08 | 2000-04-08 | 2000-10-08 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 2003-10-08 | 2004-04-08 | 2004-10-08 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2007-10-08 | 2008-04-08 | 2008-10-08 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |