Patent US5544328A successfully refreshed from Google Patents.
US5544328A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Coded modulation with unequal error protection
Assignee: Nokia Bell Labs
•
Filing: 1991-10-31
•
Granted: 1996-08-06
•
Expires: 2011-10-31
Abstract
Abstract Digital signals, such as digitized television signals, are subjected to a source coding step followed by a channel mapping step. The source coding step causes the signal to be represented by first and second data streams. The first stream carries data regarded as more important and the second carries data regarded as less important. In the channel mapping step, the mapping is such that the data elements of the various data streams have differing probabilities of being erroneously detected at the receiver. The channel mapping step includes at least one multi-level coding step. The signal constellations used in the channel mapping step are partitioned into supersymbols, in which the distance between the symbols comprising at least ones of the supersymbols is less than a parameter referred to as the maximum intra-subset distance (MID). Additionally, in some constellations, the minimum distance between at least ones of the symbols of at least one of the supersymbols is greater than the minimum distance between the symbols of the constellation as a whole while, again, still being less than the MID. The first data stream is used to identify a sequence of supersymbols, while the second data stream is used to select particular symbols from the identified supersymbols.
Inventors
- 👤 Nambirajan Seshadri
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-28 22:45
CPC Classifications
H; H04; H04L; H04L27/00; H04L27/32; H04L27/34; H04L27/3405; H04L27/3416; H04L27/3488
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 20
Claim 1
Independent Claim
163 words
Apparatus for communicating information comprising means for generating a digital signal representing the information, the digital signal being comprised of at least first and second streams of data elements, means for channel mapping the digital signal in such a way that the probability of channel-induced error for the data elements of the first data stream is less than the probability of channel-induced error for the data elements of the second data stream, said channel mapping means including means for multi-level coding at least one of said streams, and means for transmitting the channel mapped signal over a communication channel; wherein said at least one of said streams includes at least two substreams, and wherein said multi-level coding means includes means for redundancy coding at least one of said substreams and for combining all of the redundancy coded substreams of said one stream and any of its substreams that are not redundancy coded to form a coded signal for use in the channel mapping.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
163 words
Apparatus for communicating information comprising means for generating a digital signal representing the information, the digital signal being comprised of at least first and second streams of data elements, means for channel mapping the digital signal in such a way that the probability of channel-induced error for the data elements of the first data stream is less than the probability of channel-induced error for the data elements of the second data stream, said channel mapping means including means for multi-level coding at least one of said streams, and means for transmitting the channel mapped signal over a communication channel; wherein said at least one of said streams includes at least two substreams, and wherein said multi-level coding means includes means for redundancy coding at least one of said substreams and for combining all of the redundancy coded substreams of said one stream and any of its substreams that are not redundancy coded to form a coded signal for use in the channel mapping.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
40 words
The invention of claim 1 wherein said information is television signal information and wherein first stream of data represents television signal information that is more important than the television signal information represented by the data elements of said second stream.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
53 words
The invention of claim 1 wherein the channel mapping means selects a sequence of symbols from a predefined constellation to represent the data elements, the constellation being comprised of supersymbols, the minimum distance between the symbols within at least one of the supersymbols being less than the maximum intra-subset distance for said constellation.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
34 words
The invention of claim 3 wherein the minimum distance between the symbols of said at least one of the supersymbols is greater than the minimum distance between symbols of the constellation as a whole.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
187 words
Apparatus for communicating information comprising means for generating a digital signal representing the information, the digital signal being comprised of at least first and second streams of data elements, the data elements of said first stream representing information that is more important than the information represented by the data elements of said second stream, means for channel mapping the digital signal in such a way that the probability of channel-induced error for the data elements of the first data stream is less than the probability of channel-induced error for the data elements of the second data stream, and means for transmitting the mapped signal over a communication channel, said channel mapping means including means for multi-level coding said first stream, and means for identifying a sequence of supersymbols from a predefined constellation in response to the multi-level-coded first stream and for selecting an individual symbol from each of the supersymbols of the sequence in response to said second stream, the supersymbols being such that the minimum distance between the symbols within at least one of the supersymbols is less than the maximum intra-subset distance for said constellation.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
187 words
Apparatus for communicating information comprising means for generating a digital signal representing the information, the digital signal being comprised of at least first and second streams of data elements, the data elements of said first stream representing information that is more important than the information represented by the data elements of said second stream, means for channel mapping the digital signal in such a way that the probability of channel-induced error for the data elements of the first data stream is less than the probability of channel-induced error for the data elements of the second data stream, and means for transmitting the mapped signal over a communication channel, said channel mapping means including means for multi-level coding said first stream, and means for identifying a sequence of supersymbols from a predefined constellation in response to the multi-level-coded first stream and for selecting an individual symbol from each of the supersymbols of the sequence in response to said second stream, the supersymbols being such that the minimum distance between the symbols within at least one of the supersymbols is less than the maximum intra-subset distance for said constellation.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
206 words
Apparatus for communicating information comprising means for generating a digital signal representing the information, the digital signal being comprised of at least first and second streams of data elements, the data elements of said first stream representing information that is more important than the information represented by the data elements of said second stream, means for channel mapping the digital signal in such a way that the probability of channel-induced error for the data elements of the first data stream is less than the probability of channel-induced error for the data elements of the second data stream, and means for transmitting the mapped signal over a communication channel, the channel mapping means comprising means for redundancy coding said first stream, means for redundancy coding said second stream, and means for identifying a sequence of supersymbols from a predefined constellation in response to the redundancy-coded first stream and for selecting an individual symbol from each of the supersymbols of the sequence in response to the redundancy-coded second stream, the supersymbols being such that the minimum distance between the symbols within at least one of the supersymbols is less than the maximum intra-subset distance for said constellation, at least one of said redundancy coded streams being multi-level coded.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
206 words
Apparatus for communicating information comprising means for generating a digital signal representing the information, the digital signal being comprised of at least first and second streams of data elements, the data elements of said first stream representing information that is more important than the information represented by the data elements of said second stream, means for channel mapping the digital signal in such a way that the probability of channel-induced error for the data elements of the first data stream is less than the probability of channel-induced error for the data elements of the second data stream, and means for transmitting the mapped signal over a communication channel, the channel mapping means comprising means for redundancy coding said first stream, means for redundancy coding said second stream, and means for identifying a sequence of supersymbols from a predefined constellation in response to the redundancy-coded first stream and for selecting an individual symbol from each of the supersymbols of the sequence in response to the redundancy-coded second stream, the supersymbols being such that the minimum distance between the symbols within at least one of the supersymbols is less than the maximum intra-subset distance for said constellation, at least one of said redundancy coded streams being multi-level coded.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
162 words
Apparatus for use in a receiver which receives an intelligence-bearing signal transmitted to said receiver, said signal being of the type generated by a) generating a digital signal representing the intelligence, the digital signal being comprised of at least first and second streams of data elements wherein at least one of said streams includes at least two substreams, and b) channel mapping the digital signal, the channel mapping including multi-level coding of at least said stream which include said at least two substreams so that at least one of said substreams is redundancy coded and said channel mapping being such that the probability of channel-induced error for the data elements of the first data stream is less than the probability of channel-induced error for the data elements of the second data stream, said apparatus comprising means for receiving the transmitted signal, and means for channel decoding the received signal, the channel decoding including means for multi-level decoding said at least one stream.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
162 words
Apparatus for use in a receiver which receives an intelligence-bearing signal transmitted to said receiver, said signal being of the type generated by a) generating a digital signal representing the intelligence, the digital signal being comprised of at least first and second streams of data elements wherein at least one of said streams includes at least two substreams, and b) channel mapping the digital signal, the channel mapping including multi-level coding of at least said stream which include said at least two substreams so that at least one of said substreams is redundancy coded and said channel mapping being such that the probability of channel-induced error for the data elements of the first data stream is less than the probability of channel-induced error for the data elements of the second data stream, said apparatus comprising means for receiving the transmitted signal, and means for channel decoding the received signal, the channel decoding including means for multi-level decoding said at least one stream.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
35 words
The invention of claim 7 wherein said intelligence is television signal intelligence and said apparatus further includes means for recovering said intelligence from the channel decoded signal and for presenting it to a television viewer.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
84 words
The invention of claim 7 wherein the intelligence-bearing signal is further of the type in which the channel mapping selects a sequence of symbols from a predefined constellation to represent the data elements, the constellation being comprised of supersymbols, the minimum distance between the symbols within at least one of the supersymbols being less than the maximum intra-subset distance for said constellation, and wherein said channel decoding means carries out said channel decoding in response to information about said constellation stored in said receiver.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
113 words
The invention of claim 9 wherein the information-bearing signal is further of the type in which the channel mapping selects a sequence of symbols from a predefined constellation to represent the data elements, the constellation being comprised of supersymbols, the minimum distance between the symbols within at least one of the supersymbols being less than the maximum intra-subset distance for said constellation, and the minimum distance between the symbols of said at least one of the supersymbols is greater than the minimum distance between symbols of the constellation as a whole, and wherein said channel decoding means carries out said channel decoding in response to information about said constellation stored in said receiver.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
157 words
A communication system comprising means for generating a digital signal representing information, the digital signal being comprised of at least first and second streams of data elements wherein at least one of said streams includes at least two substreams, means for channel mapping the digital signal, the channel mapping including multi-level coding of at least said stream which includes said at least two substreams so that said at least one of said substreams is redundancy coded and said channel mapping being such that the probability of channel-induced error for the data elements of the first data stream is less than the probability of channel-induced error for the data elements of the second data stream, means for transmitting the mapped signal over a communication channel to a receiver, means for receiving the transmitted signal at the receiver, and means for channel decoding the received signal, the channel decoding including means for multi-level decoding said at least one stream.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
157 words
A communication system comprising means for generating a digital signal representing information, the digital signal being comprised of at least first and second streams of data elements wherein at least one of said streams includes at least two substreams, means for channel mapping the digital signal, the channel mapping including multi-level coding of at least said stream which includes said at least two substreams so that said at least one of said substreams is redundancy coded and said channel mapping being such that the probability of channel-induced error for the data elements of the first data stream is less than the probability of channel-induced error for the data elements of the second data stream, means for transmitting the mapped signal over a communication channel to a receiver, means for receiving the transmitted signal at the receiver, and means for channel decoding the received signal, the channel decoding including means for multi-level decoding said at least one stream.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
35 words
The invention of claim 11 wherein said information is television signal information and the system further includes means for recovering said intelligence from the channel decoded signal and for presenting it to a television viewer.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
65 words
The invention of claim 11 wherein said multi-level coding divides said at least one of said streams into at least two substreams, redundancy codes at least one of said substreams, and combines all of the redundancy coded substreams of said one stream and any of its substreams that are not redundancy coded to form a coded signal for use in carrying out the channel mapping.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
53 words
The invention of claim 13 wherein the channel mapping means selects a sequence of symbols from a predefined constellation to represent the data elements, the constellation being comprised of supersymbols, the minimum distance between the symbols within at least one of the supersymbols being less than the maximum intra-subset distance for said constellation.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
34 words
The invention of claim 14 wherein the minimum distance between the symbol of said at least one of the supersymbols is greater than the minimum distance between symbols of the constellation as a whole.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
US4520490A
Cited
US4651320A
Cited
US5029185A
Cited
US5105443A
Cited
US5105442A
Cited
US5134464A
Cited
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1999-08-06 | 2000-02-05 | 2000-08-06 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 2003-08-06 | 2004-02-05 | 2004-08-06 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2007-08-06 | 2008-02-05 | 2008-08-06 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |