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US5544277A
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Speech coding apparatus and method for generating acoustic feature vector component values by combining values of the same features for multiple time intervals
Assignee: International Business Machines Corp
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Filing: 1993-07-28
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Granted: 1996-08-06
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Expires: 2013-07-28
Abstract
Abstract A speech coding apparatus and method measures the values of at least first and second different features of an utterance during each of a series of successive time intervals. For each time interval, a feature vector signal has a first component value equal to a first weighted combination of the values of only one feature of the utterance for at least two time intervals. The feature vector signal has a second component value equal to a second weighted combination, different from the first weighted combination, of the values of only one feature of the utterance for at least two time intervals. The resulting feature vector signals for a series of successive time intervals form a coded representation of the utterance. In one embodiment, a first weighted mixture signal has a value equal to a first weighted mixture of the values of the features of the utterance during a single time interval. A second weighted mixture signal has a value equal to a second weighted mixture, different from the first weighted mixture, of the values of the features of the utterance during a single time interval. The first component value of each feature vector signal is equal to a first weighted combination of the values of only the first weighted mixture signals for at least two time intervals, and the second component value of each feature vector signal is equal to a second weighted combination, different from the first weighted combination, of the values of only the second weighted mixture for at least two time intervals.
Inventors
- 👤 Raimo Bakis
- 👤 Ponani S. Gopalakrishnan
- 👤 Dimitri Kanevsky
- 👤 Arthur J. Nadas
- 👤 David Nahamoo
- 👤 Michael A. Picheny
- 👤 Jan Sedivy
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-31 06:12
CPC Classifications
G; G10; G10L; G10L15/00; G10L15/02; G10L15/20
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 25
Claim 1
Independent Claim
121 words
A speech coding apparatus comprising: means for measuring the values of at least first and second different features of an utterance during each of a series of successive time intervals; and means for generating a feature vector signal for each time interval, each feature vector signal having a first component value equal to a first weighted combination of the values of only one feature of the utterance for at least two time intervals, each feature vector signal having a second component value equal to a second weighted combination, different from the first weighted combination, of the values of only one feature of the utterance for at least two time intervals, said feature vector signals forming a coded representation of the utterance.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
121 words
A speech coding apparatus comprising: means for measuring the values of at least first and second different features of an utterance during each of a series of successive time intervals; and means for generating a feature vector signal for each time interval, each feature vector signal having a first component value equal to a first weighted combination of the values of only one feature of the utterance for at least two time intervals, each feature vector signal having a second component value equal to a second weighted combination, different from the first weighted combination, of the values of only one feature of the utterance for at least two time intervals, said feature vector signals forming a coded representation of the utterance.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
27 words
A speech coding apparatus as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the first weighted combination is for the same time intervals as the second weighted combination.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
53 words
A speech coding apparatus as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that each component value of a feature vector signal for a selected time interval is equal to a weighted combination of the values of only one feature of the utterance for the selected time interval and at least one other time interval.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
57 words
A speech coding apparatus as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that each component value of a feature vector signal for a selected time interval is equal to a weighted combination of the values of only one feature of the utterance for the selected time interval, four immediately preceding time intervals and four immediately following time intervals.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
75 words
A speech coding apparatus as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: the first component value is equal to the first weighted combination of the values of only the first feature of the utterance for at least two time intervals; and the second component value is equal to the second weighted combination, different from the first weighted combination, of the values of only the first feature of the utterance for at least two time intervals.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
80 words
A speech coding apparatus as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: the first component value is equal to the first weighted combination of the values of only the first feature of the utterance for at least two time intervals; and the second component value is equal to the second weighted combination, different from the first weighted combination, of the values of only the second feature of the utterance, different from the first feature, for at least two time intervals.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
165 words
A speech coding apparatus as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: the feature vector signal generating means further comprises means for generating first and second weighted mixture signals for each time interval, said first weighted mixture signal having a value equal to a first weighted mixture of the values of the features of the utterance during a single time interval, said second weighted mixture signal having a value equal to a second weighted mixture, different from the first weighted mixture, of the values of the features of the utterance during a single time interval; the first component value of each feature vector signal is equal to a first weighted combination of the values of only the first weighted mixture signals for at least two time intervals; and the second component value of each feature vector signal is equal to a second weighted combination, different from the first weighted combination, of the values of only the second weighted mixture for at least two time intervals.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
28 words
A speech coding apparatus as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that the first weighted mixture is for the same single time interval as the second weighted mixture.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
29 words
A speech coding apparatus as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that: each weighted combination is a linear weighted combination; and each weighted mixture is a linear weighted mixture.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
110 words
A speech coding apparatus as claimed in claim 2, further comprising: means for storing a plurality of prototype vector signals, each prototype vector signal having at least two parameter values and having a unique identification value; means for comparing the closeness of the component values of a selected feature vector signal to the parameter values of the prototype vector signals to obtain prototype match scores for the selected feature vector signal and each prototype vector signal; and means for outputting at least the identification value of at least the prototype vector signal having the best prototype match score as a coded utterance representation signal of the selected feature vector signal.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
18 words
A speech coding apparatus as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that the measuring means comprises a microphone.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
41 words
A speech coding apparatus as claimed in claim 11, characterized in that the measuring means comprises a spectrum analyzer for measuring the amplitudes of the utterance in two or more frequency bands during each of a series of successive time intervals.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
120 words
A speech coding method comprising the steps of: measuring the values of at least first and second different features of an utterance during each of a series of successive time intervals; and generating a feature vector signal for each time interval, each feature vector signal having a first component value equal to a first weighted combination of the values of only one feature of the utterance for at least two time intervals, each feature vector signal having a second component value equal to a second weighted combination, different from the first weighted combination, of the values of only one feature of the utterance for at least two time intervals, said feature vector signals forming a coded representation of the utterance.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
120 words
A speech coding method comprising the steps of: measuring the values of at least first and second different features of an utterance during each of a series of successive time intervals; and generating a feature vector signal for each time interval, each feature vector signal having a first component value equal to a first weighted combination of the values of only one feature of the utterance for at least two time intervals, each feature vector signal having a second component value equal to a second weighted combination, different from the first weighted combination, of the values of only one feature of the utterance for at least two time intervals, said feature vector signals forming a coded representation of the utterance.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
27 words
A speech coding method as claimed in claim 13, characterized in that the first weighted combination is for the same time intervals as the second weighted combination.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
53 words
A speech coding method as claimed in claim 14, characterized in that each component value of a feature vector signal for a selected time interval is equal to a weighted combination of the values of only one feature of the utterance for the selected time interval and at least one other time interval.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
57 words
A speech coding method as claimed in claim 15, characterized in that each component value of a feature vector signal for a selected time interval is equal to a weighted combination of the values of only one feature of the utterance for the selected time interval, four immediately preceding time intervals and four immediately following time intervals.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
75 words
A speech coding method as claimed in claim 14, characterized in that: the first component value is equal to the first weighted combination of the values of only the first feature of the utterance for at least two time intervals; and the second component value is equal to the second weighted combination, different from the first weighted combination, of the values of only the first feature of the utterance for at least two time intervals.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
80 words
A speech coding method as claimed in claim 14, characterized in that: the first component value is equal to the first weighted combination of the values of only the first feature of the utterance for at least two time intervals; and the second component value is equal to the second weighted combination, different from the first weighted combination, of the values of only the second feature of the utterance, different from the first feature, for at least two time intervals.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
168 words
A speech coding method as claimed in claim 14, characterized in that: the step of generating a feature vector signal further comprises the step of generating first and second weighted mixture signals for each time interval, said first weighted mixture signal having a value equal to a first weighted mixture of the values of the features of the utterance during a single time interval, said second weighted mixture signal having a value equal to a second weighted mixture, different from the first weighted mixture, of the values of the features of the utterance during a single time interval; the first component value of each feature vector signal is equal to a first weighted combination of the values of only the first weighted mixture signals for at least two time intervals; and the second component value of each feature vector signal is equal to a second weighted combination, different from the first weighted combination, of the values of only the second weighted mixture for at least two time intervals.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
28 words
A speech coding method as claimed in claim 19, characterized in that the first weighted mixture is for the same single time interval as the second weighted mixture.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
29 words
A speech coding method as claimed in claim 20, characterized in that: each weighted combination is a linear weighted combination; and each weighted mixture is a linear weighted mixture.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
107 words
A speech coding method as claimed in claim 14, further comprising the steps of: storing a plurality of prototype vector signals, each prototype vector signal having at least two parameter values and having a unique identification value; comparing the closeness of the component values of a selected feature vector signal to the parameter values of the prototype vector signals to obtain prototype match scores for the selected feature vector signal and each prototype vector signal; and outputting at least the identification value of at least the prototype vector signal having the best prototype match score as a coded utterance representation signal of the selected feature vector signal.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
38 words
A speech coding method as claimed in claim 14, characterized in that the step of measuring comprises measuring the amplitudes of the utterance in two or more frequency bands during each of a series of successive time intervals.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1999-08-06 | 2000-02-05 | 2000-08-06 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 2003-08-06 | 2004-02-05 | 2004-08-06 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2007-08-06 | 2008-02-05 | 2008-08-06 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |