US5529873A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Toner for developing electrostatic images and process for producing toner
Assignee: Canon Inc
•
Filing: 1994-04-18
•
Granted: 1996-06-25
•
Expires: 2014-04-18
Abstract
Abstract A toner for developing electrostatic images which comprises a toner particle produced by polymerizing a polymerizable monomer composition, wherein the toner particle contains 0.1-9.0% by weight of a modified polyester resin having one or more monomer units selected from a group consisting of styrene type monomer, acrylic monomer, and methacrylic monomer 16-50% by weight of a wax having a melting point of 50°-95° C., and 0.01-5.0% by weight of a charge controlling agent; the resin component of the toner particle has a weight average molecular weight of 5,000-45,000; and the toner particle has water absorption of 300-5,000 ppm.
Inventors
- 👤 Tatsuhiko Chiba
- 👤 Takashige Kasuya
- 👤 Tatsuya Nakamura
- 👤 Makoto Kanbayashi
- 👤 Kazuyuki Miyano
- 👤 Koji Inaba
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-02 03:38
CPC Classifications
G; G03; G03G; G03G9/00; G03G9/08; G03G9/0802; G03G9/0804; G03G9/0806; G03G9/0821; G03G9/087; G03G9/08702; G03G9/08706; G03G9/08726; G03G9/08728; G03G9/08742; G03G9/08755; G03G9/08775; G03G9/08782
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 99
Claim 1
Independent Claim
126 words
A toner for developing electrostatic images comprising a toner particle produced by polymerizing in an aqueous medium a polymerizable monomer composition which contains at least a polymerizable monomer, a modified polyester resin having one or more monomer units selected from the group consisting of styrenic monomer, acrylic monomer and methacrylic monomer; a wax having a melting point of 50°-95° C.; and a charge controlling agent, wherein the toner particle contains a polymer produced by polymerization of the polymerizable monomer, 0.1-9.0% by weight of the modified polyester resin, 16-50% by weight of the wax and 0.01-5.0% by weight of the charge controlling agent; the resin component of the toner particle has a weight average molecular weight of 5,000-45,000; and toner particle has water absorption of 300-5,000 ppm.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
126 words
A toner for developing electrostatic images comprising a toner particle produced by polymerizing in an aqueous medium a polymerizable monomer composition which contains at least a polymerizable monomer, a modified polyester resin having one or more monomer units selected from the group consisting of styrenic monomer, acrylic monomer and methacrylic monomer; a wax having a melting point of 50°-95° C.; and a charge controlling agent, wherein the toner particle contains a polymer produced by polymerization of the polymerizable monomer, 0.1-9.0% by weight of the modified polyester resin, 16-50% by weight of the wax and 0.01-5.0% by weight of the charge controlling agent; the resin component of the toner particle has a weight average molecular weight of 5,000-45,000; and toner particle has water absorption of 300-5,000 ppm.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
34 words
The toner according to claim 1, wherein the toner particle contains 1.0-8.0% by weight of the modified polyester resin, 16-40% by weight of the wax, and 0.01-3.0% by weight of the charge controlling agent.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
22 words
The toner according to claim 1, wherein the resin component of the toner particle has a weight average molecular weight of 12,000-45,000.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
16 words
The toner according to claim 1, wherein the wax has a melting point of 55°-80° C.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
37 words
The toner according to claim 1, wherein the wax is selected from a group consisting of paraffin wax, polyolefin wax, Fischer-Tropsch wax, amide wax, higher fatty acid wax, ester wax, graft compounds thereof and block compounds thereof.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
13 words
The toner according to claim 1, wherein the wax comprises a polyalkylene wax.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
16 words
The toner according to claim 1, wherein the wax has SP value of 10 or less.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
16 words
The toner according to claim 1, wherein the toner particle has water absorption of 320-2,000 ppm.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
103 words
The toner according to claim 1, wherein the toner particle and the charge controlling agent satisfy the following equation 2≦x.sub.1 /x≦100 wherein, x is the input ratio (wt %) of the charge controlling agent in the production (a weight ratio of the input amount of the charge controlling agent to the amount of the polymerizable monomer in the polymerizable monomer composition), x 1 is the content of the charge controlling agent present in the outermost surface layer of the toner particle (the ratio (wt %) of the charge controlling agent to the binding resin in the outermost surface layer of the toner particle).
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
103 words
The toner according to claim 1, wherein the toner particle and the charge controlling agent satisfy the following equation 5≦x.sub.1 /x≦50 wherein, x is the input ratio (wt %) of the charge controlling agent in the production (a weight ratio of the input amount of the charge controlling agent to the amount of the polymerizable monomer in the polymerizable monomer composition), x 1 is the content of the charge controlling agent present in the outermost surface layer of the toner particle (the ratio (wt %) of the charge controlling agent to the binding resin in the outermost surface layer of the toner particle).
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
24 words
The toner according to claim 1, wherein the toner particle contains a polymerizable monomer remaining in the toner particle at 1000 ppm or less.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
24 words
The toner according to claim 1, wherein the toner particle contains a polymerizable monomer remaining in the toner particle at 500 ppm or less.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
28 words
The toner according to claim 1, wherein the polymerizable monomer comprises one or more monomers selected from a group consisting of styrenic monomer, acrylic monomer and methacrylic monomer.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
86 words
The toner according to claim 1, wherein the polymerizable monomer comprises one or more monomers selected from a group consisting of styrene, o-methyl styrene, m-methyl styrene, p-methyl styrene, p-methoxy styrene, p-ethyl styrene, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, isobutyl acrylate, n-propyl acrylate, n-octyl acrylate, dodecyl acrylate, 2-ethyl hexyl acrylate, stearyl acrylate, 2-chloroethyl acrylate, phenyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, n-propyl methacrylate, n-butyl methacrylate, isobutyl methacrylate, n-octyl methacrylate, dodecyl methacrylate, 2-ethyl hexyl methacrylate, stearyl methacrylate, phenyl methacrylate, dimethyl aminoethyl methacrylate, diethyl aminoethyl methacrylate, acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile and acrylamide.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
30 words
The toner according to claim 1, wherein the polymerizable monomer comprises styrenic monomer; a mixture of styrenic monomers or a mixture of styrenic monomer and monomer other than styrenic monomer.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
18 words
The toner according to claim 1, wherein the modified polyester resin has modification rate of 0.05-40% by weight.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
18 words
The toner according to claim 1, wherein the modified polyester resin has modification rate of 0.1-20% by weight.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
89 words
The toner according to claim 1, wherein the modified polyester resin has one or more monomer units selected from a group consisting of styrene, o-methyl styrene, m-methyl styrene, p-methyl styrene, p-methoxy styrene, p-ethyl styrene, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, isobutyl acrylate, n-propyl acrylate, n-octyl acrylate, dodecyl acrylate, 2-ethyl hexyl acrylate, stearyl acrylate, 2 -chloroethyl acrylate, phenyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, n-propyl methacrylate, n-butyl methacrylate, isobutyl methacrylate, n-octyl methacrylate, dodecyl methacrylate, 2-ethyl hexyl methacrylate, stearyl methacrylate, phenyl methacrylate, dimethyl aminoethyl methacrylate, diethyl aminoethyl methacrylate, acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile and acrylamide.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
64 words
The toner according to claim 1, wherein the modified polyester resin comprises (i) a graft copolymer in which styrenic, acrylic or methacrylic monomer unit is bonded to the main chain of the polyester by radical bonding, or (ii) a block copolymer in which styrenic, acrylic or methacrylic monomer unit is incorporated in the main chain of the polyester by radical bonding or ionic bonding.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
98 words
A process for producing a toner comprising polymerizing in an aqueous medium a polymerizable monomer composition having at least a polymerizable monomer, 0.1-9.0% by weight of a modified polyester resin having one or more monomer units selected from a group consisting of styrenic monomer, acrylic monomer, and methacrylic monomer, 16-50% by weight of a wax having a melting point of 50°-95° C., and 0.01-5.0% by weight of a charge controlling agent; and obtaining a toner particle which has water absorption of 300-5,000 ppm, and a resin component having a weight average molecular weight average molecular weight of 5,000-45,000.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
98 words
A process for producing a toner comprising polymerizing in an aqueous medium a polymerizable monomer composition having at least a polymerizable monomer, 0.1-9.0% by weight of a modified polyester resin having one or more monomer units selected from a group consisting of styrenic monomer, acrylic monomer, and methacrylic monomer, 16-50% by weight of a wax having a melting point of 50°-95° C., and 0.01-5.0% by weight of a charge controlling agent; and obtaining a toner particle which has water absorption of 300-5,000 ppm, and a resin component having a weight average molecular weight average molecular weight of 5,000-45,000.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
39 words
The process according to claim 20, wherein the polymerizable monomer contains at least a polymerizable monomer, 1.0-8.0% by weight of the modified polyester resin, 16-40% by weight of the wax, and 0.01-3.0% by weight of the charge controlling agent.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
22 words
The process according to claim 20, wherein the resin component of the obtained toner particle has weight average molecular weight of 12,000-45,000.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
16 words
The process according to claim 20, wherein the wax has a melting point of 55°-80° C.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
37 words
The process according to claim 20, wherein the wax is selected from a group consisting of paraffin wax, polyolefin wax, Fischer-Tropsch wax, amide wax, higher fatty acid wax, ester wax, graft compounds thereof and block compounds thereof.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
13 words
The process according to claim 20, wherein the wax comprises a polyalkylene wax.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
16 words
The process according to claim 20, wherein the wax has SP value of 10 or less.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
16 words
The process according to claim 20, wherein the toner particle has water absorption of 320-2,000 ppm.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
103 words
The process according to claim 20, wherein the toner particle and the charge controlling agent satisfy the following equation 2≦x.sub.1 /x≦100 wherein, x is the input ratio (wt %) of the charge controlling agent in the production (a weight ratio of the input amount of the charge controlling agent to the amount of the polymerizable monomer in the polymerizable monomer composition), x 1 is the content of the charge controlling agent present in the outermost surface layer of the toner particle (the ratio (wt %) of the charge controlling agent to the binding resin in the outermost surface layer of the toner particle).
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
103 words
The process according to claim 20, wherein the toner particle and the charge controlling agent satisfy the following equation 5≦x.sub.1 /x≦50 wherein, x is the input ratio (wt %) of the charge controlling agent in the production (a weight ratio of the input amount of the charge controlling agent to the amount of the polymerizable monomer in the polymerizable monomer composition), x 1 is the content of the charge controlling agent present in the outermost surface layer of the toner particle (the ratio (wt %) of the charge controlling agent to the binding resin in the outermost surface layer of the toner particle).
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
38 words
The process according to claim 20, wherein the amount of the polymerizable monomer remaining in the toner particle is reduced to 1000 ppm or less by a method to remove a non-reacted polymerizable monomer from the toner particle.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
124 words
The process according to claim 20, wherein a method to remove a non-reacted polymerizable monomer from the toner particle is selected form a group consisting of a process to wash with an organic solvent of high volatility which does not dissolves a toner binding resin but dissolves the polymerizable monomer and/or an organic solvent component; a process to wash with an acid or an alkali; a process to add a foaming agent or a solvent component which does not dissolve the polymer to the polymer system so that the obtained toner is made porous to increase an evaporation area of an inner polymeric monomer and/or an organic solvent component; and a process to evaporate the polymerizable monomer and/or organic solvent component under reduced pressure.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
38 words
The process according to claim 20, wherein the amount of a polymerizable monomer remaining in the toner particle is reduced to 500 ppm or less by a method to remove a non-reacted polymerizable monomer from the toner particle.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
28 words
The process according to claim 20, wherein the polymerizable monomer comprises one or more monomers selected from a group consisting of styrenic monomer, acrylic monomer and methacrylic monomer.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
86 words
The process according to claim 20, wherein the polymerizable monomer comprises one or more monomers selected from a group consisting of styrene, o-methyl styrene, m-methyl styrene, p-methyl styrene, p-methoxy styrene, p-ethyl styrene, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, isobutyl acrylate, n-propyl acrylate, n-octyl acrylate, dodecyl acrylate, 2-ethyl hexyl acrylate, stearyl acrylate, 2-chloroethyl acrylate, phenyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, n-propyl methacrylate, n-butyl methacrylate, isobutyl methacrylate, n-octyl methacrylate, dodecyl methacrylate, 2-ethyl hexyl methacrylate, stearyl methacrylate, phenyl methacrylate, dimethyl aminoethyl methacrylate, diethyl aminoethyl methacrylate, acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile and acrylamide.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
29 words
The process according to claim 20, wherein the polymerizable monomer comprises styrenic monomer; a mixture of styrenic monomers; a mixture of styrenic monomer and monomer other than styrenic monomer.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
18 words
The process according to claim 20, wherein the modified polyester resin has modification rate of 0.05-40% by weight.
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
18 words
The process according to claim 20, wherein the modified polyester resin has modification rate of 0.1-20% by weight.
Claim 40
Dependent Claim
88 words
The process according to claim 20, wherein the modified polyester resin has one or more monomer units selected from a group consisting of styrene, o-methyl styrene, m-methyl styrene, p-methyl styrene, p-methoxy styrene, p-ethyl styrene, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, isobutyl acrylate, n-propyl acrylate, n-octyl acrylate, dodecyl acrylate, 2-ethyl hexyl acrylate, stearyl acrylate, 2-chloroethyl acrylate, phenyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, n-propyl methacrylate, n-butyl methacrylate, isobutyl methacrylate, n-octyl methacrylate, dodecyl methacrylate, 2-ethyl hexyl methacrylate, stearyl methacrylate, phenyl methacrylate, dimethyl aminoethyl methacrylate, diethyl aminoethyl methacrylate, acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile and acrylamide.
Claim 41
Dependent Claim
54 words
The process according to claim 20, wherein the modified polyester resin comprises (i) a graft copolymer in which styrenic, acrylic or methacrylic monomer unit is bonded, or (ii) a block copolymer in which styrenic, acrylic or methacrylic monomer unit is incorporated in the main chain of the polyester by radical bonding or ionic bonding.
Claim 42
Dependent Claim
35 words
The process according to claim 20, wherein the toner particle is obtained by suspension polymerization in which the polymerizable monomer composition is added to and dispersed in an aqueous medium to carry out polymerization reaction.
Claim 43
Dependent Claim
18 words
The toner according to claim 6, wherein the polyalkylene wax comprises paraffin wax, polyolefin wax or Fischer-Tropsch wax.
Claim 44
Dependent Claim
18 words
The process according to claim 25, wherein the polyalkylene wax comprises paraffin wax, polyolefin wax or Fischer-Tropsch wax.
Claim 45
Dependent Claim
112 words
A toner for developing electrostatic images comprising a toner particle produced by polymerizing in an aqueous medium a polymerizable monomer composition which contains at least a polymerizable monomer, a modified polyester resin having one or more monomer units selected from the group consisting of styrenic monomer, acrylic monomer and methacrylic monomer; a wax having a melting point of 50°-95° C.; and a charge controlling agent, wherein the toner particle contains a polymer produced by polymerization of the polymerizable monomer, 0.1-0.9% by weight of the modified polyester resin, 16-50% by weight of the wax and 0.01-5.0% by weight of the charge controlling agent; and the toner particle has water absorption of 300-5,000 ppm.
Claim 46
Dependent Claim
112 words
A toner for developing electrostatic images comprising a toner particle produced by polymerizing in an aqueous medium a polymerizable monomer composition which contains at least a polymerizable monomer, a modified polyester resin having one or more monomer units selected from the group consisting of styrenic monomer, acrylic monomer and methacrylic monomer; a wax having a melting point of 50°-95° C.; and a charge controlling agent, wherein the toner particle contains a polymer produced by polymerization of the polymerizable monomer, 0.1-0.9% by weight of the modified polyester resin, 16-50% by weight of the wax and 0.01-5.0% by weight of the charge controlling agent; and the toner particle has water absorption of 300-5,000 ppm.
Claim 47
Dependent Claim
34 words
The toner according to claim 43, wherein the toner particle contains 1.0-8.0% by weight of the modified polyester resin, 16-40% by weight of the wax, and 0.01-3.0% by weight of the charge controlling agent.
Claim 48
Dependent Claim
24 words
The toner according to claim 43, wherein the resin component of the toner particle has a weight average molecular weight of 5000 or more.
Claim 49
Dependent Claim
16 words
The toner according to claim 43, wherein the wax has a melting point of 55°-80° C.
Claim 50
Dependent Claim
37 words
The toner according to claim 43, wherein the wax is selected from a group consisting of paraffin wax, polyolefin wax, Fischer-Tropsch wax, amide wax, higher fatty acid wax, ester wax, graft compounds thereof and block compounds thereof.
Claim 51
Dependent Claim
13 words
The toner according to claim 43, wherein the wax comprises a polyalkylene wax.
Claim 52
Dependent Claim
17 words
The toner according to claim 48, wherein polyalkylene wax comprises paraffin wax, polyolefin wax or Fischer-Tropsch wax.
Claim 53
Dependent Claim
16 words
The toner according to claim 43, wherein the wax has SP value of 10 or less.
Claim 54
Dependent Claim
16 words
The toner according to claim 43, wherein the toner particle has water absorption from 320-2000 ppm.
Claim 55
Dependent Claim
111 words
The toner according to claim 43, wherein the toner particle and the charge controlling agent satisfy the following equation: 2≦x.sub.1 /x≦100 wherein, x is the input ratio in wt % of the charge controlling agent, which said input ratio is a weight ratio of the input amount of the charge controlling agent to the amount of the polymerizable monomer in the polymerizable monomer composition, x 1 is the content of the charge controlling agent present in the outermost surface layer of the toner particle, which said content is the ratio in wt % of the charge controlling agent to the binding resin in the outermost surface layer of the toner particle.
Claim 56
Dependent Claim
111 words
The toner according to claim 43, wherein the toner particle and the charge controlling agent satisfy the following equation: 5≦x.sub.1 /x≦50 wherein, x is the input ratio in wt % of the charge controlling agent, which said input ratio is a weight ratio of the input amount of the charge controlling agent to the amount of the polymerizable monomer in the polymerizable monomer composition, x 1 is the content of the charge controlling agent present in the outermost surface layer of the toner particle, which said content is the ratio in wt % of the charge controlling agent of the binding resin in the outermost surface layer of the toner particle.
Claim 57
Dependent Claim
24 words
The toner according to claim 43, wherein the toner particle contains a polymerizable monomer remaining in the toner particle at 1000 ppm or less.
Claim 58
Dependent Claim
24 words
The toner according to claim 43, wherein the toner particle contains a polymerizable monomer remaining in the toner particle at 500 ppm or less.
Claim 59
Dependent Claim
28 words
The toner according to claim 43, wherein the polymerizable monomer comprises one or more monomers selected from a group consisting of styrenic monomer, acrylic monomer and methacrylic monomer.
Claim 60
Dependent Claim
86 words
The toner according to claim 43, wherein the polymerizable monomer comprises one or more monomers selected from a group consisting of styrene, o-methyl styrene, m-methyl styrene, p-methyl styrene, p-methoxy styrene, p-ethyl styrene, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, isobutyl acrylate, n-propyl acrylate, n-octyl acrylate, dodecyl acrylate, 2-ethyl hexyl acrylate, stearyl acrylate, 2-chloroethyl acrylate, phenyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, n-propyl methacrylate, n-butyl methacrylate, isobutyl methacrylate, n-octyl methacrylate, dodecyl methacrylate, 2-ethyl hexyl methacrylate, stearyl methacrylate, phenyl methacrylate, dimethyl aminoethyl methacrylate, diethyl aminoethyl methacrylate, acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile and acrylamide.
Claim 61
Dependent Claim
30 words
The toner according to claim 43, wherein the polymerizable monomer comprises styrenic monomer; a mixture of styrenic monomers; or a mixture of styrenic monomer and monomer other than styrenic monomer.
Claim 62
Dependent Claim
18 words
The toner according to claim 43, wherein the modified polyester resin has modification rate of 0.05-40% by weight.
Claim 63
Dependent Claim
18 words
The toner according to claim 43, wherein the modified polyester resin has modification rate of 0.1-20% by weight.
Claim 64
Dependent Claim
76 words
The toner according to claim 43, wherein the modified polyester resin has one or more monomer units selected from a group consisting of styrene, o-methyl styrene, m-methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, isobutyl acrylate, n-propyl acrylate, n-octyl acrylate, dodecyl acrylate, 2-ethyl hexyl acrylate, stearyl acrylate, 2-chloroethyl acrylate, phenyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, n-propyl methacrylate, n-octyl methacrylate, dodecyl methacrylate, 2-ethyl hexyl methacrylate, stearyl methacrylate, phenyl methacrylate, dimethyl aminoethyl methacrylate, diethyl aminoethyl methacrylate, acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile and acrylamide.
Claim 65
Dependent Claim
64 words
The toner according to claim 43, wherein the modified polyester resin comprises (i) a graft copolymer in which styrenic, acrylic or methacrylic monomer unit is bonded to the main chain of the polyester by radical bonding, or (ii) a block copolymer in which styrenic, acrylic or methacrylic monomer unit is incorporated in the main chain of the polyester by radical bonding or ionic bonding.
Claim 66
Dependent Claim
83 words
A process for producing a toner comprising polymerizing in an aqueous medium a polymerizable monomer composition having at least a polymerizable monomer, 0.1-9.0% by weight of a modified polyester resin having one or more monomer units selected from a group consisting of styrenic monomer, acrylic monomer, and methacrylic monomer, 16-50% by weight of a wax having a melting point of 50°-95° C., and 0.01-5.0% by weight of a charge controlling agent; and obtaining a toner particle which has water absorption of 300-5,000 ppm.
Claim 67
Dependent Claim
83 words
A process for producing a toner comprising polymerizing in an aqueous medium a polymerizable monomer composition having at least a polymerizable monomer, 0.1-9.0% by weight of a modified polyester resin having one or more monomer units selected from a group consisting of styrenic monomer, acrylic monomer, and methacrylic monomer, 16-50% by weight of a wax having a melting point of 50°-95° C., and 0.01-5.0% by weight of a charge controlling agent; and obtaining a toner particle which has water absorption of 300-5,000 ppm.
Claim 68
Dependent Claim
39 words
The process according to claim 63, wherein the polymerizable monomer contains at least a polymerizable monomer, 1.0-8.0% by weight of the modified polyester resin, 16-40% by weight of the wax, and 0.01-3.0% by weight of the charge controlling agent.
Claim 69
Dependent Claim
24 words
The process according to claim 63, wherein the resin component of the obtained toner particle has weight average molecular weight of 5000 or more.
Claim 70
Dependent Claim
18 words
The process according to claim 63, wherein the wax has a melting point of 55° to 80° C.
Claim 71
Dependent Claim
37 words
The process according to claim 63, wherein the wax is selected from a group consisting of paraffin wax, polyolefin wax, Fischer-Tropsch wax, amide wax, higher fatty acid wax, ester wax, graft compounds thereof and block compounds thereof.
Claim 72
Dependent Claim
13 words
The process according to claim 63, wherein the wax comprises a polyalkylene wax.
Claim 73
Dependent Claim
18 words
The process according to claim 68, wherein the polyalkylene wax comprises paraffin wax, polyolefin wax or Fischer-Tropsch wax.
Claim 74
Dependent Claim
16 words
The process according to claim 63, wherein the wax has SP value of 10 or less.
Claim 75
Dependent Claim
16 words
The process according to claim 63, wherein the toner particle has water absorption of 320-2,000 ppm.
Claim 76
Dependent Claim
111 words
The process according to claim 63, wherein the toner particle and the charge controlling agent satisfy the following equation: 2≦x.sub.1 /x≦100 wherein, x is the input ratio in wt % of the charge controlling agent, which said input ratio is a weight ratio of the input amount of the charge controlling agent to the amount of the polymerizable monomer in the polymerizable monomer composition, x 1 is the content of the charge controlling agent present in the outermost surface layer of the toner particle, which said content is the ratio in wt % of the charge controlling agent to the binding resin in the outermost surface layer of the toner particle.
Claim 77
Dependent Claim
111 words
The process according to claim 63, wherein the toner particle and the charge controlling agent satisfy the following equation: 5≦x.sub.1 /x≦50 wherein, x is the input ratio in wt % of the charge controlling agent, which said input ratio is a weight ratio of the input amount of the charge controlling agent to the amount of the polymerizable monomer in the polymerizable monomer composition, x 1 is the content of the charge controlling agent present in the outermost surface layer of the toner particle, which said content is the ratio in wt % of the charge controlling agent to the binding resin in the outermost surface layer of the toner particle.
Claim 78
Dependent Claim
38 words
The process according to claim 63, wherein the amount of the polymerizable monomer remaining in the toner particle is reduced to 1000 ppm or less by a method to remove a non-reacted polymerizable monomer from the toner particle.
Claim 79
Dependent Claim
123 words
The process according to claim 63, wherein a method to remove a non-reacted polymerizable monomer from the toner particle is selected from a group consisting of a process to wash with an organic solvent of high volatility which does not dissolves a toner binding resin but dissolves the polymerizable monomer and/or an organic solvent component; a process to wash with an acid or an alkali; a process to add a foaming agent or a solvent component which does not dissolve the polymer to the polymer system so that the obtained toner is made porous to increase an evaporation of an inner polymerizable monomer and/or an organic solvent component; and a process to evaporate the polymerizable monomer and/or organic solvent component under reduced pressure.
Claim 80
Dependent Claim
38 words
The process according to claim 63, wherein the amount of a polymerizable monomer remaining in the toner particle is reduced to 500 ppm or less by a method to remove a non-reacted polymerizable monomer from the toner particle.
Claim 81
Dependent Claim
86 words
The process according to claim 63, wherein the polymerizable monomer comprises one or more monomers selected from a group consisting of styrene, o-methyl styrene, m-methyl styrene, p-methyl styrene, p-methoxy styrene, p-ethyl styrene, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, isobutyl acrylate, n-propyl acrylate, n-octyl acrylate, dodecyl acrylate, 2-ethyl hexyl acrylate, stearyl acrylate, 2-chloroethyl acrylate, phenyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, n-propyl methacrylate, n-butyl methacrylate, isobutyl methacrylate, n-octyl methacrylate, dodecyl methacrylate, 2-ethyl hexyl methacrylate, stearyl methacrylate, phenyl methacrylate, dimethyl aminoethyl methacrylate, diethyl aminoethyl methacrylate, acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile and acrylamide.
Claim 82
Dependent Claim
29 words
The process according to claim 63, wherein the polymerizable monomer comprises styrenic monomer; a mixture of styrenic monomers; a mixture of styrenic monomer and monomer other than styrenic monomer.
Claim 83
Dependent Claim
18 words
The process according to claim 63, wherein the modified polyester resin has modification rate of 0.05-40% by weight.
Claim 84
Dependent Claim
18 words
The process according to claim 63, wherein the modified polyester resin has modification rate of 0.1-40% by weight.
Claim 85
Dependent Claim
88 words
The process according to claim 63, wherein the modified polyester resin has one or more monomers units selected from a group consisting of styrene, o-methyl styrene, m-methyl styrene, p-methyl styrene, p-methoxy styrene, p-ethyl styrene, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, isobutyl acrylate, n-propyl acrylate, n-octyl acrylate, dodecyl acrylate, 2-ethyl hexyl acrylate, stearyl acrylate, 2-chloroethyl acrylate, phenyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, n-propyl methacrylate, n-butyl methacrylate, isobutyl methacrylate, n-octyl methacrylate, dodecyl methacrylate, 2-ethyl hexyl methacrylate, stearyl methacrylate, phenyl methacrylate, dimethyl aminoethyl methacrylate, diethyl aminoethyl methacrylate, acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile and acrylamide.
Claim 86
Dependent Claim
64 words
The process according to claim 63, wherein the modified polyester resin comprises (i) a graft copolymer in which styrenic, acrylic or methacrylic monomer unit is bonded, to the main chain of the polyester by radical bonding, or (ii) a block copolymer in which styrenic, acrylic or methacrylic monomer unit is incorporated in the main chain of the polyester by radical bonding or ionic bonding.
Claim 87
Dependent Claim
35 words
The process according to claim 63, wherein the toner particle is obtained by suspension polymerization in which the polymerizable monomer composition is added to and dispersed in an aqueous medium to carry out polymerization reaction.
Claim 88
Dependent Claim
60 words
The toner according to claim 1, including producing the toner particle by polymerizing in the aqueous medium the polymerizable monomer composition to form toner particles and thereafter reducing the amount of the polymerizable monomer remaining in the toner particle by removing unreacted polymerizable monomer from the toner particle, wherein the toner particle contains 1000 ppm or less unreacted polymerizable monomer.
Claim 89
Dependent Claim
49 words
The toner according to claim 84, including the step of removing unreacted polymerizable monomer from the toner particle by washing with an organic solvent of high volatility which does not dissolve a toner binding resin but dissolves at least one of the polymerizable monomer and an organic solvent component.
Claim 90
Dependent Claim
25 words
The toner of claim 84 including the step of removing unreacted polymerizable monomer from the toner particle by washing with an acid or an alkali.
Claim 91
Dependent Claim
61 words
The toner of claim 84 including the step of removing unreacted polymerizable monomer from the toner particle by adding a foaming agent or a solvent component which does not dissolve the polymer to the polymer system so that the toner is porosified to increase an evaporation area of at least one of an inner polymeric monomer and an organic solvent component.
Claim 92
Dependent Claim
33 words
The toner of claim 84 including the step of removing unreacted polymerizable monomer from the toner particle by evaporating at least one of the polymerizable monomer and organic solvent component under reduced pressure.
Claim 93
Dependent Claim
33 words
The toner according to claim 84, wherein the amount of polymerizable monomer remaining in the toner particle is reduced to 500 ppm or less by removing unreacted polymerizable monomer from the toner particle.
Claim 94
Dependent Claim
60 words
The toner according to claim 43, including producing the toner particle by polymerizing in the aqueous medium the polymerizable monomer composition to form toner particles and thereafter reducing the amount of the polymerizable monomer remaining in the toner particle by removing unreacted polymerizable monomer from the toner particle, wherein the toner particle contains 1000 ppm or less unreacted polymerizable monomer.
Claim 95
Dependent Claim
49 words
The toner according to claim 90, including the step of removing unreacted polymerizable monomer from the toner particle by washing with an organic solvent of high volatility which does not dissolve a toner binding resin but dissolves at least one of the polymerizable monomer and an organic solvent component.
Claim 96
Dependent Claim
25 words
The toner of claim 90 including the step of removing unreacted polymerizable monomer from the toner particle by washing with an acid or an alkali.
Claim 97
Dependent Claim
61 words
The toner of claim 90 including the step of removing unreacted polymerizable monomer from the toner particle by adding a foaming agent or a solvent component which does not dissolve the polymer to the polymer system so that the toner is porosified to increase an evaporation area of at least one of an inner polymeric monomer and an organic solvent component.
Claim 98
Dependent Claim
33 words
The toner of claim 90 including the step of removing unreacted polymerizable monomer from the toner particle by evaporating at least one of the polymerizable monomer and organic solvent component under reduced pressure.
Claim 99
Dependent Claim
33 words
The toner according to claim 90, wherein the amount of polymerizable monomer remaining in the toner particle is reduced to 500 ppm or less by removing unreacted polymerizable monomer from the toner particle.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1999-06-25 | 1999-12-25 | 2000-06-25 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 2003-06-25 | 2003-12-25 | 2004-06-25 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2007-06-25 | 2007-12-25 | 2008-06-25 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |