Patent US4599343A successfully refreshed from Google Patents.
Patent US5488570A successfully refreshed from Google Patents.
US5488570A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Encoding and decoding video signals using adaptive filter switching criteria
Assignee: Intel Corp
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Filing: 1994-06-29
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Granted: 1996-01-30
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Expires: 2014-06-29
Abstract
Abstract Reference frames are generated by selectively filtering blocks of decoded video frames. The decision whether to filter a block is based on a comparison of an energy measure value generated for the block and an energy measure threshold value corresponding to the quantization level used to encode the block. The energy measure threshold value for a given quantization level is selected by analyzing the results of encoding and decoding training video frames using that quantization level. The reference frames are used in encoding and decoding video frames using interframe processing.
Inventors
- 👤 Rohit Agarwal
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-06 12:27
CPC Classifications
H; H04; H04Q; H04Q11/00; H04Q11/04; H04Q11/0428; H04Q11/0435; H04N; H04N19/00; H04N19/10; H04N19/102; H04N19/124; H04N19/126; H04N19/132; H04N19/134; H04N19/136; H04N19/14; H04N19/146; H04N19/149; H04N19/169; H04N19/17; H04N19/174; H04N19/176; H04N19/189; H04N19/196; H04N19/197; H04N19/198; H04N19/50; H04N19/503; H04N19/51; H04N19/527; H04N19/587; H04N19/60; H04N19/61; H04N19/80; H04N19/82; H04N19/85; H04N19/86; H04N19/89; H04N19/895; H04N7/00; H04N7/14; H04N7/15; H04N7/152; H04N7/24; H04N7/52; H04N19/103; H04N19/107; H04N19/13; H04N19/90; H04N19/91; H04Q2213/00; H04Q2213/13034; H04Q2213/13103; H04Q2213/13106; H04Q2213/13152; H04Q2213/1319; H04Q2213/13209; H04Q2213/1324; H04Q2213/13299; H04Q2213/13337
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 60
Claim 1
Independent Claim
239 words
A computer-implemented process for encoding video signals, comprising the steps of: (a) encoding one or more training video frames using a selected quantization level to generate one or more encoded training video frames; (b) decoding the encoded training video frames to generate one or more decoded training video frames; (c) generating one or more energy measure values corresponding to the decoded training video frames; (d) performing steps (a)-(c) for a plurality of quantization levels; (e) selecting an energy measure threshold value for each of the quantization levels in accordance with the decoded training video frames; (f) generating a first reference frame corresponding to a first video frame; (g) encoding a block of a second video frame using the first reference frame and a selected quantization level to generate a block of an encoded second video frame; (h) decoding the block of the encoded second video frame to generate a block of a second reference frame, wherein step (h) comprises the steps of: (1) generating an energy measure value corresponding to the block of the encoded second video frame; (2) comparing the energy measure value of step (h)(1) with the energy measure threshold value of step (e) corresponding to the selected quantization level for the block; and (3) applying a filter to generate the block of the second reference frame in accordance with the comparison of step (h)(2); and (i) encoding a third video frame using the second reference frame.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
239 words
A computer-implemented process for encoding video signals, comprising the steps of: (a) encoding one or more training video frames using a selected quantization level to generate one or more encoded training video frames; (b) decoding the encoded training video frames to generate one or more decoded training video frames; (c) generating one or more energy measure values corresponding to the decoded training video frames; (d) performing steps (a)-(c) for a plurality of quantization levels; (e) selecting an energy measure threshold value for each of the quantization levels in accordance with the decoded training video frames; (f) generating a first reference frame corresponding to a first video frame; (g) encoding a block of a second video frame using the first reference frame and a selected quantization level to generate a block of an encoded second video frame; (h) decoding the block of the encoded second video frame to generate a block of a second reference frame, wherein step (h) comprises the steps of: (1) generating an energy measure value corresponding to the block of the encoded second video frame; (2) comparing the energy measure value of step (h)(1) with the energy measure threshold value of step (e) corresponding to the selected quantization level for the block; and (3) applying a filter to generate the block of the second reference frame in accordance with the comparison of step (h)(2); and (i) encoding a third video frame using the second reference frame.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
98 words
The process of claim 1, wherein: step (g) comprises the steps of: (1) generating pixel differences between the block of the second video frame and the first reference frame; and (2) encoding the block of the second video frame in accordance with the pixel differences to generate the block of the encoded second video frame; and step (h)(1) comprises the steps of: (i) decoding the block of the encoded second video frame to generate decoded pixel differences; and (ii) generating the energy measure value corresponding to the block of the encoded second video frame using the pixel differences.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
49 words
The process of claim 2, wherein step (h)(3) comprises the steps of: (i) applying the filter to a block of the first reference frame; and (ii) adding the decoded pixel differences to the filtered block of the first reference frame to generate the block of the second reference frame.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
49 words
The process of claim 2, wherein step (h)(3) comprises the steps of: (i) adding the decoded pixel differences to a block of the first reference frame to generate a reconstructed block; and (ii) applying the filter to the reconstructed block to generate the block of the second reference frame.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
41 words
The process of claim 2, wherein: the encoded second video frame is generated using motion estimation; the second reference frame is generated using motion compensation; the filter comprises a spatial filter; and the energy measure comprises a sum of absolute differences.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
26 words
The process of claim 1, wherein the encoded second video frame is generated using motion estimation and the second reference frame is generated using motion compensation.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
12 words
The process of claim 1, wherein the filter comprises a spatial filter.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
15 words
The process of claim 1, wherein the energy measure comprises a sum of absolute differences.
Claim 10
Independent Claim
254 words
An apparatus for encoding video signals, comprising: (a) means for encoding one or more training video frames using a selected quantization level to generate one or more encoded training video frames; (b) means for decoding the encoded training video frames to generate one or more decoded training video frames; (c) means for generating one or more energy measure values corresponding to the decoded training video frames, wherein the processing of means (a)-(c) is performed for a plurality of quantization levels and an energy measure threshold value is selected for each of the quantization levels in accordance with the decoded training video frames; (d) means for generating a first reference frame corresponding to a first video frame; (e) means for encoding a block of a second video frame using the first reference frame and a selected quantization level to generate a block of an encoded second video frame; (f) means for decoding the block of the encoded second video frame to generate a block of a second reference frame, wherein means (f) comprises: (1) means for generating an energy measure value corresponding to the block of the encoded second video frame; (2) means for comparing the energy measure value of means (f)(1) with the energy measure threshold value corresponding to the selected quantization level for the block; and (3) means for applying a filter to generate the block of the second reference frame in accordance with the comparison of means (f)(2); and (i) means for encoding a third video frame using the second reference frame.
Claim 11
Independent Claim
254 words
An apparatus for encoding video signals, comprising: (a) means for encoding one or more training video frames using a selected quantization level to generate one or more encoded training video frames; (b) means for decoding the encoded training video frames to generate one or more decoded training video frames; (c) means for generating one or more energy measure values corresponding to the decoded training video frames, wherein the processing of means (a)-(c) is performed for a plurality of quantization levels and an energy measure threshold value is selected for each of the quantization levels in accordance with the decoded training video frames; (d) means for generating a first reference frame corresponding to a first video frame; (e) means for encoding a block of a second video frame using the first reference frame and a selected quantization level to generate a block of an encoded second video frame; (f) means for decoding the block of the encoded second video frame to generate a block of a second reference frame, wherein means (f) comprises: (1) means for generating an energy measure value corresponding to the block of the encoded second video frame; (2) means for comparing the energy measure value of means (f)(1) with the energy measure threshold value corresponding to the selected quantization level for the block; and (3) means for applying a filter to generate the block of the second reference frame in accordance with the comparison of means (f)(2); and (i) means for encoding a third video frame using the second reference frame.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
100 words
The apparatus of claim 9, wherein: means (e) comprises: (1) means for generating pixel differences between the block of the second video frame and the first reference frame; and (2) means for encoding the block of the second video frame in accordance with the pixel differences to generate the block of the encoded second video frame; and means (f)(1) comprises: (i) means for decoding the block of the encoded second video frame to generate decoded pixel differences; and (ii) means for generating the energy measure value corresponding to the block of the encoded second video frame using the pixel differences.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
50 words
The apparatus of claim 10, wherein means (f)(3) comprises: (i) means for applying the filter to a block of the first reference frame; and (ii) means for adding the decoded pixel differences to the filtered block of the first reference frame to generate the block of the second reference frame.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
50 words
The apparatus of claim 10, wherein means (f)(3) comprises: (i) means for adding the decoded pixel differences to a block of the first reference frame to generate a reconstructed block; and (ii) means for applying the filter to the reconstructed block to generate the block of the second reference frame.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
41 words
The apparatus of claim 10, wherein: the encoded second video frame is generated using motion estimation; the second reference frame is generated using motion compensation; the filter comprises a spatial filter; and the energy measure comprises a sum of absolute differences.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
31 words
The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the apparatus comprises a pixel processor, the pixel processor is electrically connected to a bus, and the bus is electrically connected to a memory device.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
26 words
The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the encoded second video frame is generated using motion estimation and the second reference frame is generated using motion compensation.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
12 words
The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the filter comprises a spatial filter.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
15 words
The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the energy measure comprises a sum of absolute differences.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
31 words
The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the apparatus comprises a pixel processor, the pixel processor is electrically connected to a bus, and the bus is electrically connected to a memory device.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
245 words
A computer-implemented process for encoding video signals, comprising the steps of: (a) generating a first reference frame corresponding to a first video frame; (b) encoding a block of a second video frame using the first reference frame and a selected quantization level to generate a block of an encoded second video frame; (c) decoding the block of the encoded second video frame to generate a block of a second reference frame, wherein step (c) comprises the steps of: (1) generating an energy measure value corresponding to the block of the encoded second video frame; (2) comparing the energy measure value of step (c)(1) with an energy measure threshold value corresponding to the selected quantization level for the block; and (3) applying a filter to generate the block of the second reference frame in accordance with the comparison of step (c)(2); and (d) encoding a third video frame using the second reference frame, wherein the energy measure threshold value corresponding to the selected quantization level for the block having been determined by: encoding one or more training video frames using each of a plurality of quantization levels to generate a plurality of encoded training video frames; decoding the encoded training video frames to generate a plurality of decoded training video frames; generating a plurality of energy measure values corresponding to the decoded training video frames; and selecting an energy measure threshold value for each of the quantization levels in accordance with the decoded training video frames.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
245 words
A computer-implemented process for encoding video signals, comprising the steps of: (a) generating a first reference frame corresponding to a first video frame; (b) encoding a block of a second video frame using the first reference frame and a selected quantization level to generate a block of an encoded second video frame; (c) decoding the block of the encoded second video frame to generate a block of a second reference frame, wherein step (c) comprises the steps of: (1) generating an energy measure value corresponding to the block of the encoded second video frame; (2) comparing the energy measure value of step (c)(1) with an energy measure threshold value corresponding to the selected quantization level for the block; and (3) applying a filter to generate the block of the second reference frame in accordance with the comparison of step (c)(2); and (d) encoding a third video frame using the second reference frame, wherein the energy measure threshold value corresponding to the selected quantization level for the block having been determined by: encoding one or more training video frames using each of a plurality of quantization levels to generate a plurality of encoded training video frames; decoding the encoded training video frames to generate a plurality of decoded training video frames; generating a plurality of energy measure values corresponding to the decoded training video frames; and selecting an energy measure threshold value for each of the quantization levels in accordance with the decoded training video frames.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
98 words
The process of claim 19, wherein: step (b) comprises the steps of: (1) generating pixel differences between the block of the second video frame and the first reference frame; and (2) encoding the block of the second video frame in accordance with the pixel differences to generate the block of the encoded second video frame; and step (c)(1) comprises the steps of: (i) decoding the block of the encoded second video frame to generate decoded pixel differences; and (ii) generating the energy measure value corresponding to the block of the encoded second video frame using the pixel differences.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
49 words
The process of claim 20, wherein step (c)(3) comprises the steps of: (i) applying the filter to a block of the first reference frame; and (ii) adding the decoded pixel differences to the filtered block of the first reference frame to generate the block of the second reference frame.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
49 words
The process of claim 20, wherein step (c)(3) comprises the steps of: (i) adding the decoded pixel differences to a block of the first reference frame to generate a reconstructed block; and (ii) applying the filter to the reconstructed block to generate the block of the second reference frame.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
41 words
The process of claim 20, wherein: the encoded second video frame is generated using motion estimation; the second reference frame is generated using motion compensation; the filter comprises a spatial filter; and the energy measure comprises a sum of absolute differences.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
26 words
The process of claim 19, wherein the encoded second video frame is generated using motion estimation and the second reference frame is generated using motion compensation.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
12 words
The process of claim 19, wherein the filter comprises a spatial filter.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
15 words
The process of claim 19, wherein the energy measure comprises a sum of absolute differences.
Claim 30
Independent Claim
252 words
An apparatus for encoding video signals, comprising: (a) means for generating a first reference frame corresponding to a first video frame; (b) means for encoding a block of a second video frame using the first reference frame and a selected quantization level to generate a block of an encoded second video frame; (c) means for decoding the block of the encoded second video frame to generate a block of a second reference frame, wherein means (c) comprises: (1) means for generating an energy measure value corresponding to the block of the encoded second video frame; (2) means for comparing the energy measure value of means (c)(1) with an energy measure threshold value corresponding to the selected quantization level for the block; and (3) means for applying a filter to generate the block of the second reference frame in accordance with the comparison of means (c)(2); and (d) means for encoding a third video frame using the second reference frame, wherein the energy measure threshold value corresponding to the selected quantization level for the block having been determined by: encoding one or more training video frames using each of a plurality of quantization levels to generate a plurality of encoded training video frames; decoding the encoded training video frames to generate a plurality of decoded training video frames; generating a plurality of energy measure values corresponding to the decoded training video frames; and selecting an energy measure threshold value for each of the quantization levels in accordance with the decoded training video frames.
Claim 31
Independent Claim
252 words
An apparatus for encoding video signals, comprising: (a) means for generating a first reference frame corresponding to a first video frame; (b) means for encoding a block of a second video frame using the first reference frame and a selected quantization level to generate a block of an encoded second video frame; (c) means for decoding the block of the encoded second video frame to generate a block of a second reference frame, wherein means (c) comprises: (1) means for generating an energy measure value corresponding to the block of the encoded second video frame; (2) means for comparing the energy measure value of means (c)(1) with an energy measure threshold value corresponding to the selected quantization level for the block; and (3) means for applying a filter to generate the block of the second reference frame in accordance with the comparison of means (c)(2); and (d) means for encoding a third video frame using the second reference frame, wherein the energy measure threshold value corresponding to the selected quantization level for the block having been determined by: encoding one or more training video frames using each of a plurality of quantization levels to generate a plurality of encoded training video frames; decoding the encoded training video frames to generate a plurality of decoded training video frames; generating a plurality of energy measure values corresponding to the decoded training video frames; and selecting an energy measure threshold value for each of the quantization levels in accordance with the decoded training video frames.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
100 words
The apparatus of claim 27, wherein: means (b) comprises: (1) means for generating pixel differences between the block of the second video frame and the first reference frame; and (2) means for encoding the block of the second video frame in accordance with the pixel differences to generate the block of the encoded second video frame; and means (c)(1) comprises: (i) means for decoding the block of the encoded second video frame to generate decoded pixel differences; and (ii) means for generating the energy measure value corresponding to the block of the encoded second video frame using the pixel differences.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
50 words
The apparatus of claim 28, wherein means (c)(3) comprises: (i) means for applying the filter to a block of the first reference frame; and (ii) means for adding the decoded pixel differences to the filtered block of the first reference frame to generate the block of the second reference frame.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
50 words
The apparatus of claim 28, wherein means (c)(3) comprises: (i) means for adding the decoded pixel differences to a block of the first reference frame to generate a reconstructed block; and (ii) means for applying the filter to the reconstructed block to generate the block of the second reference frame.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
41 words
The apparatus of claim 28, wherein: the encoded second video frame is generated using motion estimation; the second reference frame is generated using motion compensation; the filter comprises a spatial filter; and the energy measure comprises a sum of absolute differences.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
31 words
The apparatus of claim 28, wherein the apparatus comprises a pixel processor, the pixel processor is electrically connected to a bus, and the bus is electrically connected to a memory device.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
26 words
The apparatus of claim 27, wherein the encoded second video frame is generated using motion estimation and the second reference frame is generated using motion compensation.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
12 words
The apparatus of claim 27, wherein the filter comprises a spatial filter.
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
15 words
The apparatus of claim 27, wherein the energy measure comprises a sum of absolute differences.
Claim 40
Dependent Claim
31 words
The apparatus of claim 27, wherein the apparatus comprises a pixel processor, the pixel processor is electrically connected to a bus, and the bus is electrically connected to a memory device.
Claim 41
Dependent Claim
218 words
A computer-implemented process for decoding video signals, comprising the steps of: (a) decoding an encoded first video frame to generate a first reference frame; (b) decoding a block of an encoded second video frame to generate a block of a second reference frame, wherein step (b) comprises the steps of: (1) generating an energy measure value corresponding to the block of the encoded second video frame; (2) comparing the energy measure value of step (b)(1) with an energy measure threshold value corresponding to a selected quantization level for the block; and (3) applying a filter to generate the block of the second reference frame in accordance with the comparison of step (b)(2); and (c) decoding an encoded third video frame using the second reference frame, wherein the energy measure threshold value corresponding to the selected quantization level for the block having been determined by: encoding one or more training video frames using each of a plurality of quantization levels to generate a plurality of encoded training video frames; decoding the encoded training video frames to generate a plurality of decoded training video frames; generating a plurality of energy measure values corresponding to the decoded training video frames; and selecting an energy measure threshold value for each of the quantization levels in accordance with the decoded training video frames.
Claim 42
Dependent Claim
218 words
A computer-implemented process for decoding video signals, comprising the steps of: (a) decoding an encoded first video frame to generate a first reference frame; (b) decoding a block of an encoded second video frame to generate a block of a second reference frame, wherein step (b) comprises the steps of: (1) generating an energy measure value corresponding to the block of the encoded second video frame; (2) comparing the energy measure value of step (b)(1) with an energy measure threshold value corresponding to a selected quantization level for the block; and (3) applying a filter to generate the block of the second reference frame in accordance with the comparison of step (b)(2); and (c) decoding an encoded third video frame using the second reference frame, wherein the energy measure threshold value corresponding to the selected quantization level for the block having been determined by: encoding one or more training video frames using each of a plurality of quantization levels to generate a plurality of encoded training video frames; decoding the encoded training video frames to generate a plurality of decoded training video frames; generating a plurality of energy measure values corresponding to the decoded training video frames; and selecting an energy measure threshold value for each of the quantization levels in accordance with the decoded training video frames.
Claim 43
Dependent Claim
48 words
The process of claim 37, wherein step (b)(1) comprises the steps of: (i) decoding the block of the encoded second video frame to generate decoded pixel differences; and (ii) generating the energy measure value corresponding to the block of the encoded second video frame using the pixel differences.
Claim 44
Dependent Claim
49 words
The process of claim 38, wherein step (b)(3) comprises the steps of: (i) applying the filter to a block of the first reference frame; and (ii) adding the decoded pixel differences to the filtered block of the first reference frame to generate the block of the second reference frame.
Claim 45
Dependent Claim
49 words
The process of claim 38, wherein step (b)(3) comprises the steps of: (i) adding the decoded pixel differences to a block of the first reference frame to generate a reconstructed block; and (ii) applying the filter to the reconstructed block to generate the block of the second reference frame.
Claim 46
Dependent Claim
41 words
The process of claim 38, wherein: the encoded second video frame is generated using motion estimation; the second reference frame is generated using motion compensation; the filter comprises a spatial filter; and the energy measure comprises a sum of absolute differences.
Claim 47
Dependent Claim
26 words
The process of claim 37, wherein the encoded second video frame is generated using motion estimation and the second reference frame is generated using motion compensation.
Claim 48
Dependent Claim
12 words
The process of claim 37, wherein the filter comprises a spatial filter.
Claim 49
Dependent Claim
15 words
The process of claim 37, wherein the energy measure comprises a sum of absolute differences.
Claim 50
Independent Claim
223 words
An apparatus for decoding video signals, comprising: (a) means for decoding an encoded first video frame to generate a first reference frame; (b) means for decoding a block of an encoded second video frame to generate a block of a second reference frame, wherein means (b) comprises: (1) means for generating an energy measure value corresponding to the block of the encoded second video frame; (2) means for comparing the energy measure value of means (b)(1) with an energy measure threshold value corresponding to a selected quantization level for the block; and (3) means for applying a filter to generate the block of the second reference frame in accordance with the comparison of means (b)(2); and (c) means for decoding an encoded third video frame using the second reference frame, wherein the energy measure threshold value corresponding to the selected quantization level for the block having been determined by: encoding one or more training video frames using each of a plurality of quantization levels to generate a plurality of encoded training video frames; decoding the encoded training video frames to generate a plurality of decoded training video frames; generating a plurality of energy measure values corresponding to the decoded training video frames; and selecting an energy measure threshold value for each of the quantization levels in accordance with the decoded training video frames.
Claim 51
Independent Claim
223 words
An apparatus for decoding video signals, comprising: (a) means for decoding an encoded first video frame to generate a first reference frame; (b) means for decoding a block of an encoded second video frame to generate a block of a second reference frame, wherein means (b) comprises: (1) means for generating an energy measure value corresponding to the block of the encoded second video frame; (2) means for comparing the energy measure value of means (b)(1) with an energy measure threshold value corresponding to a selected quantization level for the block; and (3) means for applying a filter to generate the block of the second reference frame in accordance with the comparison of means (b)(2); and (c) means for decoding an encoded third video frame using the second reference frame, wherein the energy measure threshold value corresponding to the selected quantization level for the block having been determined by: encoding one or more training video frames using each of a plurality of quantization levels to generate a plurality of encoded training video frames; decoding the encoded training video frames to generate a plurality of decoded training video frames; generating a plurality of energy measure values corresponding to the decoded training video frames; and selecting an energy measure threshold value for each of the quantization levels in accordance with the decoded training video frames.
Claim 52
Dependent Claim
50 words
The apparatus of claim 45, wherein means (b) (1) comprises: (i) means for decoding the block of the encoded second video frame to generate decoded pixel differences; and (ii) means for generating the energy measure value corresponding to the block of the encoded second video frame using the pixel differences.
Claim 53
Dependent Claim
51 words
The apparatus of claim 46, wherein means (b) (3) comprises: (i) means for applying the filter to a block of the first reference frame; and (ii) means for adding the decoded pixel differences to the filtered block of the first reference frame to generate the block of the second reference frame.
Claim 54
Dependent Claim
50 words
The apparatus of claim 46, wherein means (b)(3) comprises: (i) means for adding the decoded pixel differences to a block of the first reference frame to generate a reconstructed block; and (ii) means for applying the filter to the reconstructed block to generate the block of the second reference frame.
Claim 55
Dependent Claim
41 words
The apparatus of claim 46, wherein: the encoded second video frame is generated using motion estimation; the second reference frame is generated using motion compensation; the filter comprises a spatial filter; and the energy measure comprises a sum of absolute differences.
Claim 56
Dependent Claim
31 words
The apparatus of claim 46, wherein the apparatus comprises a host processor, the host processor is electrically connected to a bus, and the bus is electrically connected to a memory device.
Claim 57
Dependent Claim
26 words
The apparatus of claim 45, wherein the encoded second video frame is generated using motion estimation and the second reference frame is generated using motion compensation.
Claim 58
Dependent Claim
12 words
The apparatus of claim 45, wherein the filter comprises a spatial filter.
Claim 59
Dependent Claim
15 words
The apparatus of claim 45, wherein the energy measure comprises a sum of absolute differences.
Claim 60
Dependent Claim
31 words
The apparatus of claim 45, wherein the apparatus comprises a host processor, the host processor is electrically connected to a bus, and the bus is electrically connected to a memory device.
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