Control circuit and method for maintaining high efficiency over broad current ranges in a switching regulator circuit

Claim 2

A circuit for controlling a switching voltage regulator, the regulator having (1) a switch circuit coupled to receive an input voltage and including a pair of synchronously switched switching transistors and (2) an output circuit including an output terminal and an output capacitor coupled thereto for supplying current at a regulated voltage to a load, the control circuit comprising: a first circuit for monitoring a signal from the output terminal to generate a first feedback signal; a second circuit for generating a first control signal during a first state of circuit operation, the first control signal being responsive to the first feedback signal to vary the duty cycle of the switching transistors to maintain the output terminal at the regulated voltage; and a third circuit for generating a second control signal during a second state of circuit operation to cause both switching transistors to be simultaneously OFF for a period of time if a sensed condition of the regulator indicates that the current supplied to the load falls below a threshold fraction of maximum rated output current for the regulator, whereby operating efficiency of the regulator at low output current levels is improved.

Claim 3

The circuit of claim 1 wherein the second control signal is generated in response to the first feedback signal.

Claim 4

The circuit of claim 2 wherein the circuit changes from the second to the first state of operation in response to the magnitude of the first feedback signal falling below a first threshold level.

Claim 5

The circuit of claim 3 wherein the circuit changes from the first to the second state of operation in response to the magnitude of the first feedback signal exceeding a second threshold level greater than the first threshold level.

Claim 6

The circuit of claim 4, wherein the first feedback signal is a voltage feedback signal and the third circuit includes a voltage comparator having hysteresis.

Claim 7

The circuit of claim 5, wherein the current consumed by the switching voltage regulator is reduced during the second state of operation.

Claim 8

The circuit of claim 1, wherein the second circuit includes: a one-shot circuit for generating first and second levels of the first control signal during a switch cycle, wherein the first level causes the switch circuit to couple the input voltage to a node of the output circuit, and the second level causes the switch circuit to couple the node of the output circuit to ground.

Claim 9

The circuit of claim 7, wherein the second level is generated for a predetermined time period.

Claim 10

The circuit of claim 8, wherein the second circuit includes a fourth circuit for monitoring the current supplied to the output terminal to generate a current feedback signal.

Claim 11

The circuit of claim 9, wherein the switch is adapted to be coupled to an inductor and the fourth circuit monitors the inductor current to generate the current feedback signal.

Claim 12

The circuit of claim 10, wherein the fourth circuit compares the current feedback signal to a reference current value and triggers the one-shot circuit when the current feedback signal exceeds the reference current value.

Claim 13

The circuit of claim 11, wherein the fourth circuit includes a current comparator for triggering the one-shot circuit, the current comparator having a first input coupled to receive the current feedback signal and a second input coupled to a current source for providing the reference current value.

Claim 14

The circuit of claim 12, wherein the current source includes: a transconductance amplifier supplying a current substantially proportional to the difference in voltage between the first feedback signal and a constant voltage; and a constant current source coupled in parallel with the transconductance amplifier.

Claim 15

The circuit of claim 7, wherein second level is generated for a time period dependent upon the input voltage.

Claim 16

The circuit of claim 14, wherein the switch is coupled to an inductor, and wherein the second level is generated for a time period that is decreased in response to a decrease in the input voltage, whereby the oscillation frequency of the ripple current through said inductor is increased from an audible frequency to one that does not generate substantial user noise.

Claim 17

The circuit of claim 7, wherein the second level is generated for a time period that is dependent upon the voltage at the load.

Claim 18

The circuit of claim 16, wherein the switch is coupled to an inductor, and wherein the second level is generated for a time period that is increased in response to a decrease in the voltage at the load, whereby the total decrease in current through said inductor during the time period the second level is generated remains substantially constant.

Claim 19

The circuit of claim 7, wherein the one-shot circuit is maintained substantially OFF during the second state of operation, whereby the efficiency of the switching regulator circuit is increased as the circuit changes from the first to the second state of operation.

Claim 20

The circuit of claim 12, wherein the current comparator is maintained substantially OFF during the second state of operation, whereby the efficiency of the switching regulator circuit is increased as the circuit changes from the first to the second state of operation.

Claim 21

The circuit of claim 1, wherein the third circuit includes a user-activated switch and wherein the second control signal is generated in response to activation of the user switch.

Claim 22

The circuit of claim 20, wherein: the second circuit includes a transconductance amplifier supplying a current substantially proportional to the difference in voltage between the feedback signal and a constant voltage during the first state of operation; and wherein activation of the user switch introduces hysteresis into the transconductance amplifier.

Claim 23

The circuit of claim 20, wherein the second circuit includes: a one-shot circuit for generating first and second levels of the first control signal during a switch cycle, wherein the first level causes the switch circuit to couple the input voltage to a node of the output circuit, and the second level causes the switch circuit to couple the node of the output circuit to ground.

Claim 24

The circuit of claim 22, wherein the second level is generated for a predetermined time period.

Claim 25

The circuit of claim 23, wherein the second circuit includes a fourth circuit for monitoring the current supplied to the output terminal to generate a current feedback signal.

Claim 26

The circuit of claim 24, wherein the fourth circuit compares the current feedback signal to a reference current value and triggers the one-shot circuit when the current feedback signal exceeds the reference current value.

Claim 27

The circuit of claim 22, wherein the second level is generated for a time period that is dependent upon the input voltage.

Claim 28

The circuit of claim 26, wherein the switch is coupled to an inductor, and wherein the second period of time is decreased in response to a decrease in the input voltage, whereby the oscillation frequency of the ripple current through said inductor is increased from an audible frequency to one that does not generate substantial user noise.

Claim 29

The circuit of claim 22, wherein the second level is generated for a time period that is dependent upon the voltage at the load.

Claim 30

The circuit of claim 28, wherein the switch is coupled to an inductor, and wherein the second level is generated for a time period that is increased in response to a decrease in the voltage at the load, whereby the total decrease in current through said inductor during the time period the second level is generated remains substantially constant.

Claim 31

The circuit of claim 22, wherein the one-shot circuit is maintained substantially OFF during the second state of operation, whereby the efficiency of the switching regulator circuit is increased as the circuit changes from the first to the second state of operation.

Claim 32

The circuit of claim 1, wherein the circuit is adapted for controlling a switching voltage regulator circuit having first and second switching transistors coupled in series between an input voltage and ground, wherein the first and second switching transistors are commonly coupled to the output circuit, and wherein the input voltage is higher than the voltage at the load, whereby the switching voltage regulator is a step-down voltage regulator.

Claim 33

The circuit of claim 1, wherein the circuit is adapted for controlling a switching voltage regulator circuit wherein the input voltage is lower than the voltage at the load, whereby the switching voltage regulator is a step-up voltage regulator.

Claim 34

The circuit of claim 1, wherein the circuit is adapted for controlling a switching voltage regulator circuit wherein the input voltage has an opposite polarity than the voltage at the load, whereby the switching voltage regulator is a polarity-inversing voltage regulator.

Claim 35

A circuit for controlling a switching voltage regulator, the regulator having (1) a switch circuit coupled to receive an input voltage and including a pair of synchronously switched switching transistors and (2) an output circuit including an output terminal and an output capacitor coupled thereto for supplying current at a regulated voltage to a load, the control circuit comprising: a first means for generating a voltage feedback signal indicative of the voltage at the output; a second means for generating a first control signal during a first state of circuit operation, the first control signal being responsive to the voltage feedback signal to vary the duty cycle of the switching transistors to maintain the output terminal at the regulated voltage; and a third means for generating a second control signal during a second state of circuit operation to cause both switching transistors to be simultaneously OFF for a period of time if a sensed condition of the regulator indicates that the current supplied to the load falls below a threshold fraction of maximum rated output current for the regulator, the period of time having a duration which is a function of the current supplied to the load by the regulator.

Claim 36

A circuit for controlling a switching voltage regulator, the regulator having (1) a switch circuit coupled to receive an input voltage and including a pair of synchronously switched switching transistors and (2) an output circuit including an output terminal and an output capacitor coupled thereto for supplying current at a regulated voltage to a load, the control circuit comprising: a first means for generating a voltage feedback signal indicative of the voltage at the output; a second means for generating a first control signal during a first state of circuit operation, the first control signal being responsive to the voltage feedback signal to vary the duty cycle of the switching transistors to maintain the output terminal at the regulated voltage; and a third means for generating a second control signal during a second state of circuit operation to cause both switching transistors to be simultaneously OFF for a period of time if a sensed condition of the regulator indicates that the current supplied to the load falls below a threshold fraction of maximum rated output current for the regulator, the period of time having a duration which is a function of the current supplied to the load by the regulator.

Claim 37

The circuit of claim 34, wherein the third means includes a voltage comparator having hysteresis.

Claim 38

The circuit of claim 34, wherein the second means includes: a one-shot circuit for generating first and second levels of the first control signal during a switch cycle, wherein the first level causes the switch circuit to couple the input voltage to a node of the output circuit, and the second level causes the switch circuit to couple the node of the output circuit to ground.

Claim 39

The circuit of claim 36, wherein the second means includes a fourth means for monitoring the current supplied to the output terminal to generate a current feedback signal.

Claim 40

The circuit of claim 37, wherein the fourth means compares the current feedback signal to a reference current value and triggers the one-shot circuit when the current feedback signal exceeds the reference current value.

Claim 41

The circuit of claim 38, wherein the fourth means includes a current comparator for triggering the one-shot circuit, the current comparator having a first input coupled to receive the current feedback signal and a second input coupled to a current source for providing the reference current value.

Claim 42

The circuit of claim 39, wherein the current source includes: a transconductance amplifier supplying a current substantially proportional to the difference in voltage between the feedback signal and a constant voltage; and a constant current source coupled in parallel with the transconductance amplifier.

Claim 45

The method of claim 41, wherein the switching voltage regulator includes a one-shot circuit for varying the duty cycle of the switching transistors and wherein step (c) includes the step of maintaining the one-shot circuit substantially OFF during the second state of operation.

Claim 46

The method of claim 2, wherein the switching voltage regulator includes a current comparator for triggering the one-shot circuit and wherein step (c) includes the step of maintaining the current comparator substantially OFF during the second state of operation.

Claim 47

A circuit for controlling a switching voltage regulator, the regulator having (1) a switch circuit coupled to receive an input voltage and including a pair of synchronously switched switching transistors and (2) an output circuit including an output terminal and an output inductor coupled thereto for supplying current at a regulated voltage to a load, the circuit comprising: a first circuit for monitoring a signal from the output terminal to generate a first feedback signal; a second circuit for generating a first control signal during a first state of circuit operation, the first control signal being responsive to the first feedback signal to vary the duty cycle of the switching transistors to maintain the output terminal at the regulated voltage; and a third circuit for monitoring the current to the output terminal to generate a second control signal during a second state of circuit operation when the monitored current compares in a predetermined manner to a threshold indicative of a polarity reversal condition in the output inductor, said second state causing one of said switching transistors to be maintained OFF, such that the switch circuit is prevented from coupling the output circuit to ground.

Claim 48

A circuit for controlling a switching voltage regulator, the regulator having (1) a switch circuit coupled to receive an input voltage and including a pair of synchronously switched switching transistors and (2) an output circuit including an output terminal and an output inductor coupled thereto for supplying current at a regulated voltage to a load, the circuit comprising: a first circuit for monitoring a signal from the output terminal to generate a first feedback signal; a second circuit for generating a first control signal during a first state of circuit operation, the first control signal being responsive to the first feedback signal to vary the duty cycle of the switching transistors to maintain the output terminal at the regulated voltage; and a third circuit for monitoring the current to the output terminal to generate a second control signal during a second state of circuit operation when the monitored current compares in a predetermined manner to a threshold indicative of a polarity reversal condition in the output inductor, said second state causing one of said switching transistors to be maintained OFF, such that the switch circuit is prevented from coupling the output circuit to ground.

Claim 49

The circuit of claim 44 wherein the third circuit monitors the current through the inductor to generate the second control signal when the magnitude of the inductor current falls below the current threshold.

Claim 50

The circuit of claim 44 wherein the third circuit prevents reversals in polarity of the current through the inductor.

Claim 51

The circuit of claim 46, wherein the first feedback signal is a voltage feedback signal and the third circuit includes a current comparator for comparing the monitored current to the current threshold.

Claim 52

The circuit of claim 47, wherein the current consumed by the switching voltage regulator is reduced during the second state of operation.

Claim 53

The circuit of claim 44, wherein the second circuit includes: a one-shot circuit for generating first and second levels of the first control signal during a switch cycle, wherein the first level causes the switch circuit to couple the input voltage to a node of the output circuit, and the second level causes the switch circuit to couple the node of the output circuit to ground.

Claim 54

The circuit of claim 49, wherein the second level is generated for a predetermined time period.

Claim 57

The method of claim 51 wherein step (c) includes step (d) of monitoring the current to the output terminal and detecting when the current falls below a current threshold.

Claim 58

The method of claim 52 wherein step (d) includes monitoring the current through the inductor.

Claim 59

The circuit of claim 53, wherein the current consumed by the switching voltage regulator is reduced during the second state of operation.

Claim 60

A circuit for controlling a switching voltage regulator, the regulator having (1) a switch circuit coupled to receive an input voltage and including a pair of synchronously switched switching transistors and (2) an output circuit including an output terminal and an output capacitor coupled thereto for supplying current at a regulated voltage to a load, the control circuit comprising: drive circuitry for the pair of synchronously switched switching transistor; feedback circuitry, coupled to the drive circuitry to control the duty cycle of the pair of synchronously switched switching transistors, the feedback circuitry forming a feedback path in the regulator between the output circuit and the drive circuitry by which feedback information indicative of the current supplied to the load by the regulator conditions the duty cycle of the pair of synchronously switched switching transistors; and logic circuitry, coupled to the feedback circuitry and the drive circuitry, which prevents the drive circuitry from turning on either of the pair of synchronously switched switching transistors if the feedback information indicates that the current supplied to the load by the regulator falls below selected sleep mode current level, wherein the synchronously switched switching transistors are prevented from being turned on for a period of time that is a function of the current supplied to the load by the regulator.

Claim 61

A circuit for controlling a switching voltage regulator, the regulator having (1) a switch circuit coupled to receive an input voltage and including a pair of synchronously switched switching transistors and (2) an output circuit including an output terminal and an output capacitor coupled thereto for supplying current at a regulated voltage to a load, the control circuit comprising: drive circuitry for the pair of synchronously switched switching transistor; feedback circuitry, coupled to the drive circuitry to control the duty cycle of the pair of synchronously switched switching transistors, the feedback circuitry forming a feedback path in the regulator between the output circuit and the drive circuitry by which feedback information indicative of the current supplied to the load by the regulator conditions the duty cycle of the pair of synchronously switched switching transistors; and logic circuitry, coupled to the feedback circuitry and the drive circuitry, which prevents the drive circuitry from turning on either of the pair of synchronously switched switching transistors if the feedback information indicates that the current supplied to the load by the regulator falls below selected sleep mode current level, wherein the synchronously switched switching transistors are prevented from being turned on for a period of time that is a function of the current supplied to the load by the regulator.

Claim 62

The circuit of claim 55 wherein: the output circuit includes an inductor coupled to the pair of synchronously switched switching transistors and the output terminal; the feedback information includes a first feedback signal derived by sensing current conducted between the inductor and the output terminal and a second feedback signal derived by sensing voltage at the output terminal; and the feedback circuitry includes a comparator circuit that compares the first feedback signal to an error signal generated from the second feedback signal to control switching between the pair of synchronously switched switching transistors, and a threshold circuit that sets a minimum inductor current value at which the drive circuitry switches between transistors.

Claim 63

An improved circuit for controlling a switching voltage regulator, the regulator having (1) a switch circuit coupled to receive an input voltage and including a pair of synchronously switched switching transistors and (2) an output circuit including an output terminal and an output capacitor coupled thereto for supplying current at a regulated voltage to a load, and wherein the control circuit varies the duty cycle of the switching transistors to maintain the output terminal at the regulated voltage, the improvement comprising: circuitry incorporated in the control circuit for detecting a condition in the output circuit indicative of the current supplied to the load falling below a threshold fraction of maximum rated output current for the regulator and for turning off both switching transistors simultaneously for a period of time if the supplied current falls below the threshold, the period of time having a duration which is a function of the current supplied to the load by the regulator.

Claim 64

An improved circuit for controlling a switching voltage regulator, the regulator having (1) a switch circuit coupled to receive an input voltage and including a pair of synchronously switched switching transistors and (2) an output circuit including an output terminal and an output capacitor coupled thereto for supplying current at a regulated voltage to a load, and wherein the control circuit varies the duty cycle of the switching transistors to maintain the output terminal at the regulated voltage, the improvement comprising: circuitry incorporated in the control circuit for detecting a condition in the output circuit indicative of the current supplied to the load falling below a threshold fraction of maximum rated output current for the regulator and for turning off both switching transistors simultaneously for a period of time if the supplied current falls below the threshold, the period of time having a duration which is a function of the current supplied to the load by the regulator.