Abstract A method for forming a stable emulsion of a viscous hydrocarbon in an aqueous buffer solution includes the steps of: providing a viscous hydrocarbon containing an inactive natural surfactant and having a salt content by weight of less than or equal to about 15 ppm and having a water content by weight of less than or equal to about 0.1%; forming a solution of a buffer additive in an aqueous solution to provide a basic aqueous buffer solution, the buffer additive being operative to extract and activate the inactive natural surfactant from the viscous hydrocarbon; and mixing the viscous hydrocarbon with the aqueous buffer solution at a rate sufficient to provide an emulsion of the viscous hydrocarbon in the aqueous buffer solution, whereby the buffer additive extracts the inactive natural surfactant from the viscous hydrocarbon into the aqueous buffer solution and activates the inactive natural surfactant so as to stabilize the emulsion. According to the invention, the buffer additive is a water soluble amine. The inactive natural surfactant contained in the viscous hydrocarbon includes carboxylic acids, phenols, esters, and mixtures thereof. Bimodal emulsions, having two distinct droplet size distributions, are also formed according to the method of the present invention and have improved viscosity characteristics.
A viscous hydrocarbon-in-aqueous buffer solution emulsion, comprising: a viscous hydrocarbon discontinuous phase having a salt content by weight of less than or equal to about 15 ppm and having a water content of less than or equal to about 0.1%, said discontinuous oil phase comprises a viscous hydrocarbon having an API gravity of ≦15 and a viscosity at 1 sec -1 and 30° C. of >5000 cps and being characterized by two distinct oil droplet sizes D L and D S wherein D L is about 10-40 μm and D S is ≦5 μm, the ratio of D L /D S is ≧ about 4 and about 72-80% by wt. of the viscous hydrocarbon has a large droplet size D L ; and a basic aqueous buffer solution continuous phase containing a buffer additive and a natural surfactant, the natural surfactant being an inactive surfactant naturally contained in the viscous hydrocarbon which inactive surfactant is extracted and activated by the buffer additive so as to stabilize the viscous hydrocarbon-in-aqueous buffer solution emulsion wherein the inactive natural surfactant is selected from the group consisting of carboxylic acids, phenols, esters and mixtures thereof.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
191 words
A viscous hydrocarbon-in-aqueous buffer solution emulsion, comprising: a viscous hydrocarbon discontinuous phase having a salt content by weight of less than or equal to about 15 ppm and having a water content of less than or equal to about 0.1%, said discontinuous oil phase comprises a viscous hydrocarbon having an API gravity of ≦15 and a viscosity at 1 sec -1 and 30° C. of >5000 cps and being characterized by two distinct oil droplet sizes D L and D S wherein D L is about 10-40 μm and D S is ≦5 μm, the ratio of D L /D S is ≧ about 4 and about 72-80% by wt. of the viscous hydrocarbon has a large droplet size D L ; and a basic aqueous buffer solution continuous phase containing a buffer additive and a natural surfactant, the natural surfactant being an inactive surfactant naturally contained in the viscous hydrocarbon which inactive surfactant is extracted and activated by the buffer additive so as to stabilize the viscous hydrocarbon-in-aqueous buffer solution emulsion wherein the inactive natural surfactant is selected from the group consisting of carboxylic acids, phenols, esters and mixtures thereof.