US5457218A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Precursor and related method of forming for use in forming electrochromic coatings
Assignee: Magna Donnelly Corp
•
Filing: 1993-09-02
•
Granted: 1995-10-10
•
Expires: 2013-09-02
Abstract
Abstract Electrochromic coating solutions are prepared by reacting a transition metal with a mixture of hydrogen peroxide and an organic acid. The resulting transition metal-peroxy acid product is esterified by reacting with lower carbon alcohols to produce a peroxyester-transition metal derivative. This derivative in solution in lower carbon alcohols provides a working solution into which a substrate having a conductive surface is preferable dipped and removed at a rate sufficient to give a coating of a desired thickness over the conductive surface. Spray or spin coating can be used to apply the coating to the conductive surface of the substrate. The coating is then dried and is externally fired in an oven to complete the necessary reactions to yield an electrochromic oxide coating having exceptional electrochromic properties.
Inventors
- 👤 John P. Cronin
- 👤 Daniel J. Tarico
- 👤 Anoop Agrawal
- 👤 Raymond L. Zhang
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-27 23:31
CPC Classifications
C; C03; C03C; C03C17/00; C03C17/34; C03C17/3411; C03C17/3417; G; G02; G02B; G02B1/00; G02B1/10
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 40
Claim 1
Independent Claim
31 words
A method for preparing a precursor for use in forming electrochromic coatings comprising: reacting a transition metal with hydrogen peroxide and an organic acid to form a transition metal-peroxy acid product.
Claim 2
Independent Claim
31 words
A method for preparing a precursor for use in forming electrochromic coatings comprising: reacting a transition metal with hydrogen peroxide and an organic acid to form a transition metal-peroxy acid product.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
15 words
A method in accordance with claim 1 wherein said transition metal-peroxy acid product is isolated.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
26 words
A method in accordance with claim 2 wherein said transition metal is selected from the group consisting of tungsten, molybdenum, manganese, chromium, rhenium, iridium and nickel.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
23 words
A method in accordance with claim 3 wherein said organic acid is selected from the group consisting of acetic acid and propionic acid.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
77 words
A method in accordance with claim 4 wherein said transition metal is allowed to react with said hydrogen peroxide and an organic acid at a temperature of from about -10° C. to about 12° C. for a period of from about 18 to about 30 hours, and is then refluxed at from about 45° C. to about 60° C. for a period of from about 18 to about 10 hours to form said transition metal-peroxy acid product.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
76 words
A method in accordance with claim 1 wherein said transition metal is allowed to react with said hydrogen peroxide and organic acid at a temperature of from about -10° C. to about 12° C. for a period of from about 18 to about 30 hours, and is then refluxed at from about 45° C. to about 60° C. for a period of from about 18 to about 10 hours, to form said transition metal-peroxy acid product.
Claim 8
Independent Claim
50 words
A method for preparing a precursor for use in forming electrochromic coatings comprising: reacting a transition metal with hydrogen peroxide and an organic acid to form a transition metal-peroxy acid product and reacting said transition metal-peroxy acid product with a lower carbon alcohol to form a peroxyester transition metal derivative.
Claim 9
Independent Claim
50 words
A method for preparing a precursor for use in forming electrochromic coatings comprising: reacting a transition metal with hydrogen peroxide and an organic acid to form a transition metal-peroxy acid product and reacting said transition metal-peroxy acid product with a lower carbon alcohol to form a peroxyester transition metal derivative.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
23 words
A method in accordance with claim 7 wherein said transition metal-peroxy acid product is isolated prior to reacting with said lower carbon alcohol.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
26 words
A method in accordance with claim 8 wherein said transition metal is selected from the group consisting of tungsten, molybdenum, manganese, chromium, rhenium, iridium and nickel.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
27 words
A method in accordance with claim 9 wherein said lower carbon alcohol is selected from the group consisting of methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, sec-butanol and mixtures thereof.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
23 words
A method in accordance with claim 10 wherein said organic acid is selected from the group consisting of acetic acid and propionic acid.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
77 words
A method in accordance with claim 11 wherein said transition metal is allowed to react with said hydrogen peroxide and an organic acid at a temperature of from about -10° C. to about 12° C. for a period of from about 18 to about 30 hours, and is then refluxed at from about 45° C. to about 60° C. for a period of from about 18 to about 10 hours to form said transition metal-peroxy acid product.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
77 words
A method in accordance with claim 7 wherein said transition metal is allowed to react with said hydrogen peroxide and an organic acid at a temperature of from about -10° C. to about 12° C. for a period of from about 18 to about 30 hours, and is then refluxed at from about 45° C. to about 60° C. for a period of from about 18 to about 10 hours to form said transition metal-peroxy acid product.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
50 words
A method in accordance with claim 7 further comprising the step of reacting a second metal with hydrogen peroxide and an organic acid to form a second metal-peroxy acid product and mixing said second metal-peroxy acid product with said peroxyester-transition metal derivative to form a peroxyester-transition metal/second metal-peroxy acid mixture.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
37 words
A method in accordance with claim 14 further comprising the step of reacting said second metal-peroxy acid product with a lower carbon alcohol to form a peroxyester-second metal derivative prior to mixing with said peroxyester-transition metal derivative.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
28 words
A method in accordance with claim 15 wherein said second metal is selected from the group consisting of tungsten, molybdenum, manganese, chromium, rhenium, iridium, nickel, silicon and titanium.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
23 words
A method in accordance with claim 16 wherein said organic acid is selected from the group consisting of acetic acid and propionic acid.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
77 words
A method in accordance with claim 17 wherein said transition metal is allowed to react with said hydrogen peroxide and an organic acid at a temperature of from about -10° C. to about 12° C. for a period of from about 18 to about 30 hours, and is then refluxed at from about 45° C. to about 60° C. for a period of from about 18 to about 10 hours to form said transition metal-peroxy acid product.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
35 words
A precursor for forming a coating for a substrate comprising a transition metal-peroxy acid product formed by: reacting a transition metal with hydrogen peroxide and an organic acid to form a transition metal-peroxy acid product.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
35 words
A precursor for forming a coating for a substrate comprising a transition metal-peroxy acid product formed by: reacting a transition metal with hydrogen peroxide and an organic acid to form a transition metal-peroxy acid product.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
13 words
The precursor of claim 19 wherein said transition metal-peroxy acid product is isolated.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
24 words
The precursor of claim 20 wherein said transition metal is selected from the group consisting of tungsten, molybdenum, manganese, chromium, rhenium, iridium and nickel.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
21 words
The precursor of claim 21 wherein said organic acid is selected from the group consisting of acetic acid and propionic acid.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
75 words
The precursor of claim 22 wherein said transition metal is allowed to react with said hydrogen peroxide and an organic acid at a temperature of from about -10° C. to about 12° C. for a period of from about 18 to about 30 hours, and is then refluxed at from about 45° C. to about 60° C. for a period of from about 18 to about 10 hours to form said transition metal-peroxy acid product.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
74 words
The precursor of claim 19 wherein said transition metal is allowed to react with said hydrogen peroxide and organic acid at a temperature of from about -10° C. to about 12° C. for a period of from about 18 to about 30 hours, and is then refluxed at from about 45° C. to about 60° C. for a period of from about 18 to about 10 hours, to form said transition metal-peroxy acid product.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
54 words
A precursor for forming a coating for a substrate by a coating technique selected from the group consisting of dip coating, spray coating and spin coating, said precursor comprising a transition metal-peroxy acid product formed by reacting a transition metal with hydrogen peroxide and an organic acid to form a transition metal-peroxy acid product.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
54 words
A precursor for forming a coating for a substrate by a coating technique selected from the group consisting of dip coating, spray coating and spin coating, said precursor comprising a transition metal-peroxy acid product formed by reacting a transition metal with hydrogen peroxide and an organic acid to form a transition metal-peroxy acid product.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
51 words
A precursor for forming a coating having electrochromic, electrically conducting, optical, wear-resistant or anti-reflective properties, or combinations of these properties, for a substrate, said precursor comprising a transition metal-peroxy acid product formed by reacting a transition metal with hydrogen peroxide and an organic acid to form a transition metal-peroxy acid product.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
51 words
A precursor for forming a coating having electrochromic, electrically conducting, optical, wear-resistant or anti-reflective properties, or combinations of these properties, for a substrate, said precursor comprising a transition metal-peroxy acid product formed by reacting a transition metal with hydrogen peroxide and an organic acid to form a transition metal-peroxy acid product.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
36 words
A precursor for forming a coating for a substrate comprising a transition metal-peroxy acid product formed by: reacting an oxidizable transition metal species with a solution of a mixture of hydrogen peroxide and an organic acid.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
36 words
A precursor for forming a coating for a substrate comprising a transition metal-peroxy acid product formed by: reacting an oxidizable transition metal species with a solution of a mixture of hydrogen peroxide and an organic acid.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
25 words
The precursor of claim 27, wherein said oxidizable transition metal species is selected from the group consisting of a metal halide and a metal carbide.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
14 words
The precursor of claim 28 wherein said oxidizable transition metal species is tungsten carbide.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
21 words
The precursor of claim 27 wherein said organic acid is selected from the group consisting of acetic acid and propionic acid.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
55 words
A precursor for forming a coating for a substrate by a coating technique selected from the group consisting of dip coating, spray coating and spin coating, said precursor comprising a transition metal-peroxy acid product formed by reacting an oxidizable transition metal species with a solution of a mixture of hydrogen peroxide and an organic acid.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
55 words
A precursor for forming a coating for a substrate by a coating technique selected from the group consisting of dip coating, spray coating and spin coating, said precursor comprising a transition metal-peroxy acid product formed by reacting an oxidizable transition metal species with a solution of a mixture of hydrogen peroxide and an organic acid.
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
52 words
A precursor for forming a coating having electrochromic, electrically conducting, optical, wear-resistant or anti-reflective properties, or combinations of these properties, for a substrate, said precursor comprising a transition metal-peroxy acid product formed by reacting an oxidizable transition metal species with a solution of a mixture of hydrogen peroxide and an organic acid.
Claim 40
Dependent Claim
52 words
A precursor for forming a coating having electrochromic, electrically conducting, optical, wear-resistant or anti-reflective properties, or combinations of these properties, for a substrate, said precursor comprising a transition metal-peroxy acid product formed by reacting an oxidizable transition metal species with a solution of a mixture of hydrogen peroxide and an organic acid.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
US3437515A
Cited
US4420500A
Cited
FR2527219A1
Cited
US4855161A
Cited
US4959247A
Cited
US5034246A
Cited
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1998-10-09 | 1999-04-10 | 1999-10-10 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 2002-10-09 | 2003-04-10 | 2003-10-10 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2006-10-09 | 2007-04-10 | 2007-10-10 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |