Patent US3124755A successfully refreshed from Google Patents.
Patent US5446759A successfully refreshed from Google Patents.
US5446759A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Information transmission system and method of operation
Assignee: NTP Inc
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Filing: 1993-08-26
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Granted: 1995-08-29
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Expires: 2013-08-26
Abstract
Abstract A system and method for transmission of information subject to fading by using a RF carrier modulated with a subcarrier modulated with the information. The system has a processor for providing first and second encoded information streams each comprising the information to be transmitted with the second stream being delayed by a time delay interval with respect to the first stream which is equal to or greater than the fading interval. The first and second information streams are modulated on cycles of the subcarrier to produce first and second parallel information streams. At least one receiver having a detector receives and detects the transmitted first and second parallel information streams. At least one processor determines if faded information is present in the detected first and second parallel information streams. The at least one processor places an error marker within the detected first and second parallel information streams to mark each faded information unit and controls replacement of each error marker within at least one of the first and second parallel information streams with replacement bits within one of the first and second parallel information streams which were time offset at transmission by the time delay interval to produce error free transmitted information.
Inventors
- 👤 Thomas J. Campana, Jr.
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-24 10:22
CPC Classifications
H; H04; H04L; H04L1/00; H04L1/02; H04B; H04B7/00; H04B7/02; H04B7/10; H04H; H04H20/00; H04H20/65; H04H20/67; H04L1/004; H04L27/00; H04L27/18; H04L27/22; H04L7/00; H04L7/04; H04L7/041; H04L7/042; H04W; H04W84/00; H04W84/02; H04W84/04; H04W84/042
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 247
Claim 1
Independent Claim
307 words
A transceiver for transmitting and receiving atmospherically transmitted information with the atmospherically received information being subject to atmospheric fading for a time interval and being modulated with a carrier modulated with a subcarrier with the subcarrier being modulated with identical first and second encoded information streams to produce first and second parallel information streams modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with the first parallel information stream containing the first encoded information stream and with the second parallel information stream containing the second encoded information stream with the parallel information streams being atmospherically transmitted with a time delay interval between the parallel information streams as modulated on the subcarrier which is equal to or greater than the time interval, the transceiver comprising: a detector for detecting the transmitted first and second parallel information streams; and at least one processor, responsive to the detected parallel streams, for determining if faded information is present in at least one of the detected first and second parallel information streams received by the transceiver, in response to determined faded information replacing the faded information caused by an atmospheric fade with replacement information from at least one of the first and second parallel information streams which is time offset at transmission from the faded information by the time delay interval and outputting error free atmospherically transmitted information including the replacement information; and wherein the at least one processor places an error marker within the detected first and second parallel information streams to mark each faded information unit within the faded information requiring replacement and controls replacement of each error marker within at least one of the first and second parallel information streams with replacement bits within one of the first and second parallel information streams which were time offset at transmission by the time delay interval to produce the error free atmospherically transmitted information.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
307 words
A transceiver for transmitting and receiving atmospherically transmitted information with the atmospherically received information being subject to atmospheric fading for a time interval and being modulated with a carrier modulated with a subcarrier with the subcarrier being modulated with identical first and second encoded information streams to produce first and second parallel information streams modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with the first parallel information stream containing the first encoded information stream and with the second parallel information stream containing the second encoded information stream with the parallel information streams being atmospherically transmitted with a time delay interval between the parallel information streams as modulated on the subcarrier which is equal to or greater than the time interval, the transceiver comprising: a detector for detecting the transmitted first and second parallel information streams; and at least one processor, responsive to the detected parallel streams, for determining if faded information is present in at least one of the detected first and second parallel information streams received by the transceiver, in response to determined faded information replacing the faded information caused by an atmospheric fade with replacement information from at least one of the first and second parallel information streams which is time offset at transmission from the faded information by the time delay interval and outputting error free atmospherically transmitted information including the replacement information; and wherein the at least one processor places an error marker within the detected first and second parallel information streams to mark each faded information unit within the faded information requiring replacement and controls replacement of each error marker within at least one of the first and second parallel information streams with replacement bits within one of the first and second parallel information streams which were time offset at transmission by the time delay interval to produce the error free atmospherically transmitted information.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
153 words
A transceiver in accordance with claim 1 wherein: the first and second encoded information streams each comprises frames of information with each frame having a plurality of bits encoding error correction information and a plurality of bits encoding the information with the error correction information of the first encoded information stream not being capable of correcting for a fade of the time interval producing faded information in the first parallel information stream and the error correction information of the second encoded information stream not being capable of correcting for a fade of the time interval producing faded information in the second parallel information stream; and the determination of faded information by the at least one processor is performed by determining that the error correction bits cannot correct an error detected by processing the first and second parallel information streams with an error correction routine using the plurality of bits of error correction information.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
178 words
A transceiver in accordance with claim 1 wherein: the at least one processor comprises a digital signal processor, coupled to the detector and to a control processor, the digital signal processor processing detected individual cycles of the subcarrier to calculate an integral of at least one selected modulated-part of each of the individual cycles, numerically comparing each of the calculated integrals with a plurality of stored numerical ranges which ranges each represent one of a plurality of possible numerical values that the selected part may encode to identify a stored range numerically including the calculated integral and substituting for the at least one selected part of each of the cycles the one of the plurality of numerical values representative of the identified stored range including the calculated integral with each numerical value encoding at least a part of an information unit in one of the first and second parallel information streams; and wherein the digital signal processor processes the first and second parallel information streams containing the substituted numerical values for determining if the faded information is present.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
179 words
A transceiver in accordance with claim 2 wherein: the at least one processor comprises a digital signal processor, coupled to the detector and to a control processor, the digital signal processor processing detected individual cycles of the subcarrier to calculate an integral of at least one selected modulated part of each of the individual cycles, numerically comparing each of the calculated integrals with a plurality of stored numerical ranges which ranges each represent one of a plurality of possible numerical values that the selected part may encode to identify a stored range numerically including the calculated integral and substituting for the at least one selected part of each of the cycles the one of the plurality of numerical values representative of the identified stored range including the calculated integral with each numerical value encoding at least a part of an information unit in one of the first and second parallel information streams; and wherein the digital signal processor processes the first and second parallel information streams containing the substituted numerical values for determining if the faded information is present.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
43 words
A transceiver in accordance with claim 1 wherein: bits of each of the first and second parallel information streams are modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with each cycle of the subcarrier being modulated by bits at a plurality of separated angular positions.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
44 words
A transceiver in accordance with claim 1 wherein: the first and second parallel information streams are modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with pulse width modulation with a width of parts of the subcarrier being modulated with the first and second encoded information streams.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
43 words
A transceiver in accordance with claim 2 wherein: bits of each of the first and second parallel information streams are modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with each cycle of the subcarrier being modulated by bits at a plurality of separated angular positions.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
46 words
A transceiver in accordance with claim 2 wherein: the first and second parallel information streams are modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with pulse width modulation with a width of parts of cycles of the subcarrier being modulated with the first and second encoded information streams.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
43 words
A transceiver in accordance with claim 3 wherein: bits of each of the first and second parallel information streams are modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with each cycle of the subcarrier being modulated by bits at a plurality of separated angular positions.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
47 words
A transceiver in accordance with claim 3 wherein: the first and second parallel information streams are modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with pulse width modulation with a width of parts of the cycles of the subcarrier being modulated with the first and second encoded information streams.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
44 words
A transceiver in accordance with claim 4 wherein: the first and second parallel information streams are modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with pulse width modulation with phases of the cycles of the subcarrier being modulated with the first and second encoded information streams.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
46 words
A transceiver in accordance with claim 4 wherein: the first and second parallel information streams are modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with pulse width modulation with a width of parts of cycles of the subcarrier being modulated with the first and second encoded information streams.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
31 words
A transceiver in accordance with claim 6 wherein: the pulse width modulation encodes a number within a range of numbers and the at least one processor decodes the range of numbers.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
15 words
A transceiver in accordance with claim 13 wherein: the range of numbers is between 1-16.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
24 words
A transceiver in accordance with claim 1 wherein: a single cycle of the subcarrier is modulated with the first and second encoded information streams.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
47 words
A transceiver in accordance with claim 1 wherein: a single cycle of the subcarrier is modulated only with the first encoded information stream and a single cycle of the subcarrier is modulated only with the second encoded information stream which is a subsequent cycle of the subcarrier.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
24 words
A transceiver in accordance with claim 2 wherein: a single cycle of the subcarrier is modulated with the first and second encoded information streams.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
47 words
A transceiver in accordance with claim 2 wherein: a single cycle of the subcarrier is modulated only with the first encoded information stream and a single cycle of the subcarrier is modulated only with the second encoded information stream which is a subsequent cycle of the subcarrier.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
24 words
A transceiver in accordance with claim 3 wherein: a single cycle of the subcarrier is modulated with the first and second encoded information streams.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
47 words
A transceiver in accordance with claim 3 wherein: a single cycle of the subcarrier is modulated only with the first encoded information stream and a single cycle of the subcarrier is modulated only with the second encoded information stream which is a subsequent cycle of the subcarrier.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
37 words
A transceiver in accordance with claim 15 wherein: the single cycle of the subcarrier modulated with the first and second encoded information streams contains part of a number of the bits encoding one unit of the information.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
36 words
A transceiver in accordance with claim 15 wherein: the single cycle of the subcarrier modulated with the first and second encoded information streams contains all of a number of bits encoding one unit of the information.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
28 words
A transceiver in accordance with claim 3 wherein: the at least one selected part is a plurality of separated angular positions within a 360° cycle of the subcarrier.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
22 words
A transceiver in accordance with claim 3 wherein: the at least one selected part is first and second halves of a squarewave.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
28 words
A transceiver in accordance with claim 4 wherein: the at least one selected part is a plurality of separated angular positions within a 360° cycle of the subcarrier.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
22 words
A transceiver in accordance with claim 4 wherein: the at least one selected part is first and second halves of a squarewave.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
109 words
A transceiver in accordance with claim 3 wherein: the calculation of the integral by the digital signal processor is made by taking a plurality of samples of each selected modulated part of each of the individual cycles with each sample having a numerical value and each sample is compared with a range of numerical values representing a valid sample which should be included within the calculation of the integral and when the comparison reveals that the sample value is outside the range of numerical values, the compared sample value is replaced with a value which is a function of the sample values adjacent the sample value which is replaced.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
45 words
A transceiver in accordance with claim 27 wherein: the compared sample value is replaced with a value which is an average of at least one sample value which precedes the compared sample value and at least one sample value which succeeds the compared sample value.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
109 words
A transceiver in accordance with claim 4 wherein: the calculation of the integral by the digital signal processor is made by taking a plurality of samples of each selected modulated part of each of the individual cycles with each sample having a numerical value and each sample is compared with a range of numerical values representing a valid sample which should be included within the calculation of the integral and when the comparison reveals that the sample value is outside the range of numerical values, the compared sample value is replaced with a value which is a function of the sample values adjacent the sample value which is replaced.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
44 words
A transceiver in accordance with claim 29 wherein: the compared sample value is replaced with a value which is an average of at least one sample value which precedes the compared sample value and at least one sample value succeeds the compared sample value.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
99 words
A transceiver in accordance with claim 1 wherein: the at least one processor comprises a digital signal processor, coupled to the detector and to a control processor, the digital processor processes detected individual cycles of the subcarrier modulated with the first and second parallel information streams to determine any similarity with predetermined stored patterns and modifies at least one of the first and second parallel information streams so that the digital signal processor determines if faded information is present by processing the first and second parallel information streams after modification with at least one of the predetermined stored patterns.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
112 words
A transceiver in accordance with claim 31 wherein: the processing by the digital signal processor includes calculation of an integral which is made by taking a plurality of samples of each selected modulated part of each of the individual cycles with each sample having a numerical value and each sample is compared with a range of numerical values representing a valid sample which should be included within the calculation of the integral and when the comparison reveals that the sample value is outside the range of numerical values, the compared sample value is replaced with a value which is a function of the sample values adjacent the sample value which is replaced.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
44 words
A transceiver in accordance with claim 32 wherein: the compared sample value is replaced with a value which is an average of at least one sample value which precedes the compared sample value and at least one sample value succeeds the compared sample value.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
100 words
A transceiver in accordance with claim 2 wherein: the at least one processor comprises a digital signal processor, coupled to the detector and to a control processor, the digital signal processor processes detected individual cycles of the subcarrier modulated with the first and second parallel information streams to determine any similarity with predetermined stored patterns and modifies at least one of the first and second parallel information streams so that the digital signal processor determines if faded information is present by processing the first and second parallel information streams after modification with at least one of the predetermined stored patterns.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
109 words
A transceiver in accordance with claim 34 wherein: the processing by the digital signal processor includes calculation of an integral by taking a plurality of samples of each selected modulated part of each of the individual cycles with each sample having a numerical value and each sample is compared with a range of numerical values representing a valid sample which should be included within the calculation of the integral and when the comparison reveals that the sample value is outside the range of numerical values, the compared sample value is replaced with a value which is a function of the sample values adjacent the sample value which is replaced.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
45 words
A transceiver in accordance with claim 35 wherein: the compared sample value is replaced with a value which is an average of at least one sample value which precedes the compared sample value and at least one sample value which succeeds the compared sample value.
Claim 38
Independent Claim
301 words
A method of receiving an atmospheric transmission of information with a transceiver which also transmits information and receives the atmospheric transmission of the information with the received information being subject to atmospheric fading for a time interval and being modulated with a radio frequency carrier modulated with a subcarrier with the subcarrier being modulated with identical first and second encoded information streams to produce identical first and second parallel information streams modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with the first parallel information stream containing the first encoded information stream and with the second parallel information stream containing the second encoded information stream with the parallel information streams being atmospherically transmitted with a time delay interval between the parallel streams as modulated on the subcarrier which is equal to or greater than the time interval comprising the steps: detecting the first and second parallel information streams which have been transmitted with the radio frequency carrier; determining if faded information is present in at least one of the detected first and second parallel information streams and in response to determined faded information replacing the faded information caused by an atmospheric fade with replacement information from one of the first and second parallel information streams which is time offset from the faded information by the time delay interval and outputting error free atmospherically transmitted information including the replacement information; and placing an error marker within the detected first and second parallel information streams to mark each faded information unit within the faded information requiring replacement and replacing each error marker within at least one of the first and second parallel information streams with replacement bits within one of the first and second parallel information streams which were time offset at transmission by the time delay interval to produce the error free atmospherically transmitted information.
Claim 39
Independent Claim
301 words
A method of receiving an atmospheric transmission of information with a transceiver which also transmits information and receives the atmospheric transmission of the information with the received information being subject to atmospheric fading for a time interval and being modulated with a radio frequency carrier modulated with a subcarrier with the subcarrier being modulated with identical first and second encoded information streams to produce identical first and second parallel information streams modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with the first parallel information stream containing the first encoded information stream and with the second parallel information stream containing the second encoded information stream with the parallel information streams being atmospherically transmitted with a time delay interval between the parallel streams as modulated on the subcarrier which is equal to or greater than the time interval comprising the steps: detecting the first and second parallel information streams which have been transmitted with the radio frequency carrier; determining if faded information is present in at least one of the detected first and second parallel information streams and in response to determined faded information replacing the faded information caused by an atmospheric fade with replacement information from one of the first and second parallel information streams which is time offset from the faded information by the time delay interval and outputting error free atmospherically transmitted information including the replacement information; and placing an error marker within the detected first and second parallel information streams to mark each faded information unit within the faded information requiring replacement and replacing each error marker within at least one of the first and second parallel information streams with replacement bits within one of the first and second parallel information streams which were time offset at transmission by the time delay interval to produce the error free atmospherically transmitted information.
Claim 40
Dependent Claim
153 words
A method of receiving an atmospheric transmission with a transceiver in accordance with claim 37 wherein: the first and second encoded information streams each comprises frames of information with each frame having a plurality of bits encoding error correction information and a plurality of bits encoding the information with the error correction information of the first encoded information stream not being capable of correcting for a fade of the time interval producing faded information in the first parallel information stream and the error correction information of the second encoded information stream not being capable of correcting for a fade of the time interval producing faded information in the second parallel information stream; and the determination of faded information is performed by determining that the error correction bits cannot correct an error detected by processing the first and second parallel information streams with an error correction routine using the plurality of error correction bits.
Claim 41
Dependent Claim
162 words
A method of receiving an atmospheric transmission with a transceiver in accordance with claim 67 further comprising: processing detected individual cycles of the subcarrier to calculate an integral of at least one selected modulated part of each of the individual cycles, numerically comparing each of the calculated integrals with a plurality of stored numerical ranges which ranges each represent one of a plurality of possible numerical values that the selected part may encode to identify a stored range numerically including the calculated integral and substituting for the at least one selected part of each of the cycles the one of the plurality of numerical values representative of the identified stored range including the calculated integral with each numerical value encoding at least a part of an information unit in one of the first and second parallel information streams; and wherein the first and second parallel information streams containing the substituted numerical values are processed for determining if the faded information is present.
Claim 42
Dependent Claim
162 words
A method of receiving an atmospheric transmission with a transceiver in accordance with claim 38 further comprising: processing detected individual cycles of the subcarrier to calculate an integral of at least one selected modulated part of each of the individual cycles, numerically comparing each of the calculated integrals with a plurality of stored numerical ranges which ranges each represent one of a plurality of possible numerical values that the selected part may encode to identify a stored range numerically including the calculated integral and substituting for the at least one selected part of each of the cycles the one of the plurality of numerical values representative of the identified stored range including the calculated integral with each numerical value encoding at least a part of an information unit in one of the first and second parallel information streams; and wherein the first and second parallel information streams containing the substituted numerical values are processed for determining if the faded information is present.
Claim 43
Dependent Claim
51 words
A method of receiving an atmospheric transmission with a transceiver in accordance with claim 37 wherein: bits of each of the first and second parallel information streams are modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with each cycle of the subcarrier being modulated by bits at a plurality of separated angular positions.
Claim 44
Dependent Claim
55 words
A method of receiving an atmospheric transmission with a transceiver in accordance with claim 37 wherein: the first and second parallel information streams are modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with pulse width modulation with a width of parts of the cycles of the subcarrier being modulated with the first and second encoded information streams.
Claim 45
Dependent Claim
51 words
A method of receiving an atmospheric transmission with a transceiver in accordance with claim 38 wherein: bits of each of the first and second parallel information streams are modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with each cycle of the subcarrier being modulated by bits at a plurality of separated angular positions.
Claim 46
Dependent Claim
51 words
A method of receiving an atmospheric transmission with a transceiver in accordance with claim 39 wherein: bits of each of the first and second parallel information streams are modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with each cycle of the subcarrier being modulated by bits at a plurality of separated angular positions.
Claim 47
Dependent Claim
51 words
A method of receiving an atmospheric transmission with a transceiver in accordance with claim 40 wherein: bits of each of the first and second parallel information streams are modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with each cycle of the subcarrier being modulated by bits at a plurality of separated angular positions.
Claim 48
Dependent Claim
55 words
A method of receiving an atmospheric transmission with a transceiver in accordance with claim 38 wherein: the first and second parallel information streams are modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with pulse width modulation with a width of parts of the cycles of the subcarrier being modulated with the first and second encoded information streams.
Claim 49
Dependent Claim
54 words
A method of receiving an atmospheric transmission with a transceiver in accordance with claim 39 wherein: the first and second parallel information streams are modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with pulse width modulation with a width of parts of cycles of the subcarrier being modulated with the first and second encoded information streams.
Claim 50
Dependent Claim
55 words
A method of receiving an atmospheric transmission with a transceiver in accordance with claim 40 wherein: the first and second parallel information streams are modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with pulse width modulation with a width of parts of the cycles of the subcarrier being modulated with the first and second encoded information streams.
Claim 51
Dependent Claim
32 words
A method of receiving an atmospheric transmission by a transceiver in accordance with claim 37 wherein: a single cycle of the subcarrier is modulated with the first and second encoded information streams.
Claim 52
Dependent Claim
46 words
A method of receiving an atmospheric transmission by a transceiver in accordance with claim 39 wherein: a cycle of the subcarrier is modulated only with the first encoded information stream and a subsequent cycle of the subcarrier is modulated only with the second encoded information stream.
Claim 53
Dependent Claim
69 words
A method of receiving an atmospheric transmission by a transceiver in accordance with claim 49 wherein: the single cycle of the subcarrier modulated with the first encoded information stream contains part of a number of bits encoding one unit of the information and the single cycle of the subcarrier modulated with the second encoded information stream contains part of the number of bits encoding one unit of the information.
Claim 54
Dependent Claim
69 words
A method of receiving an atmospheric transmission by a transceiver in accordance with claim 49 wherein: the single cycle of the subcarrier modulated with the first encoded information stream contains all of a number of bits encoding one unit of the information and the single cycle of the subcarrier modulated with the second encoded information stream contains all of the number of bits encoding one unit of the information.
Claim 55
Dependent Claim
32 words
A method of receiving an atmospheric transmission with a transceiver in accordance with claim 38 wherein: a single cycle of the subcarrier is modulated with the first and second encoded information streams.
Claim 56
Dependent Claim
46 words
A method of receiving an atmospheric transmission with a transceiver in accordance with claim 38 wherein: a cycle of the subcarrier is modulated only with the first encoded information stream and a subsequent cycle of the subcarrier is modulated only with the second encoded information stream.
Claim 57
Dependent Claim
66 words
A method of receiving an atmospheric transmission with a transceiver in accordance with claim 53 wherein: the single cycle of the subcarrier modulated with the first encoded information stream contains part of a number of bits encoding one unit of the information and the single cycle modulated with the second encoded information stream contains part of the number of bits encoding one unit of the information.
Claim 58
Dependent Claim
69 words
A method of receiving an atmospheric transmission with a transceiver in accordance with claim 53 wherein: the single cycle of the subcarrier modulated with the first encoded information stream contains part of a number of bits encoding one unit of the information and the single cycle of the subcarrier modulated with the second encoded information stream contains part of the number of bits encoding one unit of the information.
Claim 59
Dependent Claim
32 words
A method of receiving an atmospheric transmission with a transceiver in accordance with claim 39 wherein: a single cycle of the subcarrier is modulated with the first and second encoded information streams.
Claim 60
Dependent Claim
46 words
A method of receiving an atmospheric transmission with a transceiver in accordance with claim 39 wherein: a cycle of the subcarrier is modulated only with the first encoded information stream and a subsequent cycle of the subcarrier is modulated only with the second encoded information stream.
Claim 61
Dependent Claim
69 words
A method of receiving an atmospheric transmission with a transceiver in accordance with claim 57 wherein: the single cycle of the subcarrier modulated with the first encoded information stream contains part of a number of bits encoding one unit of the information and the single cycle of the subcarrier modulated with the second encoded information stream contains part of the number of bits encoding one unit of the information.
Claim 62
Dependent Claim
69 words
A method of receiving an atmospheric transmission with a transceiver in accordance with claim 57 wherein: the single cycle of the subcarrier modulated with the first encoded information stream contains part of a number of bits encoding one unit of the information and the single cycle of the subcarrier modulated with the second encoded information stream contains part of the number of bits encoding one unit of the information.
Claim 63
Dependent Claim
36 words
A method of receiving an atmospheric transmission with a transceiver in accordance with claim 39 wherein: the at least one selected part is a plurality of separated angular positions within a 360° cycle of the subcarrier.
Claim 64
Dependent Claim
30 words
A method of receiving an atmospheric transmission with a transceiver in accordance with claim 39 wherein: the at least one selected part is first and second halves of a squarewave.
Claim 65
Dependent Claim
36 words
A method of receiving an atmospheric transmission with a transceiver in accordance with claim 40 wherein: the at least one selected part is a plurality of separated angular positions within a 360° cycle of the subcarrier.
Claim 66
Dependent Claim
30 words
A method of receiving an atmospheric transmission with a transceiver in accordance with claim 40 wherein: the at least one selected part is first and second halves of a squarewave.
Claim 67
Dependent Claim
104 words
A method in accordance with claim 39 wherein: the calculation of the integral is made by taking a plurality of samples of each selected modulated part of each of the individual cycles with each sample having a numerical value and each sample is compared with a range of numerical values representing a valid sample which should be included within the calculation of the integral and when the comparison reveals that the sample value is outside the range of numerical values, the compared sample value is replaced with a value which is a function of the sample values adjacent the sample value which is replaced.
Claim 68
Dependent Claim
45 words
A method in accordance with claim 65 wherein: the compared sample value is replaced with a value which is an average of at least one sample value which precedes the compared sample value and at least one sample value which succeeds the compared sample value.
Claim 69
Dependent Claim
104 words
A method in accordance with claim 40 wherein: the calculation of the integral is made by taking a plurality of samples of each selected modulated part of each of the individual cycles with each sample having a numerical value and each sample is compared with a range of numerical values representing a valid sample which should be included within the calculation of the integral and when the comparison reveals that the sample value is outside the range of numerical values, the compared sample value is replaced with a value which is a function of the sample values adjacent the sample value which is replaced.
Claim 70
Dependent Claim
45 words
A method in accordance with claim 67 wherein: the compared sample value is replaced with a value which is an average of at least one sample value which precedes the compared sample value and at least one sample value which succeeds the compared sample value.
Claim 71
Dependent Claim
75 words
A method in accordance with claim 37 further comprising: processing individual cycles of the subcarrier modulated with the first and second parallel information streams to determine any similarity with stored predetermined patterns and modifying at least one of first and second detected parallel information streams so that determination if faded information is present is by processing the detected first and second parallel information streams after modification with at least one of the predetermined stored patterns.
Claim 72
Dependent Claim
110 words
A method in accordance with claim 69 wherein: the processing of the individual cycles of the subcarrier includes calculating an integral by taking a plurality of samples of each selected modulated part of each of the individual cycles with each sample having a numerical value and each sample is compared with a range of numerical values representing a valid sample which should be included within the calculation of the integral and when the comparison reveals that the sample value is outside the range of numerical values, the compared sample value is replaced with a value which is a function of the sample values adjacent the sample value which is replaced.
Claim 73
Dependent Claim
45 words
A method in accordance with claim 70 wherein: the compared sample value is replaced with a value which is an average of at least one sample value which precedes the compared sample value and at least one sample value which succeeds the compared sample value.
Claim 74
Dependent Claim
402 words
A two-way transmission system comprising a transceiver and a base station atmospherically transmitting information between the transceiver and the base station with the transmission of the information from the base station to the transceiver being subject to fading for a time interval and using a radio frequency carrier modulated with a subcarrier wherein: the base station has an encoding processor, responsive to a source of information, for providing a first encoded information stream which comprises the information to be atmospherically transmitted and a second encoded information stream which also comprises the information to be atmospherically transmitted with the second information stream being delayed by a time delay interval with respect to the first information stream which is equal to or greater than the time interval of the atmospheric fading and an encoder, responsive to the first and second encoded information streams, for modulating the subcarrier with the first and second encoded information streams to produce identical first and second parallel information streams modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with the first parallel information stream containing the first encoded information stream, the second parallel information containing the second encoded information stream and with the first parallel information stream as modulated on the subcarrier being time displaced from the second parallel information stream by the time delay interval; and the transceiver has a detector for detecting transmitted first and second parallel information streams and at least one processor, responsive to the detected parallel information streams, for determining if faded information is present in at least one of the detected first and second parallel information streams received by the transceiver, in response to determined faded information replacing the faded information caused by an atmospheric fade with replacement information from one of the first and second parallel information streams which is time offset by the time delay interval from the faded information, and outputting error free atmospherically transmitted information including the replacement information; and wherein the at least one processor places an error marker within the detected first and second parallel information streams to mark each faded information unit within the faded information requiring replacement and controls replacement of each error marker within at least one of the first and second parallel information streams with replacement bits within one of the first and second parallel information streams which were time offset at transmission by the time delay interval to produce the error free atmospherically transmitted information.
Claim 75
Dependent Claim
402 words
A two-way transmission system comprising a transceiver and a base station atmospherically transmitting information between the transceiver and the base station with the transmission of the information from the base station to the transceiver being subject to fading for a time interval and using a radio frequency carrier modulated with a subcarrier wherein: the base station has an encoding processor, responsive to a source of information, for providing a first encoded information stream which comprises the information to be atmospherically transmitted and a second encoded information stream which also comprises the information to be atmospherically transmitted with the second information stream being delayed by a time delay interval with respect to the first information stream which is equal to or greater than the time interval of the atmospheric fading and an encoder, responsive to the first and second encoded information streams, for modulating the subcarrier with the first and second encoded information streams to produce identical first and second parallel information streams modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with the first parallel information stream containing the first encoded information stream, the second parallel information containing the second encoded information stream and with the first parallel information stream as modulated on the subcarrier being time displaced from the second parallel information stream by the time delay interval; and the transceiver has a detector for detecting transmitted first and second parallel information streams and at least one processor, responsive to the detected parallel information streams, for determining if faded information is present in at least one of the detected first and second parallel information streams received by the transceiver, in response to determined faded information replacing the faded information caused by an atmospheric fade with replacement information from one of the first and second parallel information streams which is time offset by the time delay interval from the faded information, and outputting error free atmospherically transmitted information including the replacement information; and wherein the at least one processor places an error marker within the detected first and second parallel information streams to mark each faded information unit within the faded information requiring replacement and controls replacement of each error marker within at least one of the first and second parallel information streams with replacement bits within one of the first and second parallel information streams which were time offset at transmission by the time delay interval to produce the error free atmospherically transmitted information.
Claim 76
Dependent Claim
146 words
A system in accordance with claim 72 wherein: the first and second encoded information streams each comprise frames of information with each frame having a plurality of bits encoding error correction information and a plurality of bits encoding the information with the error correction information not being capable of correcting for a fade of the time interval producing faded information in the first parallel information stream and the error correction information of the second encoded information stream not being capable of correcting for a fade of the time interval producing faded information in the second parallel stream; and the determination of faded information by the at least one processor is performed by determining that the error correction bits cannot correct an error detected by processing the first and second parallel information streams with an error correction routine using the plurality of bits of error correction information.
Claim 77
Dependent Claim
179 words
A system in accordance with claim 72 wherein: the at least one processor comprises a digital signal processor, coupled to the detector and to a control processor, the digital signal processor processing detected individual cycles of the subcarrier to calculate an integral of at least one selected modulated part of each of the individual cycles, numerically comparing each of the calculated integrals with a plurality of stored numerical ranges which ranges each represent one of a plurality of possible numerical values that the selected part may encode to identify a stored range numerically including the calculated integral and substituting for the at least one selected part of each of the cycles the one of the plurality of numerical values representative of the identified stored range including the calculated integral with each numerical value encoding at least a part of an information unit in one of the first and second parallel information streams; and wherein the digital signal processor processes the first and second parallel information streams containing the substituted numerical values for determining if the faded information is present.
Claim 78
Dependent Claim
178 words
A system in accordance with claim 73 wherein: the at least one processor comprises a digital signal processor, coupled to the detector and to a control processor, the digital signal processor processing detected individual cycles of the subcarrier to calculate an integral of at least one selected modulated part of each of the individual cycles, numerically comparing each of the calculated integrals with a plurality of stored numerical ranges which ranges each represent one of a plurality of possible numerical values that the selected part may encode to identify a stored range numerically including the calculated integral and substituting for the at least one selected part of each of the cycles the one of the plurality of numerical values representative of the identified stored range including the calculated integral with each numerical value encoding at least a part of an information unit in one the first and second parallel information streams; and wherein the digital signal processor processes the first and second parallel information streams containing the substituted numerical values for determining if the faded information is present.
Claim 79
Dependent Claim
43 words
A system in accordance with claim 72 wherein: bits of each of the first and second parallel information streams are modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with each cycle of the subcarrier being modulated by bits at a plurality of separated angular positions.
Claim 80
Dependent Claim
47 words
A system in accordance with claim 72 wherein: the first and second encoded information streams are modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with pulse width modulation with a width of parts of the cycles of the subcarrier being modulated with the first and second encoded information streams.
Claim 81
Dependent Claim
43 words
A system in accordance with claim 73 wherein: bits of each of the first and second parallel information streams are modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with each cycle of the subcarrier being modulated by bits at a plurality of separated angular positions.
Claim 82
Dependent Claim
43 words
A system in accordance with claim 74 wherein: bits of each of the first and second parallel information streams are modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with each cycle of the subcarrier being modulated by bits at a plurality of separated angular positions.
Claim 83
Dependent Claim
43 words
A system in accordance with claim 75 wherein: bits of each of the first and second parallel information streams are modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with each cycle of the subcarrier being modulated by bits at a plurality of separated angular positions.
Claim 84
Dependent Claim
46 words
A system in accordance with claim 73 wherein: the first and second encoded information streams are modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with pulse width modulation with a width of parts of cycles of the subcarrier being modulated with the first and second encoded information streams.
Claim 85
Dependent Claim
46 words
A system in accordance with claim 74 wherein: the first and second encoded information streams are modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with pulse width modulation with a width of parts of cycles of the subcarrier being modulated with the first and second encoded information streams.
Claim 86
Dependent Claim
46 words
A system in accordance with claim 75 wherein: the first and second encoded information streams are modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with pulse width modulation with a width of parts of cycles of the subcarrier being modulated with the first and second encoded information streams.
Claim 87
Dependent Claim
31 words
A system in accordance with claim 77 wherein: the pulse width modulation encodes a number within a range of numbers and the at least one processor decodes the range of numbers.
Claim 88
Dependent Claim
15 words
A system in accordance with claim 84 wherein: the range of numbers is between 1-16.
Claim 89
Dependent Claim
109 words
A system in accordance with claim 74 wherein: the calculation of the integral by the digital signal processor is made by taking a plurality of samples of each selected modulated part of each of the individual cycles with each sample having a numerical value and each sample is compared with a range of numerical values representing a valid sample which should be included within the calculation of the integral and when the comparison reveals that the sample value is outside the range of numerical values, the compared sample value is replaced with a value which is a function of the sample values adjacent the sample value which is replaced.
Claim 90
Dependent Claim
45 words
A system in accordance with claim 86 wherein: the compared sample value is replaced with a value which is an average of at least one sample value which precedes the compared sample value and at least one sample value which succeeds the compared sample value.
Claim 91
Dependent Claim
109 words
A system in accordance with claim 75 wherein: the calculation of the integral by the digital signal processor is made by taking a plurality of samples of each selected modulated part of each of the individual cycles with each sample having a numerical value and each sample is compared with a range of numerical values representing a valid sample which should be included within the calculation of the integral and when the comparison reveals that the sample value is outside the range of numerical values, the compared sample value is replaced with a value which is a function of the sample values adjacent the sample value which is replaced.
Claim 92
Dependent Claim
45 words
A system in accordance with claim 88 wherein: the compared sample value is replaced with a value which is an average of at least one sample value which precedes the compared sample value and at least one sample value which succeeds the compared sample value.
Claim 93
Dependent Claim
100 words
A system in accordance with claim 72 further comprising: the at least one processor comprises a digital signal processor, coupled to the detector and a control processor, the digital signal processor processes detected individual cycles of the subcarrier modulated with the first and second parallel information streams to determine any similarity with predetermined stored patterns and modifies at least one of the first and second parallel information streams so that the digital signal processor determines if faded information is present by processing the first and second parallel information streams after modification with at least one of the predetermined stored patterns.
Claim 94
Dependent Claim
110 words
A system in accordance with claim 90 wherein: the processing of the individual cycles of the subcarrier includes calculating an integral by taking a plurality of samples of each selected modulated part of each of the individual cycles with each sample having a numerical value and each sample is compared with a range of numerical values representing a valid sample which should be included within the calculation of the integral and when the comparison reveals that the sample value is outside the range of numerical values, the compared sample value is replaced with a value which is a function of the sample values adjacent the sample value which is replaced.
Claim 95
Dependent Claim
45 words
A system in accordance with claim 91 wherein: the compared sample value is replaced with a value which is an average of at least one sample value which precedes the compared sample value and at least one sample value which succeeds the compared sample value.
Claim 96
Dependent Claim
99 words
A system in accordance with claim 73 further comprising: the at least one processor comprises a digital signal processor, coupled to the detector and a control processor, the digital signal processor processes detected individual cycles of the subcarrier modulated with the first and second parallel information streams to determine any similarity with predetermined stored patterns and modifies at least one of the first and second parallel information streams so that the signal processor determines if faded information is present by processing the first and second parallel information streams after modification with at least one of the predetermined stored patterns.
Claim 97
Dependent Claim
110 words
A transceiver in accordance with claim 93 wherein: the processing of the individual cycles of the subcarrier includes calculating an integral by taking a plurality of samples of each selected modulated part of each of the individual cycles with each sample having a numerical value and each sample is compared with a range of numerical values representing a valid sample which should be included within the calculation of the integral and when the comparison reveals that the sample value is outside the range of numerical values, the compared sample value is replaced with a value which is a function of the sample values adjacent the sample value which is replaced.
Claim 98
Dependent Claim
45 words
A transceiver in accordance with claim 94 wherein: the compared sample value is replaced with a value which is an average of at least one sample value which precedes the compared sample value and at least one sample value which succeeds the compared sample value.
Claim 99
Independent Claim
348 words
A method of two-way atmospheric transmission of information between a transceiver and a base station with the transmission of the information from the base station to the transceiver being subject to fading for a time interval and using a radio frequency carrier modulated with a subcarrier comprising: providing a first encoded information stream which comprises the information to be atmospherically transmitted from the base station to the transceiver and a second encoded information stream which also comprises the information to be atmospherically transmitted from the base station to the transceiver with the second information stream being delayed in time by a time delay interval with respect to the first information stream which is equal to or greater than the time interval of the atmospheric fading and modulating the subcarrier with the first and second encoded information streams to produce identical first and second parallel information streams modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with the first parallel information stream containing the first encoded information stream, with the second parallel information stream containing the second encoded information stream and with the first parallel information stream as modulated on the subcarrier being time displaced from the second parallel information stream by the time delay interval; determining if faded information is present in at least one of the detected first and second parallel information streams, in response to determined faded information replacing the faded information caused by an atmospheric fade with replacement information from one of the first and second parallel information streams which is time offset by the time delay interval from the faded information and outputting error free atmospherically transmitted information including the replacement information; and placing an error marker within the detected first and second parallel information streams to mark each faded information unit within the faded information requiring replacement and replacing each error marker within at least one of the first and second parallel information streams with replacement bits within one of the first and second parallel information streams which were time offset at transmission by the time delay interval to produce the error free atmospherically transmitted information.
Claim 100
Independent Claim
348 words
A method of two-way atmospheric transmission of information between a transceiver and a base station with the transmission of the information from the base station to the transceiver being subject to fading for a time interval and using a radio frequency carrier modulated with a subcarrier comprising: providing a first encoded information stream which comprises the information to be atmospherically transmitted from the base station to the transceiver and a second encoded information stream which also comprises the information to be atmospherically transmitted from the base station to the transceiver with the second information stream being delayed in time by a time delay interval with respect to the first information stream which is equal to or greater than the time interval of the atmospheric fading and modulating the subcarrier with the first and second encoded information streams to produce identical first and second parallel information streams modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with the first parallel information stream containing the first encoded information stream, with the second parallel information stream containing the second encoded information stream and with the first parallel information stream as modulated on the subcarrier being time displaced from the second parallel information stream by the time delay interval; determining if faded information is present in at least one of the detected first and second parallel information streams, in response to determined faded information replacing the faded information caused by an atmospheric fade with replacement information from one of the first and second parallel information streams which is time offset by the time delay interval from the faded information and outputting error free atmospherically transmitted information including the replacement information; and placing an error marker within the detected first and second parallel information streams to mark each faded information unit within the faded information requiring replacement and replacing each error marker within at least one of the first and second parallel information streams with replacement bits within one of the first and second parallel information streams which were time offset at transmission by the time delay interval to produce the error free atmospherically transmitted information.
Claim 101
Dependent Claim
139 words
A method in accordance with claim 96 wherein: the first and second encoded information streams each comprise frames of information with each frame having a plurality of bits encoding error correction information and a plurality of bits encoding the information with the error correction information not being capable of correcting for a fade of the time interval producing faded information in the first parallel information stream and the error correction information of the second encoded information stream not being capable of correcting for a fade of the time interval producing faded information in the second parallel information stream; and the determination of faded information is performed by determining that the error correction bits cannot correct an error detected by processing the first and second parallel information streams with an error correction routine using the plurality of error correction bits.
Claim 102
Dependent Claim
154 words
A method in accordance with claim 96 further comprising: processing detected individual cycles of the subcarrier to calculate an integral of at least one selected modulated part of each of the individual cycles, numerically comparing each of the calculated integrals with a plurality of stored numerical ranges which ranges each represent one of a plurality of possible numerical values that the selected part may encode to identify a stored range numerically including the calculated integral and substituting for the at least one selected part of each of the cycles the one of the plurality of numerical values representative of the identified stored range including the calculated integral with each numerical value encoding at least a part of an information unit in one of the first and second parallel information streams; and wherein the first and second parallel information streams containing the substituted numerical values are processed for determining if the faded information is present.
Claim 103
Dependent Claim
154 words
A method in accordance with claim 97 further comprising: processing detected individual cycles of the subcarrier to calculate an integral of at least one selected modulated part of each of the individual cycles, numerically comparing each of the calculated integrals with a plurality of stored numerical ranges which ranges each represent one of a plurality of possible numerical values that the selected part may encode to identify a stored range numerically including the calculated integral and substituting for the at least one selected part of each of the cycles the one of the plurality of numerical values representative of the identified stored range including the calculated integral with each numerical value encoding at least a part of an information unit in one of the first and second parallel information streams; and wherein the first and second parallel information streams containing the substituted numerical values are processed for determining if the faded information is present.
Claim 104
Dependent Claim
43 words
A method in accordance with claim 96 wherein: bits of each of the first and second parallel information streams are modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with each cycle of the subcarrier being modulated by bits at a plurality of separated angular positions.
Claim 105
Dependent Claim
47 words
A method in accordance with claim 96 wherein: the first and second encoded information streams are modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with pulse width modulation with a width of parts of the cycles of the subcarrier being modulated with the first and second encoded information streams.
Claim 106
Dependent Claim
43 words
A method in accordance with claim 97 wherein: bits of each of the first and second parallel information streams are modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with each cycle of the subcarrier being modulated by bits at a plurality of separated angular positions.
Claim 107
Dependent Claim
43 words
A method in accordance with claim 98 wherein: bits of each of the first and second parallel information streams are modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with each cycle of the subcarrier being modulated by bits at a plurality of separated angular positions.
Claim 108
Dependent Claim
42 words
A method in accordance with claim 99 wherein: bits of each of the first and second parallel information streams are modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with each cycle of the subcarrier being modulated by bits at plurality of separated angular positions.
Claim 109
Dependent Claim
43 words
A method in accordance with claim 97 wherein: the first and second encoded information streams are modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with pulse width modulation with a width of parts of the subcarrier being modulated with first and second encoded information streams.
Claim 110
Dependent Claim
46 words
A method in accordance with claim 98 wherein: the first and second encoded information streams are modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with pulse width modulation with a width of parts of cycles of the subcarrier being modulated with the first and second encoded information streams.
Claim 111
Dependent Claim
46 words
A method in accordance with claim 99 wherein: the first and second encoded information streams are modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with pulse width modulation with a width of parts of cycles of the subcarrier being modulated with the first and second encoded information streams.
Claim 112
Dependent Claim
104 words
A method in accordance with claim 98 wherein: the calculation of the integral is made by taking a plurality of samples of each selected modulated part of each of the individual cycles with each sample having a numerical value and each sample is compared with a range of numerical values representing a valid sample which should be included within the calculation of the integral and when the comparison reveals that the sample value is outside the range of numerical values, the compared sample value is replaced with a value which is a function of the sample values adjacent the sample value which is replaced.
Claim 113
Dependent Claim
45 words
A method in accordance with claim 108 wherein: the compared sample value is replaced with a value which is an average of at least one sample value which precedes the compared sample value and at least one sample value which succeeds the compared sample value.
Claim 114
Dependent Claim
110 words
A method in accordance with claim 99 wherein: the processing of the individual cycles of the subcarrier includes calculating an integral by taking a plurality of samples of each selected modulated part of each of the individual cycles with each sample having a numerical value and each sample is compared with a range of numerical values representing a valid sample which should be included within the calculation of the integral and when the comparison reveals that the sample value is outside the range of numerical values, the compared sample value is replaced with a value which is a function of the sample values adjacent the sample value which is replaced.
Claim 115
Dependent Claim
45 words
A method in accordance with claim 110 wherein: the compared sample value is replaced with a value which is an average of at least one sample value which precedes the compared sample value and at least one sample value which succeeds the compared sample value.
Claim 116
Dependent Claim
75 words
A method in accordance with claim 97 further comprising: processing individual cycles of the subcarrier modulated with the first and second parallel information streams to determine any similarity with stored predetermined patterns and modifying at least one of first and second detected parallel information streams so that determination if faded information is present is by processing the detected first and second parallel information streams after modification with at least one of the predetermined stored patterns.
Claim 117
Dependent Claim
110 words
A method in accordance with claim 112 wherein: the processing of the individual cycles of the subcarrier includes calculating an integral by taking a plurality of samples of each selected modulated part of each of the individual cycles with each sample having a numerical value and each sample is compared with a range of numerical values representing a valid sample which should be included within the calculation of the integral and when the comparison reveals that the sample value is outside the range of numerical values, the compared sample value is replaced with a value which is a function of the sample values adjacent the sample value which is replaced.
Claim 118
Dependent Claim
45 words
A method in accordance with claim 113 wherein: the compared sample value is replaced with a value which is an average of at least one sample value which precedes the compared sample value and at least one sample value which succeeds the compared sample value.
Claim 119
Dependent Claim
451 words
Receiving circuitry which receives atmospherically transmitted information with the received atmospherically transmitted information being subject atmospheric fading for a time interval and being modulated with a carrier modulated with a subcarrier with the subcarrier being modulated with identical first and second encoded information streams to produce identical first and second parallel information streams modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with the first parallel information stream containing the first encoded information stream and with the second parallel information stream containing the second encoded information stream with the parallel information streams being atmospherically transmitted with a time delay interval between the parallel information streams as modulated on the subcarrier which is equal to or greater than the time interval, the receiving circuitry comprising: a detector for detecting the transmitted first and second parallel information streams; a processor, responsive to the detected first and second parallel information streams, for determining if faded information is present in at least one of the detected first and second parallel information streams received by the receiving circuitry, in response to determined faded information replacing the faded information caused by an atmospheric fade with replacement information from at least one of the first and second parallel information streams which is time offset from the faded information by the time delay interval, and outputting error free atmospherically transmitted information including the replacement information; and wherein the processor places an error marker within the detected first and second parallel information streams to mark each faded information unit within the faded information requiring replacement and controls replacement of each error marker within at least one of the first and second parallel information streams with replacement bits within one of the first and second parallel information streams which were time offset at transmission by the time delay interval to produce the error free atmospherically transmitted information; the processor processes detected individual cycles of the subcarrier to calculate an integral of at least one selected modulated part of each of the individual cycles, numerically compares each of the calculated integrals with a plurality of stored numerical ranges which ranges each represent one of a plurality of possible numerical values that the selected part may encode to identify a stored range numerically including the calculated integral and substitutes for the at least one selected part of each of the cycles the one of the plurality of numerical values representative of the identified stored range including the calculated integral with each numerical value encoding at least a part of an information unit in one of the first and second parallel information streams; and the processor processes the first and second parallel information streams containing the substituted numerical values for determining if the faded information is present.
Claim 120
Dependent Claim
451 words
Receiving circuitry which receives atmospherically transmitted information with the received atmospherically transmitted information being subject atmospheric fading for a time interval and being modulated with a carrier modulated with a subcarrier with the subcarrier being modulated with identical first and second encoded information streams to produce identical first and second parallel information streams modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with the first parallel information stream containing the first encoded information stream and with the second parallel information stream containing the second encoded information stream with the parallel information streams being atmospherically transmitted with a time delay interval between the parallel information streams as modulated on the subcarrier which is equal to or greater than the time interval, the receiving circuitry comprising: a detector for detecting the transmitted first and second parallel information streams; a processor, responsive to the detected first and second parallel information streams, for determining if faded information is present in at least one of the detected first and second parallel information streams received by the receiving circuitry, in response to determined faded information replacing the faded information caused by an atmospheric fade with replacement information from at least one of the first and second parallel information streams which is time offset from the faded information by the time delay interval, and outputting error free atmospherically transmitted information including the replacement information; and wherein the processor places an error marker within the detected first and second parallel information streams to mark each faded information unit within the faded information requiring replacement and controls replacement of each error marker within at least one of the first and second parallel information streams with replacement bits within one of the first and second parallel information streams which were time offset at transmission by the time delay interval to produce the error free atmospherically transmitted information; the processor processes detected individual cycles of the subcarrier to calculate an integral of at least one selected modulated part of each of the individual cycles, numerically compares each of the calculated integrals with a plurality of stored numerical ranges which ranges each represent one of a plurality of possible numerical values that the selected part may encode to identify a stored range numerically including the calculated integral and substitutes for the at least one selected part of each of the cycles the one of the plurality of numerical values representative of the identified stored range including the calculated integral with each numerical value encoding at least a part of an information unit in one of the first and second parallel information streams; and the processor processes the first and second parallel information streams containing the substituted numerical values for determining if the faded information is present.
Claim 121
Dependent Claim
546 words
A two-way transmission system comprising a transceiver and a base station atmospherically transmitting information between the transceiver and the base station with the transmission of the information from the base station to the transceiver being subject to fading for a time interval and using a radio frequency carrier modulated with a subcarrier wherein: the base station has a processor, responsive to a source of information, for providing a first encoded information stream which comprises the information to be atmospherically transmitted and a second encoded information stream which also comprises the information to be atmospherically transmitted with the second information stream being delayed by a time delay interval with respect to the first information stream which is equal to or greater than the time interval of the atmospheric fading and an encoder, responsive to the first and second encoded information streams, for modulating the subcarrier with the first and second encoded information streams to produce identical first and second parallel information streams modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with the first parallel information stream containing the first encoded information stream, the second parallel information containing the second encoded information stream and with the first parallel information stream as modulated on the subcarrier being time displaced from the second parallel information stream by the time delay interval; the transceiver has a detector for detecting transmitted first and second parallel information streams and a processor, responsive to the detected first and second parallel information streams, for determining if faded information is present in at least one of the detected first and second parallel information streams, in response to determined faded information replacing the faded information caused by an atmospheric fade with replacement information from at least one of the first and second parallel information streams which is time offset from the faded information by the time delay interval, and outputting error free atmospherically transmitted information including the replacement information; and wherein the transceiver processor places an error marker within the detected first and second parallel information streams to mark each faded information unit within the faded information requiring replacement and controls replacement of each error marker within at least one of the first and second parallel information streams with replacement bits within one of the first and second parallel information streams which were time offset at transmission by the time delay interval to produce the error free atmospherically transmitted information; the transceiver processor processes detected individual cycles of the subcarrier to calculate an integral of at least one selected modulated part of each of the individual cycles, numerically compares each of the calculated integrals with a plurality of stored numerical ranges which ranges each represent one of a plurality of possible numerical values that the selected part may encode to identify a stored range numerically including the calculated integral and substitutes for the at least one selected part of each of the cycles the one of the plurality of numerical values representative of the identified range including the calculated stored integral with each numerical value encoding at least a part of an information unit in one of the first and second parallel information streams; and the transceiver processor processes the first and second parallel information streams containing the substituted numerical values for determining if the faded information is present.
Claim 122
Dependent Claim
546 words
A two-way transmission system comprising a transceiver and a base station atmospherically transmitting information between the transceiver and the base station with the transmission of the information from the base station to the transceiver being subject to fading for a time interval and using a radio frequency carrier modulated with a subcarrier wherein: the base station has a processor, responsive to a source of information, for providing a first encoded information stream which comprises the information to be atmospherically transmitted and a second encoded information stream which also comprises the information to be atmospherically transmitted with the second information stream being delayed by a time delay interval with respect to the first information stream which is equal to or greater than the time interval of the atmospheric fading and an encoder, responsive to the first and second encoded information streams, for modulating the subcarrier with the first and second encoded information streams to produce identical first and second parallel information streams modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with the first parallel information stream containing the first encoded information stream, the second parallel information containing the second encoded information stream and with the first parallel information stream as modulated on the subcarrier being time displaced from the second parallel information stream by the time delay interval; the transceiver has a detector for detecting transmitted first and second parallel information streams and a processor, responsive to the detected first and second parallel information streams, for determining if faded information is present in at least one of the detected first and second parallel information streams, in response to determined faded information replacing the faded information caused by an atmospheric fade with replacement information from at least one of the first and second parallel information streams which is time offset from the faded information by the time delay interval, and outputting error free atmospherically transmitted information including the replacement information; and wherein the transceiver processor places an error marker within the detected first and second parallel information streams to mark each faded information unit within the faded information requiring replacement and controls replacement of each error marker within at least one of the first and second parallel information streams with replacement bits within one of the first and second parallel information streams which were time offset at transmission by the time delay interval to produce the error free atmospherically transmitted information; the transceiver processor processes detected individual cycles of the subcarrier to calculate an integral of at least one selected modulated part of each of the individual cycles, numerically compares each of the calculated integrals with a plurality of stored numerical ranges which ranges each represent one of a plurality of possible numerical values that the selected part may encode to identify a stored range numerically including the calculated integral and substitutes for the at least one selected part of each of the cycles the one of the plurality of numerical values representative of the identified range including the calculated stored integral with each numerical value encoding at least a part of an information unit in one of the first and second parallel information streams; and the transceiver processor processes the first and second parallel information streams containing the substituted numerical values for determining if the faded information is present.
Claim 123
Dependent Claim
308 words
A receiver for receiving atmospherically transmitted information subject to atmospheric fading for a time interval on a channel using a radio frequency carrier modulated with a subcarrier with the subcarrier being modulated with first and second identical encoded information streams to produce first and second identical parallel information streams modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with the first parallel information stream containing the first encoded information stream and with the second parallel information stream containing the second encoded information stream with the parallel information streams being atmospherically transmitted with a time delay interval between the parallel information streams as modulated on the subcarrier which is equal to or greater than the time interval comprising: a detector for detecting the first and second parallel information streams which have been transmitted with the radio frequency carrier; at least one processor, responsive to the detected parallel streams, for determining if faded information is present in at least one of the detected first and second parallel information streams received by the receiver and in response to determined faded information replacing the faded information caused by an atmospheric fade with replacement information from at least one of the first and second parallel information streams which is time offset at transmission from the faded information by the time delay interval and outputting error free atmospherically transmitted information including the replacement information; and wherein the at least one processor places an error marker within the detected first and second parallel information streams to mark each faded information unit within the faded information requiring replacement and controls replacement of each error marker within at least one of the first and second parallel information streams with replacement bits within one of the first and second parallel information streams which were time offset at transmission by the time delay interval to produce the error free atmospherically transmitted information.
Claim 124
Dependent Claim
308 words
A receiver for receiving atmospherically transmitted information subject to atmospheric fading for a time interval on a channel using a radio frequency carrier modulated with a subcarrier with the subcarrier being modulated with first and second identical encoded information streams to produce first and second identical parallel information streams modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with the first parallel information stream containing the first encoded information stream and with the second parallel information stream containing the second encoded information stream with the parallel information streams being atmospherically transmitted with a time delay interval between the parallel information streams as modulated on the subcarrier which is equal to or greater than the time interval comprising: a detector for detecting the first and second parallel information streams which have been transmitted with the radio frequency carrier; at least one processor, responsive to the detected parallel streams, for determining if faded information is present in at least one of the detected first and second parallel information streams received by the receiver and in response to determined faded information replacing the faded information caused by an atmospheric fade with replacement information from at least one of the first and second parallel information streams which is time offset at transmission from the faded information by the time delay interval and outputting error free atmospherically transmitted information including the replacement information; and wherein the at least one processor places an error marker within the detected first and second parallel information streams to mark each faded information unit within the faded information requiring replacement and controls replacement of each error marker within at least one of the first and second parallel information streams with replacement bits within one of the first and second parallel information streams which were time offset at transmission by the time delay interval to produce the error free atmospherically transmitted information.
Claim 125
Dependent Claim
161 words
A receiver in accordance with claim 117 wherein: the first and second encoded information streams each comprise frames of information with each frame having a plurality of bits of error correction information and a plurality of bits encoding the information with the error correction information of the first encoded information stream not being capable of correcting for a fade of the time interval producing faded information in the first parallel information stream and the error correction information of the second encoded information stream not being capable of correcting for a fade of the time interval producing faded information in the second parallel information stream; and the determination if faded information is present by the at least one processor is performed by a digital signal processor determining that the plurality of bits of error correction information cannot correct an error within the first and second parallel information streams with an error correction routine using the plurality of bits of error correction information.
Claim 126
Dependent Claim
99 words
A receiver in accordance with claim 117 wherein the at least one processor comprises: a digital signal processor, coupled to the detector and a control processor, the digital signal processor processing detected individual cycles of the subcarrier modulated with the first and second parallel information streams to determine any similarity with predetermined stored patterns and modifying at least one of the first and second parallel information streams so that the digital signal processor determines if faded information is present by processing the first and second parallel information streams after modification with at least one of the predetermined stored patterns.
Claim 127
Dependent Claim
95 words
A receiver in accordance with claim 118 wherein: the digital signal processor is coupled to the detector and a control processor and the digital signal processor processes detected individual cycles of the subcarrier modulated with the first and second parallel information streams to determine any similarity with predetermined stored patterns and modifies at least one of the first and second parallel information streams so that the digital signal processor determines if faded information is present by processing the first and second parallel information streams after modification with at least one of the predetermined stored patterns.
Claim 128
Dependent Claim
43 words
A receiver in accordance with claim 117 wherein: bits of each of the first and second parallel information streams are modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with each cycle of the subcarrier being modulated by bits at a plurality of separated angular positions.
Claim 129
Dependent Claim
44 words
A receiver in accordance with claim 117 wherein: the first and second parallel information streams are modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with pulse width modulation with a width of parts of the subcarrier being modulated with the first and second encoded information streams.
Claim 130
Dependent Claim
43 words
A receiver in accordance with claim 118 wherein: bits of each of the first and second parallel information streams are modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with each cycle of the subcarrier being modulated by bits at a plurality of separated angular positions.
Claim 131
Dependent Claim
46 words
A receiver in accordance with claim 119 wherein: the first and second parallel information streams are modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with pulse width modulation with a width of parts of cycles of the subcarrier being modulated with the first and second encoded information streams.
Claim 132
Dependent Claim
43 words
A receiver in accordance with claim 120 wherein: bits of each of the first and second parallel information streams are modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with each cycle of the subcarrier being modulated by bits at a plurality of separated angular positions.
Claim 133
Dependent Claim
47 words
A receiver in accordance with claim 118 wherein: the first and second parallel information streams are modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with pulse width modulation with a width of parts of the cycles of the subcarrier being modulated with the first and second encoded information streams.
Claim 134
Dependent Claim
42 words
A receiver in accordance with claim 119 wherein: bits of each of the first and second parallel information streams are modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with each cycle of the subcarrier being modulated by bits at plurality of separated angular positions.
Claim 135
Dependent Claim
46 words
A receiver in accordance with claim 120 wherein: the first and second parallel information streams are modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with pulse width modulation with a width of parts of cycles of the subcarrier being modulated with the first and second encoded information streams.
Claim 136
Dependent Claim
26 words
A receiver in accordance with claim 122 wherein: the pulse width modulation encodes a range of numbers and the signal processor decodes the range of numbers.
Claim 137
Dependent Claim
15 words
A receiver in accordance with claim 129 wherein: the range of numbers is between 0-15.
Claim 138
Dependent Claim
24 words
A receiver in accordance with claim 117 wherein: a single cycle of the subcarrier is modulated with the first and second encoded information streams.
Claim 139
Dependent Claim
38 words
A receiver in accordance with claim 117 wherein: a cycle of the subcarrier is modulated only with the first encoded information stream and a subsequent cycle of the subcarrier is modulated only with the second encoded information stream.
Claim 140
Dependent Claim
83 words
A receiver in accordance with claim 117 further comprising: at least one memory, coupled to the at least one processor, for storing information; and wherein the at least one processor controls storage of the detected first and second parallel information streams including each error marker within the at least one memory, controls storage of the error free atmospherically transmitted information in the at least one memory, and controls the outputting of the error free atmospherically transmitted information from the at least one memory.
Claim 141
Dependent Claim
164 words
A receiver in accordance with claim 133 wherein: the at least one processor comprises a digital signal processor and a control processor and the at least one memory comprises first and second random access memories with the first random access memory being associated with the digital signal processor and the second random access memory being associated with the control processor; the digital signal processor processes an error correction routine to determine if faded information is present, places each error marker within the detected first and second parallel information streams and controls storage of the detected first and second parallel information streams including each error marker in the first random access memory; and the control processor controls replacement of each error marker within the at least one of the stored first and second parallel information streams, storage of the error free atmospherically transmitted information in the second random access memory and outputting of the error free atmospherically transmitted information from the second random access memory.
Claim 142
Dependent Claim
34 words
A receiver in accordance with claim 134 wherein: the control processor controls transfer of the stored first and second parallel information streams from the first random access memory to the second random access memory.
Claim 143
Dependent Claim
75 words
A receiver in accordance with claim 133 wherein: the at least one processor determines if faded information is present by determining that an error correction routine cannot correct an error within the detected first and second parallel information streams and in response to a determination that the error correction routine cannot correct the error places an error marker within the detected first and second parallel information streams to mark each faded information unit requiring replacement.
Claim 144
Dependent Claim
74 words
A receiver in accordance with claim 134 wherein: the digital signal processor determines if faded information is present by determining that the error correction routine cannot correct an error within the detected first and second parallel information streams and in response to a determination that the error correction routine cannot correct the error places an error marker within the detected first and second parallel information streams to mark each faded information unit requiring replacement.
Claim 145
Dependent Claim
83 words
A receiver in accordance with claim 121 further comprising: at least one memory, coupled to the at least one processor, for storing information; and wherein the at least one processor controls storage of the detected first and second parallel information streams including each error marker within the at least one memory, controls storage of the error free atmospherically transmitted information in the at least one memory, and controls the outputting of the error free atmospherically transmitted information from the at least one memory.
Claim 146
Dependent Claim
164 words
A receiver in accordance with claim 138 wherein: the at least one processor comprises a digital signal processor and a control processor and the at least one memory comprises first and second random access memories with the first random access memory being associated with the digital signal processor and the second random access memory being associated with the control processor; the digital signal processor processes the error correction routine to determine if faded information is present, places each error marker within the detected first and second parallel information streams and controls storage of the detected first and second parallel information streams including each error marker in the first random access memory; and the control processor controls replacement of each error marker within the at least one of the stored first and second parallel information streams, storage of the error free atmospherically transmitted information in the second random access memory and outputting of the error free atmospherically transmitted information from the second random access memory.
Claim 147
Dependent Claim
34 words
A receiver in accordance with claim 139 wherein: the control processor controls transfer of the stored first and second parallel information streams from the first random access memory to the second random access memory.
Claim 148
Dependent Claim
75 words
A receiver in accordance with claim 138 wherein: the at least one processor determines if faded information is present by determining that an error correction routine cannot correct an error within the detected first and second parallel information streams and in response to a determination that the error correction routine cannot correct the error places an error marker within the detected first and second parallel information streams to mark each faded information unit requiring replacement.
Claim 149
Dependent Claim
74 words
A receiver in accordance with claim 139 wherein: the digital signal processor determines if faded information is present by determining that an error correction routine cannot correct an error within the detected first and second parallel information streams and in response to a determination that the error correction routine cannot correct the error places an error marker within the detected first and second parallel information streams to mark each faded information unit requiring replacement.
Claim 150
Dependent Claim
83 words
A receiver in accordance with claim 122 further comprising: at least one memory, coupled to the at least one processor, for storing information; and wherein the at least one processor controls storage of the detected first and second parallel information streams including each error marker within the at least one memory, controls storage of the error free atmospherically transmitted information in the at least one memory, and controls the outputting of the error free atmospherically transmitted information from the at least one memory.
Claim 151
Dependent Claim
164 words
A receiver in accordance with claim 143 wherein: the at least one processor comprises a digital signal processor and a control processor and the at least one memory comprises first and second random access memories with the first random access memory being associated with the digital signal processor and the second random access memory being associated with the control processor; the digital signal processor processes an error correction routine to determine if faded information is present, places each error marker within the detected first and second parallel information streams and controls storage of the detected first and second parallel information streams including each error marker in the first random access memory; and the control processor controls replacement of each error marker within the at least one of the stored first and second parallel information streams, storage of the error free atmospherically transmitted information in the second random access memory and outputting of the error free atmospherically transmitted information from the second random access memory.
Claim 152
Dependent Claim
34 words
A receiver in accordance with claim 144 wherein: the control processor controls transfer of the stored first and second parallel information streams from the first random access memory to the second random access memory.
Claim 153
Dependent Claim
75 words
A receiver in accordance with claim 143 wherein: the at least one processor determines if faded information is present by determining that an error correction routine cannot correct an error within the detected first and second parallel information streams and in response to a determination that an error correction routine cannot correct the error places the error marker within the detected first and second parallel information streams to mark each faded information unit requiring replacement.
Claim 154
Dependent Claim
74 words
A receiver in accordance with claim 144 wherein: the digital signal processor determines if faded information is present by determining that an error correction routine cannot correct an error within the detected first and second parallel information streams and in response to a determination that the error correction routine cannot correct the error places an error marker within the detected first and second parallel information streams to mark each faded information unit requiring replacement.
Claim 155
Dependent Claim
83 words
A receiver in accordance with claim 131 further comprising: at least one memory, coupled to the at least one processor, for storing information; and wherein the at least one processor controls storage of the detected first and second parallel information streams including each error marker within the at least one memory, controls storage of the error free atmospherically transmitted information in the at least one memory, and controls the outputting of the error free atmospherically transmitted information from the at least one memory.
Claim 156
Dependent Claim
164 words
A receiver in accordance with claim 148 wherein: the at least one processor comprises a digital signal processor and a control processor and the at least one memory comprises first and second random access memories with the first random access memory being associated with the digital signal processor and the second random access memory being associated with the control processor; the digital signal processor processes an error correction routine to determine if faded information is present, places each error marker within the detected first and second parallel information streams and controls storage of the detected first and second parallel information streams including each error marker in the first random access memory; and the control processor controls replacement of each error marker within the at least one of the stored first and second parallel information streams, storage of the error free atmospherically transmitted information in the second random access memory and outputting of the error free atmospherically transmitted information from the second random access memory.
Claim 157
Dependent Claim
34 words
A receiver in accordance with claim 149 wherein: the control processor controls transfer of the stored first and second parallel information streams from the first random access memory to the second random access memory.
Claim 158
Dependent Claim
75 words
A receiver in accordance with claim 148 wherein: the at least one processor determines if faded information is present by determining that an error correction routine cannot correct an error within the detected first and second parallel information streams and in response to a determination that the error correction routine cannot correct the error places an error marker within the detected first and second parallel information streams to mark each faded information unit requiring replacement.
Claim 159
Dependent Claim
74 words
A receiver in accordance with claim 149 wherein: the digital signal processor determines if faded information is present by determining that an error correction routine cannot correct an error within the detected first and second parallel information streams and in response to a determination that the error correction routine cannot correct the error places an error marker within the detected first and second parallel information streams to mark each faded information unit requiring replacement.
Claim 160
Dependent Claim
83 words
A receiver in accordance with claim 132 further comprising: at least one memory, coupled to the at least one processor, for storing information; and wherein the at least one processor controls storage of the detected first and second parallel information streams including each error marker within the at least one memory, controls storage of the error free atmospherically transmitted information in the at least one memory, and controls the outputting of the error free atmospherically transmitted information from the at least one memory.
Claim 161
Dependent Claim
164 words
A receiver in accordance with claim 153 wherein: the at least one processor comprises a digital signal processor and a control processor and the at least one memory comprises first and second random access memories with the first random access memory being associated with the digital signal processor and the second random access memory being associated with the control processor; the digital signal processor processes an error correction routine to determine if faded information is present, places each error marker within the detected first and second parallel information streams and controls storage of the detected first and second parallel information streams including each error marker in the first random access memory; and the control processor controls replacement of each error marker within the at least one of the stored first and second parallel information streams, storage of the error free atmospherically transmitted information in the second random access memory and outputting of the error free atmospherically transmitted information from the second random access memory.
Claim 162
Dependent Claim
34 words
A receiver in accordance with claim 154 wherein: the control processor controls transfer of the stored first and second parallel information streams from the first random access memory to the second random access memory.
Claim 163
Dependent Claim
75 words
A receiver in accordance with claim 153 wherein: the at least one processor determines if faded information is present by determining that an error correction routine cannot correct an error within the detected first and second parallel information streams and in response to a determination that the error correction routine cannot correct the error places an error marker within the detected first and second parallel information streams to mark each faded information unit requiring replacement.
Claim 164
Dependent Claim
74 words
A receiver in accordance with claim 154 wherein: the digital signal processor determines if faded information is present by determining that an error correction routine cannot correct an error within the detected first and second parallel information streams and in response to a determination that the error correction routine cannot correct the error places an error marker within the detected first and second parallel information streams to mark each faded information unit requiring replacement.
Claim 165
Dependent Claim
179 words
A receiver in accordance with claim 117 wherein: the at least one processor comprises a digital signal processor, coupled to the detector and to a control processor, the digital signal processor processing detected individual cycles of the subcarrier to calculate an integral of at least one selected modulated part of each of the individual cycles, numerically comparing each of the calculated integrals with a plurality of stored numerical ranges which ranges each represent one of a plurality of possible numerical values that the selected part may encode to identify a stored range numerically including the calculated integral and substituting for the at least one selected part of each of the cycles the one of the plurality of numerical values representative of the identified stored range including the calculated integral with each numerical value encoding at least a part of an information unit in one of the first and second parallel information streams; and wherein the digital signal processor processes the first and second parallel information streams containing the substituted numerical values for determining if the faded information is present.
Claim 166
Dependent Claim
104 words
A receiver in accordance with claim 158 wherein: the calculation of the integral is made by taking a plurality of samples of each selected modulated part of each of the individual cycles with each sample having a numerical value and each sample is compared with a range of numerical values representing a valid sample which should be included within the calculation of the integral and when the comparison reveals that the sample value is outside the range of numerical values, the compared sample value is replaced with a value which is a function of the sample values adjacent the sample value which is replaced.
Claim 167
Dependent Claim
45 words
A receiver in accordance with claim 159 wherein: the compared sample value is replaced with a value which is an average of at least one sample value which precedes the compared sample value and at least one sample value which succeeds the compared sample value.
Claim 168
Independent Claim
292 words
A method of receiving atmospherically transmitted information subject to atmospheric fading for a time interval on a channel having a radio frequency carrier modulated with a subcarrier with the subcarrier being modulated with identical first and second encoded information streams to produce identical first and second parallel information streams modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with the first parallel information stream containing the first encoded information stream and with the second parallel information stream containing the second encoded information stream with the parallel information streams being atmospherically transmitted with a time delay interval between the parallel streams as modulated on the subcarrier which is equal to or greater than the time interval comprising the steps: detecting the first and second parallel information streams which have been transmitted with the radio frequency carrier; determining if faded information is present in at least one of the detected first and second parallel information streams by processing electrical signals representing the detected parallel information streams, in response to determined faded information replacing the faded information caused by an atmospheric fade with replacement information from at least one of the first and second parallel information streams which is time offset from the faded information at transmission by the time delay interval, and outputting error free atmospherically transmitted information including the replacement information; and placing an error marker within the detected first and second parallel information streams to mark each faded information unit within the faded information requiring replacement and replacing each error marker within at least one of the first and second parallel information streams with replacement bits within one of the first and second parallel information streams which were time offset at transmission by the time delay interval to produce the error free atmospherically transmitted information.
Claim 169
Independent Claim
292 words
A method of receiving atmospherically transmitted information subject to atmospheric fading for a time interval on a channel having a radio frequency carrier modulated with a subcarrier with the subcarrier being modulated with identical first and second encoded information streams to produce identical first and second parallel information streams modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with the first parallel information stream containing the first encoded information stream and with the second parallel information stream containing the second encoded information stream with the parallel information streams being atmospherically transmitted with a time delay interval between the parallel streams as modulated on the subcarrier which is equal to or greater than the time interval comprising the steps: detecting the first and second parallel information streams which have been transmitted with the radio frequency carrier; determining if faded information is present in at least one of the detected first and second parallel information streams by processing electrical signals representing the detected parallel information streams, in response to determined faded information replacing the faded information caused by an atmospheric fade with replacement information from at least one of the first and second parallel information streams which is time offset from the faded information at transmission by the time delay interval, and outputting error free atmospherically transmitted information including the replacement information; and placing an error marker within the detected first and second parallel information streams to mark each faded information unit within the faded information requiring replacement and replacing each error marker within at least one of the first and second parallel information streams with replacement bits within one of the first and second parallel information streams which were time offset at transmission by the time delay interval to produce the error free atmospherically transmitted information.
Claim 170
Dependent Claim
149 words
A method in accordance with claim 161 wherein: the first and second encoded information streams each comprise frames of information with each frame having a plurality of bits of error correction information and a plurality of bits encoding the information with the error correction information of the first encoded information stream not being capable of correcting for a fade of the time interval producing faded information in the first parallel information stream and the error correction information of the second encoded information stream not being capable of correcting for a fade of the time interval producing faded information in the second parallel information stream; and the determination if faded information is present is performed by determining that the plurality of bits of error correction information cannot correct an error within the first and second parallel information streams with an error correction routine using the plurality of error correction bits.
Claim 171
Dependent Claim
77 words
A method in accordance with claim 161 further comprising: processing individual cycles of the subcarrier modulated with the first and second parallel information streams to determine any similarity with predetermined stored patterns and modifying at least one of first and second detected parallel information streams so that the determining if faded information is present is performed by processing the detected first and second parallel information streams after modification with at least one of the predetermined stored patterns.
Claim 172
Dependent Claim
77 words
A method in accordance with claim 162 further comprising: processing individual cycles of the subcarrier modulated with the first and second parallel information streams to determine any similarity with predetermined stored patterns and modifying at least one of first and second detected parallel information streams so that the determining if faded information is present is performed by processing the detected first and second parallel information streams after modification with at least one of the predetermined stored patterns.
Claim 173
Dependent Claim
43 words
A method in accordance with claim 161 wherein: bits of each of the first and second parallel information streams are modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with each cycle of the subcarrier being modulated by bits at a plurality of separated angular positions.
Claim 174
Dependent Claim
26 words
A method in accordance with claim 161 wherein: the first and second parallel information streams are modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with pulse width modulation.
Claim 175
Dependent Claim
43 words
A method in accordance with claim 162 wherein: bits of each of the first and second parallel information streams are modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with each cycle of the subcarrier being modulated by bits at a plurality of separated angular positions.
Claim 176
Dependent Claim
43 words
A method in accordance with claim 163 wherein: bits of each of the first and second parallel information streams are modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with each cycle of the subcarrier being modulated by bits at a plurality of separated angular positions.
Claim 177
Dependent Claim
43 words
A method in accordance with claim 164 wherein: bits of each of the first and second parallel information streams are modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with each cycle of the subcarrier being modulated by bits at a plurality of separated angular positions.
Claim 178
Dependent Claim
47 words
A method in accordance with claim 162 wherein: the first and second parallel information streams are modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with pulse width modulation with a width of parts of the cycles of the subcarrier being modulated with the first and second encoded information streams.
Claim 179
Dependent Claim
46 words
A method in accordance with claim 163 wherein: the first and second parallel information streams are modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with pulse width modulation with a width of parts of cycles of the subcarrier being modulated with the first and second encoded information streams.
Claim 180
Dependent Claim
47 words
A method in accordance with claim 164 wherein: the first and second parallel information streams are modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with pulse width modulation with a width of parts of the cycles of the subcarrier being modulated with the first and second encoded information streams.
Claim 181
Dependent Claim
24 words
A method in accordance with claim 161 wherein: a single cycle of the subcarrier is modulated with the first and second encoded information streams.
Claim 182
Dependent Claim
38 words
A method in accordance with claim 161 wherein: a cycle of the subcarrier is modulated only with the first encoded information stream and a subsequent cycle of the subcarrier is modulated only with the second encoded information stream.
Claim 183
Dependent Claim
58 words
A method in accordance with claim 161 further comprising: processing the first and second parallel information streams with an error correction routine to determine if faded information is present, storing the detected first and second parallel information streams including each error marker, storing the error free atmospherically transmitted information, and outputting the stored error free atmospherically transmitted information.
Claim 184
Dependent Claim
55 words
A method in accordance with claim 175 wherein: the determination if faded information is present is made by determining that the error correction routine cannot correct an error within the detected first and second parallel information streams and in response to each determination that faded information is present marking each faded information unit requiring replacement.
Claim 185
Dependent Claim
58 words
A method in accordance with claim 165 further comprising: processing the first and second parallel information streams with an error correction routine to determine if faded information is present, storing the detected first and second parallel information streams including each error marker, storing the error free atmospherically transmitted information, and outputting the stored error free atmospherically transmitted information.
Claim 186
Dependent Claim
55 words
A method in accordance with claim 177 wherein: the determination if faded information is present is made by determining that the error correction routine cannot correct an error within the detected first and second parallel information streams and in response to each determination that faded information is present marking each faded information unit requiring replacement.
Claim 187
Dependent Claim
58 words
A method in accordance with claim 166 further comprising: processing the first and second parallel information streams with an error correction routine to determine if faded information is present, storing the detected first and second parallel information streams including each error marker, storing the error free atmospherically transmitted information, and outputting the stored error free atmospherically transmitted information.
Claim 188
Dependent Claim
55 words
A method in accordance with claim 179 wherein: the determination if faded information is present is made by determining that the error correction routine cannot correct an error within the detected first and second parallel information streams and in response to each determination that faded information is present marking each faded information unit requiring replacement.
Claim 189
Dependent Claim
58 words
A method in accordance with claim 173 further comprising: processing the first and second parallel information streams with an error correction routine to determine if faded information is present, storing the detected first and second parallel information streams including each error marker, storing the error free atmospherically transmitted information, and outputting the stored error free atmospherically transmitted information.
Claim 190
Dependent Claim
54 words
A method in accordance with claim 181 wherein: the determination if faded information is present is by determining that the error correction routine cannot correct an error within the detected first and second parallel information streams and in response to each determination that faded information is present marking each faded information unit requiring replacement.
Claim 191
Dependent Claim
58 words
A method in accordance with claim 174 further comprising: processing the first and second parallel information streams with an error correction routine to determine if faded information is present, storing the detected first and second parallel information streams including each error marker, storing the error free atmospherically transmitted information, and outputting the stored error free atmospherically transmitted information.
Claim 192
Dependent Claim
54 words
A method in accordance with claim 183 wherein: the determination if faded information is present is by determining that the error correction routine cannot correct an error within the detected first and second parallel information streams and in response to each determination that faded information is present marking each faded information unit requiring replacement.
Claim 193
Dependent Claim
156 words
A method for receiving in accordance with claim 161 further comprising: processing detected individual cycles of the subcarrier to calculate an integral of at least one selected modulated part of each of the individual cycles, numerically comparing each of the calculated integrals with a plurality of stored numerical ranges which ranges each represent one of a plurality of possible numerical values that the selected part may encode to identify a stored range numerically including the calculated integral and substituting for the at least one selected part of each of the cycles the one of the plurality of numerical values representative of the identified stored range including the calculated integral with each numerical value encoding at least a part of an information unit in one of the first and second parallel information streams; and wherein the first and second parallel information streams containing the substituted numerical values are processed for determining if the faded information is present.
Claim 194
Dependent Claim
106 words
A method of receiving in accordance with claim 185 wherein: the calculation of the integral is made by taking a plurality of samples of each selected modulated part of each of the individual cycles with each sample having a numerical value and each sample is compared with a range of numerical values representing a valid sample which should be included within the calculation of the integral and when the comparison reveals that the sample value is outside the range of numerical values, the compared sample value is replaced with a value which is a function of the sample values adjacent the sample value which is replaced.
Claim 195
Dependent Claim
47 words
A method of receiving in accordance with claim 186 wherein: the compared sample value is replaced with a value which is an average of at least one sample value which precedes the compared sample value and at least one sample value which succeeds the compared sample value.
Claim 196
Dependent Claim
461 words
A receiver for receiving atmospherically transmitted information subject to atmospheric fading for a time interval on a channel using a radio frequency carrier modulated with a subcarrier with the subcarrier being modulated with first and second identical encoded information streams to produce first and second identical parallel information streams modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with the first parallel information stream containing the first encoded information stream and with the second parallel information stream containing the second encoded information stream with the parallel information streams being atmospherically transmitted with a time delay interval between the parallel information streams as modulated on the subcarrier which is equal to or greater than the time interval comprising: a detector for detecting the first and second parallel information streams which have been transmitted with the radio frequency carrier; and at least one processor, responsive to the detected parallel streams, for determining if faded information is present in at least one of the detected first and second parallel information streams received by the receiver, in response to determined faded information replacing the faded information caused by an atmospheric fade with replacement information from at least one of the first and second parallel information streams which is time offset at transmission from the faded information by the time delay interval, and outputting error free atmospherically transmitted information including the replacement information; and wherein the at least one processor places an error marker within the detected first and second parallel information streams to mark each faded information unit within the faded information requiring replacement and controls replacement of each error marker within at least one of the first and second parallel information streams with replacement bits within one of the first and second parallel information streams which were time offset at transmission by the time delay interval to produce the error free atmospherically transmitted information; the at least one processor processes detected individual cycles of the subcarrier to calculate an integral of at least one selected modulated part of each of the individual cycles, numerically compares each of the calculated integrals with a plurality of stored numerical ranges which ranges each represent one of a plurality of possible numerical values that the selected part may encode to identify a stored range numerically including the calculated integral and substitutes for the at least one selected part of each of the cycles the one of the plurality of numerical values representative of the identified stored range including the calculated integral with each numerical value encoding at least a part of an information unit in one of the first and second parallel information streams; and the at least one processor processes the first and second parallel information streams containing the substituted numerical values for determining if the faded information is present.
Claim 197
Dependent Claim
461 words
A receiver for receiving atmospherically transmitted information subject to atmospheric fading for a time interval on a channel using a radio frequency carrier modulated with a subcarrier with the subcarrier being modulated with first and second identical encoded information streams to produce first and second identical parallel information streams modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with the first parallel information stream containing the first encoded information stream and with the second parallel information stream containing the second encoded information stream with the parallel information streams being atmospherically transmitted with a time delay interval between the parallel information streams as modulated on the subcarrier which is equal to or greater than the time interval comprising: a detector for detecting the first and second parallel information streams which have been transmitted with the radio frequency carrier; and at least one processor, responsive to the detected parallel streams, for determining if faded information is present in at least one of the detected first and second parallel information streams received by the receiver, in response to determined faded information replacing the faded information caused by an atmospheric fade with replacement information from at least one of the first and second parallel information streams which is time offset at transmission from the faded information by the time delay interval, and outputting error free atmospherically transmitted information including the replacement information; and wherein the at least one processor places an error marker within the detected first and second parallel information streams to mark each faded information unit within the faded information requiring replacement and controls replacement of each error marker within at least one of the first and second parallel information streams with replacement bits within one of the first and second parallel information streams which were time offset at transmission by the time delay interval to produce the error free atmospherically transmitted information; the at least one processor processes detected individual cycles of the subcarrier to calculate an integral of at least one selected modulated part of each of the individual cycles, numerically compares each of the calculated integrals with a plurality of stored numerical ranges which ranges each represent one of a plurality of possible numerical values that the selected part may encode to identify a stored range numerically including the calculated integral and substitutes for the at least one selected part of each of the cycles the one of the plurality of numerical values representative of the identified stored range including the calculated integral with each numerical value encoding at least a part of an information unit in one of the first and second parallel information streams; and the at least one processor processes the first and second parallel information streams containing the substituted numerical values for determining if the faded information is present.
Claim 198
Dependent Claim
161 words
A receiver in accordance with claim 188 wherein: the first and second encoded information streams each comprise frames of information with each frame having a plurality of bits of error correction information and a plurality of bits encoding the information with the error correction information of the first encoded information stream not being capable of correcting for a fade of the time interval producing faded information in the first parallel information stream and the error correction information of the second encoded information stream not being capable of correcting for a fade of the time interval producing faded information in the second parallel information stream; and the determination if faded information is present by the at least one processor is performed by a digital signal processor determining that the plurality of bits of error correction information cannot correct an error within the first and second parallel information streams with an error correction routine using the plurality of bits of error correction information.
Claim 199
Dependent Claim
74 words
A receiver in accordance with claim 188 wherein: bits of each of the first and second parallel information streams are modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with each cycle of the subcarrier being modulated by bits at a plurality of separated angular positions and the selected modulated part of each of the individual cycles processed by the at least one processor is each of the separated angular positions which are modulated by the bits.
Claim 200
Independent Claim
427 words
A method of receiving atmospherically transmitted information subject to atmospheric fading for a time interval on a channel having a radio frequency carrier modulated with a subcarrier with the subcarrier being modulated with identical first and second encoded information streams to produce identical first and second parallel information streams modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with the first parallel information stream containing the first encoded information stream and with the second parallel information stream containing the second encoded information stream with the parallel information streams being atmospherically transmitted with a time delay interval between the parallel streams as modulated on the subcarrier which is equal to or greater than the time interval comprising the steps: detecting the first and second parallel information streams which have been transmitted with the radio frequency carrier; determining if faded information is present in at least one of the detected first and second parallel information streams and in response to determined faded information replacing the faded information caused by an atmospheric fade with replacement information from at least one of the first and second parallel information streams which is time offset from the faded information at transmission by the time delay interval and outputting error free atmospherically transmitted information including the replacement information; placing an error marker within the detected first and second parallel information streams to mark each faded information unit within the faded information requiring replacement and replacing each error marker within at least one of the first and second parallel information streams with replacement bits within one of the first and second parallel information streams which were time offset at transmission by the time delay interval to produce the error free atmospherically transmitted information; processing detected individual cycles of the subcarrier to calculate an integral of at least one selected modulated part of each of the individual cycles, numerically comparing each of the calculated integrals with a plurality of stored numerical ranges which ranges each represent one of a plurality of possible numerical values that the selected part may encode to identify a stored range numerically including the calculated integral and substituting for the at least one selected part of each of the cycles the one of the plurality of numerical values representative of the identified stored range including the calculated integral with each numerical value encoding at least a part of an information unit in one of the first and second parallel information streams; and wherein the first and second parallel information streams containing the substituted numerical values are processed for determining if the faded information is present.
Claim 201
Independent Claim
427 words
A method of receiving atmospherically transmitted information subject to atmospheric fading for a time interval on a channel having a radio frequency carrier modulated with a subcarrier with the subcarrier being modulated with identical first and second encoded information streams to produce identical first and second parallel information streams modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with the first parallel information stream containing the first encoded information stream and with the second parallel information stream containing the second encoded information stream with the parallel information streams being atmospherically transmitted with a time delay interval between the parallel streams as modulated on the subcarrier which is equal to or greater than the time interval comprising the steps: detecting the first and second parallel information streams which have been transmitted with the radio frequency carrier; determining if faded information is present in at least one of the detected first and second parallel information streams and in response to determined faded information replacing the faded information caused by an atmospheric fade with replacement information from at least one of the first and second parallel information streams which is time offset from the faded information at transmission by the time delay interval and outputting error free atmospherically transmitted information including the replacement information; placing an error marker within the detected first and second parallel information streams to mark each faded information unit within the faded information requiring replacement and replacing each error marker within at least one of the first and second parallel information streams with replacement bits within one of the first and second parallel information streams which were time offset at transmission by the time delay interval to produce the error free atmospherically transmitted information; processing detected individual cycles of the subcarrier to calculate an integral of at least one selected modulated part of each of the individual cycles, numerically comparing each of the calculated integrals with a plurality of stored numerical ranges which ranges each represent one of a plurality of possible numerical values that the selected part may encode to identify a stored range numerically including the calculated integral and substituting for the at least one selected part of each of the cycles the one of the plurality of numerical values representative of the identified stored range including the calculated integral with each numerical value encoding at least a part of an information unit in one of the first and second parallel information streams; and wherein the first and second parallel information streams containing the substituted numerical values are processed for determining if the faded information is present.
Claim 202
Dependent Claim
149 words
A method in accordance with claim 191 wherein: the first and second encoded information streams each comprise frames of information with each frame having a plurality of bits of error correction information and a plurality of bits encoding the information with the error correction information of the first encoded information stream not being capable of correcting for a fade of the time interval producing faded information in the first parallel information stream and the error correction information of the second encoded information stream not being capable of correcting for a fade of the time interval producing faded information in the second parallel information stream; and the determination if faded information is present is performed by determining that the plurality of bits of error correction bits cannot correct an error within the first and second parallel information streams with an error correction routine using the plurality of error correction bits.
Claim 203
Dependent Claim
106 words
A method of receiving in accordance with claim 191 wherein: the calculation of the integral is made by taking a plurality of samples of each selected modulated part of each of the individual cycles with each sample having a numerical value and each sample is compared with a range of numerical values representing a valid sample which should be included within the calculation of the integral and when the comparison reveals that the sample value is outside the range of numerical values, the compared sample value is replaced with a value which is a function of the sample values adjacent the sample value which is replaced.
Claim 204
Dependent Claim
47 words
A method of receiving in accordance with claim 193 wherein: the compared sample value is replaced with a value which is an average of at least one sample value which precedes the compared sample value and at least one sample value which succeeds the compared sample value.
Claim 205
Dependent Claim
70 words
A method of receiving in accordance with claim 191 wherein: bits of each of the first and second parallel information streams are modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with each cycle of the subcarrier being modulated by bits at a plurality of separated angular positions and the selected modulated part of each of the individual cycles is each of the plurality of separated angular positions which are modulated by bits.
Claim 206
Independent Claim
391 words
A system for atmospheric transmission of information subject to fading for a time interval by a transmitter using a radio frequency carrier modulated with a subcarrier comprising: a signal processing system having a processor, responsive to a source of information, for providing first and second identical encoded information streams with the second information stream being delayed by a time delay interval with respect to the first information stream which is equal to or greater than the time interval of the atmospheric fading and an encoder, responsive to the first and second encoded information streams and coupled to the transmitter, for modulating the subcarrier with the first and second encoded information streams to produce first and second identical parallel information streams modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with the first parallel information stream containing the first encoded information stream and with the second parallel information containing the second encoded information stream with the parallel information streams being atmospherically transmitted with a time delay interval between the parallel information streams as modulated on the subcarrier which is equal to or greater than the time delay interval; and at least one receiver, the at least one receiver having a detector for detecting the first and second parallel information streams which have been transmitted with the radio frequency carrier, at least one processor, responsive to the detected parallel information streams, for determining if faded information is present in at least one of the detected first and second parallel information streams received by the at least one receiver and in response to determined faded information replacing the faded information caused by an atmospheric fade with replacement information from one of the first and second parallel information streams which is time offset at transmission by the time delay interval from the faded information and outputting error free atmospherically transmitted information including the replacement information; and wherein the at least one processor places an error marker within the detected first and second parallel information streams to mark each faded information unit within the faded information requiring replacement and controls replacement of each error marker within at least one of the first and second parallel information streams with replacement bits within one of the first and second parallel information streams which were time offset at transmission by the time delay interval to produce the error free atmospherically transmitted information.
Claim 207
Independent Claim
391 words
A system for atmospheric transmission of information subject to fading for a time interval by a transmitter using a radio frequency carrier modulated with a subcarrier comprising: a signal processing system having a processor, responsive to a source of information, for providing first and second identical encoded information streams with the second information stream being delayed by a time delay interval with respect to the first information stream which is equal to or greater than the time interval of the atmospheric fading and an encoder, responsive to the first and second encoded information streams and coupled to the transmitter, for modulating the subcarrier with the first and second encoded information streams to produce first and second identical parallel information streams modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with the first parallel information stream containing the first encoded information stream and with the second parallel information containing the second encoded information stream with the parallel information streams being atmospherically transmitted with a time delay interval between the parallel information streams as modulated on the subcarrier which is equal to or greater than the time delay interval; and at least one receiver, the at least one receiver having a detector for detecting the first and second parallel information streams which have been transmitted with the radio frequency carrier, at least one processor, responsive to the detected parallel information streams, for determining if faded information is present in at least one of the detected first and second parallel information streams received by the at least one receiver and in response to determined faded information replacing the faded information caused by an atmospheric fade with replacement information from one of the first and second parallel information streams which is time offset at transmission by the time delay interval from the faded information and outputting error free atmospherically transmitted information including the replacement information; and wherein the at least one processor places an error marker within the detected first and second parallel information streams to mark each faded information unit within the faded information requiring replacement and controls replacement of each error marker within at least one of the first and second parallel information streams with replacement bits within one of the first and second parallel information streams which were time offset at transmission by the time delay interval to produce the error free atmospherically transmitted information.
Claim 208
Dependent Claim
161 words
A system in accordance with claim 196 wherein: the first and second encoded information streams each comprise frames of information with each frame having a plurality of bits of error correction information and a plurality of bits encoding the information with the error correction information of the first encoded information stream not being capable of correcting for a fade of the time interval producing faded information in the first parallel information stream and the error correction information of the second encoded information stream not being capable of correcting for a fade of the time interval producing faded information in the second parallel information stream; and the determination if faded information is present by the at least one processor is performed by a digital signal processor determining that the plurality of bits of error correction information cannot correct an error within the first and second parallel information streams with an error correction routine using the plurality of bits of error correction information.
Claim 209
Dependent Claim
101 words
A system in accordance with claim 196 wherein the at least one processor comprises: a digital signal processor, coupled to the detector and a control processor, and wherein the digital signal processor processes detected individual cycles of the subcarrier modulated with the first and second parallel information streams to determine any similarity with predetermined stored patterns and modifies at least one of the first and second parallel information streams so that the digital signal processor determines if faded information is present by processing the first and second parallel information streams after modification with at least one of the predetermined stored patterns.
Claim 210
Dependent Claim
95 words
A system in accordance with claim 197 wherein: the digital signal processor is coupled to the detector and a control processor and the digital signal processor processes detected individual cycles of the subcarrier modulated with the first and second parallel information streams to determine any similarity with predetermined stored patterns and modifies at least one of the first and second parallel information streams so that the digital signal processor determines if faded information is present by processing the first and second parallel information streams after modification with at least one of the predetermined stored patterns.
Claim 211
Dependent Claim
43 words
A system in accordance with claim 196 wherein: bits of each of the first and second parallel information streams are modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with each cycle of the subcarrier being modulated by bits at a plurality of separated angular positions.
Claim 212
Dependent Claim
47 words
A system in accordance with claim 196 wherein: the first and second encoded information streams are modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with pulse width modulation with a width of parts of the cycles of the subcarrier being modulated with the first and second encoded information streams.
Claim 213
Dependent Claim
43 words
A system in accordance with claim 197 wherein: bits of each of the first and second parallel information streams are modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with each cycle of the subcarrier being modulated by bits at a plurality of separated angular positions.
Claim 214
Dependent Claim
43 words
A system in accordance with claim 198 wherein: bits of each of the first and second parallel information streams are modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with each cycle of the subcarrier being modulated by bits at a plurality of separated angular positions.
Claim 215
Dependent Claim
43 words
A system in accordance with claim 199 wherein: bits of each of the first and second parallel information streams are modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with each cycle of the subcarrier being modulated by bits at a plurality of separated angular positions.
Claim 216
Dependent Claim
88 words
A system in accordance with claim 196 wherein the at least one receiver comprises: at least one memory, coupled to the at least one processor, for storing information; and wherein the at least one processor controls storage of the detected first and second parallel information streams including each error marker within the at least one memory, controls storage of the error free atmospherically transmitted information in the at least one memory, and controls the outputting of the error free atmospherically transmitted information from the at least one memory.
Claim 217
Dependent Claim
164 words
A system in accordance with claim 205 wherein: the at least one processor comprises a digital signal processor and a control processor and the at least one memory comprises first and second random access memories with the first random access memory being associated with the digital signal processor and the second random access memory being associated with the control processor; the digital signal processor processes an error correction routine to determine if faded information is present, places each error marker within the detected first and second parallel information streams and controls storage of the detected first and second parallel information streams including each error marker in the first random access memory; and the control processor controls replacement of each error marker within the at least one of the stored first and second parallel information streams, storage of the error free atmospherically transmitted information in the second random access memory and outputting of the error free atmospherically transmitted information from the second random access memory.
Claim 218
Dependent Claim
34 words
A system in accordance with claim 206 wherein: the control processor controls transfer of the stored first and second parallel information streams from the first random access memory to the second random access memory.
Claim 219
Dependent Claim
88 words
A system in accordance with claim 200 wherein the at least one receiver comprises: at least one memory, coupled to the at least one processor, for storing information; and wherein the at least one processor controls storage of the detected first and second parallel information streams including each error marker within the at least one memory, controls storage of the error free atmospherically transmitted information in the at least one memory, and controls the outputting of the error free atmospherically transmitted information from the at least one memory.
Claim 220
Dependent Claim
164 words
A system in accordance with claim 208 wherein: the at least one processor comprises a digital signal processor and a control processor and the at least one memory comprises first and second random access memories with the first random access memory being associated with the digital signal processor and the second random access memory being associated with the control processor; the digital signal processor processes an error correction routine to determine if faded information is present, places each error marker within the detected first and second parallel information streams and controls storage of the detected first and second parallel information streams including each error marker in the first random access memory; and the control processor controls replacement of each error marker within the at least one of the stored first and second parallel information streams, storage of the error free atmospherically transmitted information in the second random access memory and outputting of the error free atmospherically transmitted information from the second random access memory.
Claim 221
Dependent Claim
34 words
A system in accordance with claim 209 wherein: the control processor controls transfer of the stored first and second parallel information streams from the first random access memory to the second random access memory.
Claim 222
Dependent Claim
88 words
A system in accordance with claim 201 wherein the at least one receiver comprises: at least one memory, coupled to the at least one processor, for storing information; and wherein the at least one processor controls storage of the detected first and second parallel information streams including each error marker within the at least one memory, controls storage of the error free atmospherically transmitted information in the at least one memory, and controls the outputting of the error free atmospherically transmitted information from the at least one memory.
Claim 223
Dependent Claim
164 words
A system in accordance with claim 211 wherein: the at least one processor comprises a digital signal processor and a control processor and the at least one memory comprises first and second random access memories with the first random access memory being associated with the digital signal processor and the second random access memory being associated with the control processor; the digital signal processor processes an error correction routine to determine if faded information is present, places each error marker within the detected first and second parallel information streams and controls storage of the detected first and second parallel information streams including each error marker in the first random access memory; and the control processor controls replacement of each error marker within the at least one of the stored first and second parallel information streams, storage of the error free atmospherically transmitted information in the second random access memory and outputting of the error free atmospherically transmitted information from the second random access memory.
Claim 224
Dependent Claim
34 words
A system in accordance with claim 212 wherein: the control processor controls transfer of the stored first and second parallel information streams from the first random access memory to the second random access memory.
Claim 225
Dependent Claim
179 words
A system in accordance with claim 196 wherein: the at least one processor comprises a digital signal processor, coupled to the detector and to a control processor, the digital signal processor processing detected individual cycles of the subcarrier to calculate an integral of at least one selected modulated part of each of the individual cycles, numerically comparing each of the calculated integrals with a plurality of stored numerical ranges which ranges each represent one of a plurality of possible numerical values that the selected part may encode to identify a stored range numerically including the calculated integral and substituting for the at least one selected part of each of the cycles the one of the plurality of numerical values representative of the identified stored range including the calculated integral with each numerical value encoding at least a part of an information unit in one of the first and second parallel information streams; and wherein the digital signal processor processes the first and second parallel information streams containing the substituted numerical values for determining if the faded information is present.
Claim 226
Dependent Claim
104 words
A system in accordance with claim 214 wherein: the calculation of the integral is made by taking a plurality of samples of each selected modulated part of each of the individual cycles with each sample having a numerical value and each sample is compared with a range of numerical values representing a valid sample which should be included within the calculation of the integral and when the comparison reveals that the sample value is outside the range of numerical values, the compared sample value is replaced with a value which is a function of the sample values adjacent the sample value which is replaced.
Claim 227
Dependent Claim
45 words
A system in accordance with claim 215 wherein: the compared sample value is replaced with a value which is an average of at least one sample value which precedes the compared sample value and at least one sample value which succeeds the compared sample value.
Claim 228
Independent Claim
333 words
A method of atmospheric transmission of information subject to atmospheric fading for a time interval by a transmitter to at least one receiver using a radio frequency carrier modulated with a subcarrier comprising: providing first and second identical encoded information streams with the second information stream being delayed in time by a time delay interval with respect to the first information stream which is equal to or greater than the time interval of the atmospheric fading; modulating the subcarrier with the first and second encoded information streams to produce first and second identical parallel information streams modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with the first parallel stream containing the first encoded information stream and with the second parallel information stream containing the second encoded information stream with the parallel information streams being atmospherically transmitted with a time delay interval between the parallel information streams as modulated on the subcarrier which is equal to or greater than the time delay interval; detecting the parallel information streams which have been transmitted with the radio frequency carrier with at least one receiver; determining with the at least one receiver if faded information is present in at least one of the detected first and second parallel information streams and in response to determined faded information replacing the faded information caused by an atmospheric fade with replacement information from one of the first and second parallel information streams which is time offset at transmission by the delay time interval from the faded information and outputting error free atmospherically transmitted information including the replacement; and placing an error marker within the detected first and second parallel information streams to mark each faded information unit within the faded information requiring replacement and replacing each error marker within at least one of the first and second parallel information streams with replacement bits within one of the first and second parallel information streams which were time offset at transmission by the time delay interval to produce the error free atmospherically transmitted information.
Claim 229
Independent Claim
333 words
A method of atmospheric transmission of information subject to atmospheric fading for a time interval by a transmitter to at least one receiver using a radio frequency carrier modulated with a subcarrier comprising: providing first and second identical encoded information streams with the second information stream being delayed in time by a time delay interval with respect to the first information stream which is equal to or greater than the time interval of the atmospheric fading; modulating the subcarrier with the first and second encoded information streams to produce first and second identical parallel information streams modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with the first parallel stream containing the first encoded information stream and with the second parallel information stream containing the second encoded information stream with the parallel information streams being atmospherically transmitted with a time delay interval between the parallel information streams as modulated on the subcarrier which is equal to or greater than the time delay interval; detecting the parallel information streams which have been transmitted with the radio frequency carrier with at least one receiver; determining with the at least one receiver if faded information is present in at least one of the detected first and second parallel information streams and in response to determined faded information replacing the faded information caused by an atmospheric fade with replacement information from one of the first and second parallel information streams which is time offset at transmission by the delay time interval from the faded information and outputting error free atmospherically transmitted information including the replacement; and placing an error marker within the detected first and second parallel information streams to mark each faded information unit within the faded information requiring replacement and replacing each error marker within at least one of the first and second parallel information streams with replacement bits within one of the first and second parallel information streams which were time offset at transmission by the time delay interval to produce the error free atmospherically transmitted information.
Claim 230
Dependent Claim
149 words
A method in accordance with claim 217 wherein: the first and second encoded information streams each comprise frames of information with each frame having a plurality of bits of error correction information and a plurality of bits encoding the information with the error correction information of the first encoded information stream not being capable of correcting for a fade of the time interval producing faded information in the first parallel information stream and the error correction information of the second encoded information stream not being capable of correcting for a fade of the time interval producing faded information in the second parallel information stream; and the determination if faded information is present is performed by determining that the plurality of bits of error correction information cannot correct an error within the first and second parallel information streams with an error correction routine using the plurality of error correction bits.
Claim 231
Dependent Claim
77 words
A method in accordance with claim 217 wherein: comprising: processing individual cycles of the subcarrier modulated with the first and second parallel information streams to determine any similarity with predetermined stored patterns and modifying at least one of first and second detected parallel information streams so that the determining if faded information is present is performed by processing the detected first and second parallel information streams after modification with at least one of the predetermined stored patterns.
Claim 232
Dependent Claim
77 words
A method in accordance with claim 218 further comprising: processing individual cycles of the subcarrier modulated with the first and second parallel information streams to determine any similarity with predetermined stored patterns and modifying at least one of first and second detected parallel information streams so that the determining if faded information is present is performed by processing the detected first and second parallel information streams after modification with at least one of the predetermined stored patterns.
Claim 233
Dependent Claim
58 words
A method in accordance with claim 217 wherein: comprising: processing the first and second parallel information streams with an error correction routine to determine if faded information is present, storing the detected first and second parallel information streams including each error marker, storing the error free atmospherically transmitted information, and outputting the stored error free atmospherically transmitted information.
Claim 234
Dependent Claim
55 words
A method in accordance with claim 221 wherein: the determination if faded information is present is made by determining that the error correction routine cannot correct an error within the detected first and second parallel information streams and in response to each determination that faded information is present marking each faded information unit requiring replacement.
Claim 235
Dependent Claim
58 words
A method in accordance with claim 219 further comprising: processing the first and second parallel information streams with the error correction routine to determine if faded information is present, storing the detected first and second parallel information streams including each error marker, storing the error free atmospherically transmitted information, and outputting the stored error free atmospherically transmitted information.
Claim 236
Dependent Claim
55 words
A method in accordance with claim 223 wherein: the determination if faded information is present is made by determining that the error correction routine cannot correct an error within the detected first and second parallel information streams and in response to each determination that faded information is present marking each faded information unit requiring replacement.
Claim 237
Dependent Claim
43 words
A method in accordance with claim 217 wherein: bits of each of the first and second parallel information streams are modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with each cycle of the subcarrier being modulated by bits at a plurality of separated angular positions.
Claim 238
Dependent Claim
47 words
A method in accordance with claim 217 wherein: the first and second encoded information streams are modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with pulse width modulation with a width of parts of the cycles of the subcarrier being modulated with the first and second encoded information streams.
Claim 239
Dependent Claim
43 words
A method in accordance with claim 218 wherein: bits of each of the first and second parallel information streams are modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with each cycle of the subcarrier being modulated by bits at a plurality of separated angular positions.
Claim 240
Dependent Claim
43 words
A method in accordance with claim 219 wherein: bits of each of the first and second parallel information streams are modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with each cycle of the subcarrier being modulated by bits at a plurality of separated angular positions.
Claim 241
Dependent Claim
43 words
A method in accordance with claim 220 wherein: bits of each of the first and second parallel information streams are modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with each cycle of the subcarrier being modulated by bits at a plurality of separated angular positions.
Claim 242
Dependent Claim
43 words
A method in accordance with claim 218 wherein: the first and second encoded information streams are modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with pulse width modulation with a width of parts of the subcarrier being modulated with first and second encoded information streams.
Claim 243
Dependent Claim
46 words
A method in accordance with claim 219 wherein: the first and second encoded information streams are modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with pulse width modulation with a width of parts of cycles of the subcarrier being modulated with the first and second encoded information streams.
Claim 244
Dependent Claim
46 words
A method in accordance with claim 220 wherein: the first and second encoded information streams are modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with pulse width modulation with a width of parts of cycles of the subcarrier being modulated with the first and second encoded information streams.
Claim 245
Dependent Claim
154 words
A method in accordance with claim 217 further comprising: processing detected individual cycles of the subcarrier to calculate an integral of at least one selected modulated part of each of the individual cycles, numerically comparing each of the calculated integrals with a plurality of stored numerical ranges which ranges each represent one of a plurality of possible numerical values that the selected part may encode to identify a stored range numerically including the calculated integral and substituting for the at least one selected part of each of the cycles the one of the plurality of numerical values representative of the identified stored range including the calculated integral with each numerical value encoding at least a part of an information unit in one of the first and second parallel information streams; and wherein the first and second parallel information streams containing the substituted numerical values are processed for determining if the faded information is present.
Claim 246
Dependent Claim
104 words
A method in accordance with claim 233 wherein: the calculation of the integral is made by taking a plurality of samples of each selected modulated part of each of the individual cycles with each sample having a numerical value and each sample is compared with a range of numerical values representing a valid sample which should be included within the calculation of the integral and when the comparison reveals that the sample value is outside the range of numerical values, the compared sample value is replaced with a value which is a function of the sample values adjacent the sample value which is replaced.
Claim 247
Dependent Claim
45 words
A method in accordance with claim 234 wherein the compared sample value is replaced with a value which is an average of at least one sample value which precedes the compared sample value and at least one sample value which succeeds the compared sample value.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1998-08-28 | 1999-02-27 | 1999-08-29 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 2002-08-28 | 2003-02-27 | 2003-08-29 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2006-08-28 | 2007-02-27 | 2007-08-29 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |