US5424129A — Composite metal oxide particle processes and tone…

Claim 1

Independent Claim 189 words

A composite metal oxide charge enhancing additive composition comprised of a first metal oxide forming a core particle with an average particle size diameter from about 0.005 to about 0.05 microns, and a second metal oxide forming a uniform and continuous outer layer thereover with a thickness of about 1 to about 30 nanometers wherein said first and said second metal oxide are of the formula {(M 1 O n ) x }-{(M 2 O n ) y } wherein M 1 represents said first metal oxide metal, M 2 represents said second metal oxide metal, n is an integer of 1 to 5 representing the number of oxygen atoms, x and y represent the relative molar ratios of said first and second metal oxides, wherein M 1 and M 2 are selected from the group consisting of Sn, Ti, Si, Al, and Ce, where M 1 is dissimilar to M 2 , and wherein the relative molar ratio of x to y is selected to provide from 1 to about 5 molecular layers of said second metal oxide on the surface of said first metal oxide core particles.

Claim 2

Dependent Claim 189 words

A composite metal oxide charge enhancing additive composition comprised of a first metal oxide forming a core particle with an average particle size diameter from about 0.005 to about 0.05 microns, and a second metal oxide forming a uniform and continuous outer layer thereover with a thickness of about 1 to about 30 nanometers wherein said first and said second metal oxide are of the formula {(M 1 O n ) x }-{(M 2 O n ) y } wherein M 1 represents said first metal oxide metal, M 2 represents said second metal oxide metal, n is an integer of 1 to 5 representing the number of oxygen atoms, x and y represent the relative molar ratios of said first and second metal oxides, wherein M 1 and M 2 are selected from the group consisting of Sn, Ti, Si, Al, and Ce, where M 1 is dissimilar to M 2 , and wherein the relative molar ratio of x to y is selected to provide from 1 to about 5 molecular layers of said second metal oxide on the surface of said first metal oxide core particles.

Claim 3

Dependent Claim 140 words

A composite metal oxide charge enhancing additive composition according to claim 1 further comprising an organosilane outer layer or coating covalently bonded on the outer surface of said second metal oxide layer to form composite particles of the formula {(M 1 O n ) x }-{(M 2 O n ) y }-{(Si R 4-n ) z }, wherein said organosilane of the formula {(Si R 4-n ) z } represents the covalently bonded organosilane outer layer; n of said organosilane is an integer having a value of 1 to 3 and z is determined from the molar ratio of the orgnosilane component relative to said first and second metal oxides, R has from 1 to about 25 carbon atoms, and each R is independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, alkaryl, aralkyl and halogenated derivatives thereof.

Claim 4

Dependent Claim 41 words

A charge enhancing additive composition according to claim 1 wherein the first metal oxide core particle is tin oxide, the second metal oxide is silicon dioxide and further comprising an organosilane outer surface coating derived from a fluorinated silane coupling agent.

Claim 5

Dependent Claim 39 words

A charge enhancing additive composition according to claim 1 wherein the first metal oxide core particle is tin oxide, the second metal oxide is silicon dioxide and further comprising an organosilane outer surface coating derived from 3,3,3-trifluoropropyl methyl dichlorosilane.

Claim 6

Dependent Claim 160 words

A composite metal oxide charge enhancing additive composition comprised Of a first metal oxide forming a core particle with an average particle size diameter from about 0.005 to about 0.05 microns, and a second metal oxide forming a uniform and continuous outer layer thereover with a thickness of about 1 to about 30 nanometers wherein said first and said second metal oxide are of the formula {(M 1 O n ) x }-{(M 2 O n ) y } wherein M 1 represents said first metal oxide metal, M 2 represents said second metal oxide metal, n is an integer of 1 to 5 representing the number of oxygen atoms, x and y represent the relative molar ratios of said first and second metal oxides, M 1 is dissimilar to M 2 , and wherein M 1 is tin, M 2 is titanium, n is 2, and the molar ratio of x to y is about 100:0.01 to about 100:10.

Claim 7

Dependent Claim 160 words

A composite metal oxide charge enhancing additive composition comprised Of a first metal oxide forming a core particle with an average particle size diameter from about 0.005 to about 0.05 microns, and a second metal oxide forming a uniform and continuous outer layer thereover with a thickness of about 1 to about 30 nanometers wherein said first and said second metal oxide are of the formula {(M 1 O n ) x }-{(M 2 O n ) y } wherein M 1 represents said first metal oxide metal, M 2 represents said second metal oxide metal, n is an integer of 1 to 5 representing the number of oxygen atoms, x and y represent the relative molar ratios of said first and second metal oxides, M 1 is dissimilar to M 2 , and wherein M 1 is tin, M 2 is titanium, n is 2, and the molar ratio of x to y is about 100:0.01 to about 100:10.

Claim 8

Dependent Claim 336 words

A toner additive metal oxide composite particle composition prepared by the process comprising: (a) providing a first metal oxide core particle of the formula (M 1 O n ) x with an average particle size diameter of about 0.005 to about 0.05 microns; (b) contacting a reactive metal halide compound of the formula (M 2 X n ) as a gas or vapor with said metal oxide particles, (M 1 O n ) x , to form an intermediate product; (c) exposing the intermediate product of step(b) to water vapor to form composite metal oxide particles of the formula {(M 1 O n ) x }-{(M 2 O n ) y } wherein (M 1 O n ) x represents said first metal oxide particles as core particles and (M 2 O n ) y represents a metal oxide layer or coating on the surface of said first metal oxide core particles with a thickness of about 1 to 30 nanometers; and (d) optionally treating the surface of said composite metal oxide particles of the formula {(M 1 O n ) x }-{(M 2 O n ) y }, with a reactive organosilane of the formula {SiX n R 4-n }, where X of the organosilane is a leaving group to form composite particles having a formula {(M 1 O n ) x }-{(M 2 O n ) y }- {(Si R 4-n ) z } wherein M 1 and M 2 are selected from the group consisting of Sn, Ti, Si, Al, and Ce, wherein M 1 and M 2 are dissimilar metals, n represents an integer of 1 to about 5 in said metal oxides, n represents an integer of 1 to 3 in said organosilane, x, y and z are determined from the relative molar ratios of said metal oxides and reactive organosilane, R has from 1 to about 25 carbon atoms and each R is independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, alkaryl, aralkyl and halogenated derivatives thereof.

Claim 9

Dependent Claim 336 words

A toner additive metal oxide composite particle composition prepared by the process comprising: (a) providing a first metal oxide core particle of the formula (M 1 O n ) x with an average particle size diameter of about 0.005 to about 0.05 microns; (b) contacting a reactive metal halide compound of the formula (M 2 X n ) as a gas or vapor with said metal oxide particles, (M 1 O n ) x , to form an intermediate product; (c) exposing the intermediate product of step(b) to water vapor to form composite metal oxide particles of the formula {(M 1 O n ) x }-{(M 2 O n ) y } wherein (M 1 O n ) x represents said first metal oxide particles as core particles and (M 2 O n ) y represents a metal oxide layer or coating on the surface of said first metal oxide core particles with a thickness of about 1 to 30 nanometers; and (d) optionally treating the surface of said composite metal oxide particles of the formula {(M 1 O n ) x }-{(M 2 O n ) y }, with a reactive organosilane of the formula {SiX n R 4-n }, where X of the organosilane is a leaving group to form composite particles having a formula {(M 1 O n ) x }-{(M 2 O n ) y }- {(Si R 4-n ) z } wherein M 1 and M 2 are selected from the group consisting of Sn, Ti, Si, Al, and Ce, wherein M 1 and M 2 are dissimilar metals, n represents an integer of 1 to about 5 in said metal oxides, n represents an integer of 1 to 3 in said organosilane, x, y and z are determined from the relative molar ratios of said metal oxides and reactive organosilane, R has from 1 to about 25 carbon atoms and each R is independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, alkaryl, aralkyl and halogenated derivatives thereof.

Claim 10

Dependent Claim 63 words

A composite metal oxide additive according to claim 6 wherein the relative ratio of x to y to z is selected to provide from 1 to about 5 molecular layers of said second metal oxide on the surface of said first metal oxide core particles and about one molecular layer of said organosilane outer layer on the surface of said second metal oxide.

Claim 11

Dependent Claim 26 words

A toner additive composition according to claim 6 wherein the first metal oxide core particle is tin oxide, and the second metal oxide is silicon dioxide.

Annuity Stage	Window Opens	Payment Deadline	Surcharge Period Until	Estimated Fee	Status
3.5 Years (Year 4)	1998-06-12	1998-12-12	1999-06-13	$2000.00	Window Closed / Lapsed
7.5 Years (Year 8)	2002-06-12	2002-12-12	2003-06-13	$3760.00	Window Closed / Lapsed
11.5 Years (Year 12)	2006-06-12	2006-12-12	2007-06-13	$7700.00	Window Closed / Lapsed

Composite metal oxide particle processes and toners thereof

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