Patent US5401313A successfully refreshed from Google Patents.
US5401313A
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US
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Surface modified particles and method of making the same
Assignee: Rockwood Pigments NA Inc
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Filing: 1993-02-10
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Granted: 1995-03-28
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Expires: 2013-02-10
Abstract
Abstract This invention relates to modifying the surface of particles for improved dispersion characteristics in aqueous, solvent, resinous, polymeric, cementitious or the like application systems. In particular, this invention relates to a pigment or filler particle whose surface is coated with at least one electric charge modifying agent and at least one dispersion promoting agent, which has improved dispersibility, coloring, handling, and other processing properties in application systems. The electric charge modifying agent may be selected from the group of Mg, Ca, Ba, Sr, Ti, V, Zr, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Al. The dispersion promoting agent may be selected from the group of stearates, acetates, alkylphenols, cellulosics, waxes, lignins, polyacrylics, polyepoxies, polyurethanes, polyethylenes, polystyrenes and polypropylenes, and polymers having functional groups of alcohols, glycols, aldehydes, amides and carboxylic acids. Iron oxide is the preferred pigment particle.
Inventors
- 👤 William W. Supplee
- 👤 James T. Will, Jr.
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-24 09:36
CPC Classifications
C; C04; C04B; C04B20/00; C04B20/10; C04B20/12; C09; C09C; C09C1/00; C09C1/22; C09C1/24; C01; C01P; C01P2004/00; C01P2004/80; C01P2004/82; C01P2004/84; C01P2006/00; C01P2006/40; C01P2006/60
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 81
Claim 1
Independent Claim
35 words
A surface modified particle, comprising: a particle selected from the group consisting of pigments and fillers having an amorphous coating of at least one electric charge modifying agent and at least one dispersion promoting agent.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
35 words
A surface modified particle, comprising: a particle selected from the group consisting of pigments and fillers having an amorphous coating of at least one electric charge modifying agent and at least one dispersion promoting agent.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
23 words
The surface modified particle according to claim 1, wherein said electric charge modifying coating is about 0.01-20% by weight of the pigment particle.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
23 words
The surface modified pigment particle according to claim 1, wherein said dispersion promoting coating is about 0.01-20% by weight of the pigment particle.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
28 words
A surface modified pigment particle, comprising: a pigment particle having an amorphous coating of at least one electric charge modifying agent and at least one dispersion promoting agent.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
28 words
A surface modified pigment particle, comprising: a pigment particle having an amorphous coating of at least one electric charge modifying agent and at least one dispersion promoting agent.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
34 words
The surface modified pigment particle according to claim 4, wherein said pigments are selected from the group consisting of chromates, ferrocyanides, sulfides, sulfoselenides, oxides, silicates, phosphates, aluminares, titanates, carbonates, sulfates, borates and metal pigments.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
15 words
The surface modified pigment particle according to claim 4, wherein said pigments are metal oxides.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
16 words
The surface modified pigment particle according to claim 6, wherein said metal oxides are iron oxides.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
45 words
The surface modified pigment particle according to claim 4, wherein said at least one electric charge modifying agent is an inorganic material selected from the group consisting of Mg, Ca, Ba, Sr, Ti, V, Zr, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Si and Al.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
52 words
The surface modified pigment particle according to claim 4, wherein said at least one dispersion promoting agent is an organic material selected from the group consisting of stearates, acetates, alkylphenols, cellulosics, waxes, lignins, acrylics, epoxies, urethanes, ethylenes, styrenes, propylenes and polymers having functional groups of alcohols, glycols, aldehydes, amides and carboxylic acids.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
24 words
The surface modified pigment particle according to claim 4, wherein said electric charge modifying coating is about 0.01-20% by weight of the pigment particle.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
23 words
The surface modified pigment particle according to claim 4, wherein said dispersion promoting coating is about 0.01-20% by weight of the pigment particle.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
21 words
The surface modified pigment particle according to claim 4, wherein said particle has an average primary particle size of 0.01-100 microns.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
19 words
The surface modified pigment particle according to claim 4, wherein said surface modified pigment particle is in granular form.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
16 words
The surface modified pigment particle according to claim 13, wherein said granule is a bead granule.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
27 words
The surface modified pigment particle according to claim 13, wherein said granule has an average bulk particle size is in the range of 25 to 250 microns.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
26 words
The surface modified pigment particle according to claim 15, wherein said granule has an average bulk particle size in the range of 100 to 200 microns.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
20 words
The surface modified pigment particle according to claim 13, wherein said granule has a water content of less than 5%.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
20 words
The surface modified pigment particle according to claim 17, wherein said granule has a water content of less than 2%.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
19 words
The surface modified pigment particle according to claim 4, wherein said surface modified pigment particle is in powder form.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
19 words
The surface modified pigment particle according to claim 4, wherein said surface modified pigment particle is in dispersion form.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
13 words
The surface modified pigment particle according to claim 4, further comprising other additives.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
115 words
A surface modified pigment particle, comprising: a pigment particle selected from the group consisting of metal oxides having an amorphous coating of at least one electric charge modifying agent and at least one dispersion promoting agent, wherein said at least one electric charge modifying agent is an inorganic material selected from the group consisting of Mg, Ca, Ba, Sr, Ti, V, Zr, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Si and Al and said at least one dispersion promoting agent is an organic material selected from the group consisting of stearates, acetates, alkylphenols, cellulosics, waxes, lignins, acrylics, epoxies, urethanes, ethylenes, styrenes, propylenes and polymers having functional groups of alcohols, glycols, aldehydes, amides and carboxylic acids.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
115 words
A surface modified pigment particle, comprising: a pigment particle selected from the group consisting of metal oxides having an amorphous coating of at least one electric charge modifying agent and at least one dispersion promoting agent, wherein said at least one electric charge modifying agent is an inorganic material selected from the group consisting of Mg, Ca, Ba, Sr, Ti, V, Zr, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Si and Al and said at least one dispersion promoting agent is an organic material selected from the group consisting of stearates, acetates, alkylphenols, cellulosics, waxes, lignins, acrylics, epoxies, urethanes, ethylenes, styrenes, propylenes and polymers having functional groups of alcohols, glycols, aldehydes, amides and carboxylic acids.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
15 words
The surface modified pigment particle according to claim 22, wherein said pigment is iron oxide.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
21 words
The surface modified pigment particle according to claim 22, wherein said particle has an average primary particle size of 0.01-100 microns.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
19 words
The surface modified pigment particle according to claim 22, wherein said surface modified pigment particle is in granular form.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
16 words
The surface modified pigment particle according to claim 25, wherein said granule is a bead granule.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
27 words
The surface modified pigment particle according to claim 25, wherein said granule has an average bulk particle size is in the range of 25 to 250 microns.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
20 words
The surface modified pigment particle according to claim 25, wherein said granule has a water content of less than 5%.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
37 words
The surface modified pigment particle according to claim 22, further comprising at least one additive selected from the group consisting of stabilizers, dispersants, biocides, wetting agents, rheology modifiers, fillers, lubricants, plasticizers, plastisols, propellants and gas entrainment agents.
Claim 33
Independent Claim
100 words
A method of coating the surface of a particle selected from the group consisting of pigments and fillers, comprising the steps of: (a) providing a suspension of particles selected from the group consisting pigments and fillers in solution; (b) adding at least one electric charge modifying agent to the suspension; (c) precipitating an amorphous coating of said at least one electric charge modifying agent on the surface of said particles; (d) adding at least one dispersion promoting agent to the suspension; (e) electrochemically attaching at least one dispersion promoting agent to said particles; and, (f) recovering the surface coated particles.
Claim 34
Independent Claim
100 words
A method of coating the surface of a particle selected from the group consisting of pigments and fillers, comprising the steps of: (a) providing a suspension of particles selected from the group consisting pigments and fillers in solution; (b) adding at least one electric charge modifying agent to the suspension; (c) precipitating an amorphous coating of said at least one electric charge modifying agent on the surface of said particles; (d) adding at least one dispersion promoting agent to the suspension; (e) electrochemically attaching at least one dispersion promoting agent to said particles; and, (f) recovering the surface coated particles.
Claim 35
Independent Claim
90 words
A method of coating the surface of a pigment particle comprising the steps of: (a) providing a suspension of a pigment particles in solution; (b) adding at least one electric charge modifying agent to the suspension; (c) precipitating an amorphous coating of said at least one electric charge modifying agent on the surface of said pigment particles; (d) adding at least one dispersion promoting agent to the suspension; (e) electrochemically attaching said at least one dispersion promoting agent to said pigment particles; and, (f) recovering the surface coated pigment particles.
Claim 36
Independent Claim
90 words
A method of coating the surface of a pigment particle comprising the steps of: (a) providing a suspension of a pigment particles in solution; (b) adding at least one electric charge modifying agent to the suspension; (c) precipitating an amorphous coating of said at least one electric charge modifying agent on the surface of said pigment particles; (d) adding at least one dispersion promoting agent to the suspension; (e) electrochemically attaching said at least one dispersion promoting agent to said pigment particles; and, (f) recovering the surface coated pigment particles.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
12 words
The method according to claim 31, wherein said pigments are metal oxides.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
13 words
The method according to claim 32, wherein said metal oxides are iron oxides.
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
25 words
The method according to claim 31, wherein said precipitating step is by agitating, pH adjusting to alkalinity or a combination thereof until substantially complete reaction.
Claim 40
Dependent Claim
17 words
The method according to claim 31, wherein said attaching step is by agitating until substantially complete reaction.
Claim 41
Dependent Claim
25 words
The method according to claim 31, wherein said recovering step is by filtration and drying, batch drying, spray roasting, spray drying or fluidized bed drying.
Claim 42
Dependent Claim
15 words
The method according to claim 31, wherein said suspension of particles is an in-process suspension.
Claim 43
Dependent Claim
17 words
The method according to claim 31, wherein said suspension of particles is a redispersion of agglomerated particles.
Claim 44
Dependent Claim
21 words
The method according to claim 31, further comprising the step of: (g) granulating said surface coated particles to end product form.
Claim 45
Dependent Claim
16 words
The method according to claim 39, wherein said granulating step comprises spray drying with a liquid.
Claim 46
Dependent Claim
39 words
A colored cementitious composition, comprising: a cement and surface modified pigment particles selected from the group consisting of metal oxides having an amorphous coating of at least one electric charge modifying agent and at least one dispersion promoting agent.
Claim 47
Dependent Claim
39 words
A colored cementitious composition, comprising: a cement and surface modified pigment particles selected from the group consisting of metal oxides having an amorphous coating of at least one electric charge modifying agent and at least one dispersion promoting agent.
Claim 48
Dependent Claim
36 words
A magnetic toner composition, comprising: surface modified pigment particles selected from the group consisting of metal oxides having an amorphous coating of at least one electric charge modifying agent and at least one dispersion promoting agent.
Claim 49
Dependent Claim
36 words
A magnetic toner composition, comprising: surface modified pigment particles selected from the group consisting of metal oxides having an amorphous coating of at least one electric charge modifying agent and at least one dispersion promoting agent.
Claim 50
Dependent Claim
42 words
A coating composition, comprising: a base, a vehicle, a binder and surface modified pigment particles selected from the group consisting of metal oxides having an amorphous coating of at least one electric charge modifying agent and at least one dispersion promoting agent.
Claim 51
Dependent Claim
42 words
A coating composition, comprising: a base, a vehicle, a binder and surface modified pigment particles selected from the group consisting of metal oxides having an amorphous coating of at least one electric charge modifying agent and at least one dispersion promoting agent.
Claim 52
Independent Claim
75 words
A method of coloring cement, comprising the steps of: (a) providing surface modified pigment particles selected from the group consisting of metal oxides having an amorphous coating of at least one electric charge modifying agent and at least one dispersion promoting agent; (b) mixing said modified pigment particles with cement at conditions sufficient to form a homogeneous dispersal of said surface modified pigment particles in the cement; and, (c) allowing the cementitious mixture to set.
Claim 53
Independent Claim
75 words
A method of coloring cement, comprising the steps of: (a) providing surface modified pigment particles selected from the group consisting of metal oxides having an amorphous coating of at least one electric charge modifying agent and at least one dispersion promoting agent; (b) mixing said modified pigment particles with cement at conditions sufficient to form a homogeneous dispersal of said surface modified pigment particles in the cement; and, (c) allowing the cementitious mixture to set.
Claim 54
Dependent Claim
106 words
A surface modified iron oxide pigment, comprising: an iron oxide pigment selected from the group consisting of red, yellow and black iron oxide, said iron oxide pigment having an amorphous coating of at least one electric charge modifying agent selected from the group of inorganic materials consisting of Mg, Ca, Ba, Sr, Ti, V, Zr, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Si and Al and at least one dispersion promoting agent selected from the group of organic materials consisting of stearates, acetates, alkylphenols, cellulosics, waxes, lignins, acrylics, epoxies, urethanes, ethylenes, styrenes, propylenes and polymers having functional groups of alcohols, glycols, aldehydes, amides and carboxylic acids.
Claim 55
Dependent Claim
106 words
A surface modified iron oxide pigment, comprising: an iron oxide pigment selected from the group consisting of red, yellow and black iron oxide, said iron oxide pigment having an amorphous coating of at least one electric charge modifying agent selected from the group of inorganic materials consisting of Mg, Ca, Ba, Sr, Ti, V, Zr, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Si and Al and at least one dispersion promoting agent selected from the group of organic materials consisting of stearates, acetates, alkylphenols, cellulosics, waxes, lignins, acrylics, epoxies, urethanes, ethylenes, styrenes, propylenes and polymers having functional groups of alcohols, glycols, aldehydes, amides and carboxylic acids.
Claim 56
Dependent Claim
36 words
The surface modified iron oxide pigment according to claim 45, wherein said at least one electric charge modifying agent is selected from the group of inorganic materials consisting of Mg, Ca, Zr, Fe, Si and Al.
Claim 57
Dependent Claim
21 words
The surface modified iron oxide pigment according to claim 41, wherein said at least one electric charge modifying agent is Mg.
Claim 58
Dependent Claim
21 words
The surface modified iron oxide pigment according to claim 46, wherein said at least one electric charge modifying agent is Si.
Claim 59
Dependent Claim
21 words
The surface modified iron oxide pigment according to claim 46, wherein said at least one electric charge modifying agent is Al.
Claim 60
Dependent Claim
42 words
The surface modified iron oxide pigment according to claim 46, wherein the at least one dispersion promoting agent is selected from the group consisting of stearates, alkylphenols, lignins, acrylics, ethylenes and polymers having functional groups of alcohols, glycols, aldehydes and carboxylic acids.
Claim 61
Dependent Claim
20 words
The surface modified iron oxide pigment according to claim 50, wherein the at least one dispersion promoting agent is lignosulfonate.
Claim 62
Dependent Claim
20 words
The surface modified iron oxide pigment according to claim 50, wherein the at least one dispersion promoting agent is polyacrylate.
Claim 63
Dependent Claim
20 words
The surface modified iron oxide pigment according to claim 50, wherein the at least one dispersion promoting agent is stearate.
Claim 64
Dependent Claim
38 words
The surface iron oxide pigment according to claim 46, wherein said electric charge modifying coating is about 0.01-20% by weight of the pigment particle and said dispersion promoting coating is about 0.01-20% by weight of the pigment particle.
Claim 65
Dependent Claim
23 words
The surface modified iron oxide pigment according to claim 46, wherein said iron oxide has an average primary particle size of 0.01-100 microns.
Claim 66
Dependent Claim
44 words
The surface modified iron oxide pigment according to claim 46, wherein said surface modified iron oxide is in a granular form and has an average bulk particle size in the range of 25 to 250 microns and a water content of less than 5%.
Claim 67
Dependent Claim
38 words
The surface modified iron oxide pigment according to claim 56, wherein said surface modified iron oxide has an average bulk particle size in the range of 100 to 200 microns and a water content of less than 2%.
Claim 68
Dependent Claim
20 words
The surface modified iron oxide pigment according to claim 46, wherein the surface modified iron oxide is in powder form.
Claim 69
Dependent Claim
20 words
The surface modified iron oxide pigment according to claim 46, wherein the surface modified iron oxide is in dispersion form.
Claim 70
Dependent Claim
38 words
The surface modified iron oxide pigment according to claim 46, further comprising at least one additive selected from the group consisting of stabilizers, dispersants, biocides, wetting agents, rheology modifiers, fillers, lubricants, plasticizers, plastisols, propellants and gas entrainment agents.
Claim 71
Dependent Claim
43 words
The surface modified pigment particle according to claim 22, wherein the metal oxides are selected from the group consisting of iron oxide, aluminum oxide, chromium oxide, lead oxide, nickel oxide, silicon oxide, silver oxide, tin oxide, titanium oxide, zinc oxide and zirconium oxide.
Claim 72
Dependent Claim
66 words
The surface modified pigment particle according to claim 22, wherein the at least one electric charge modifying agent is an inorganic material selected from the group consisting of Mg, Ca, Zr, Fe, Si and Al and at least one dispersion promoting agent is selected from the group consisting of stearates, alkylphenols, lignins, acrylics, ethylenes and polymers having functional groups of alcohols, glycols, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids.
Claim 73
Dependent Claim
85 words
The method according to claim 32, wherein the at least one electric charge modifying agent is an inorganic material selected from the group consisting of Mg, Ca, Ba, Sr, Ti, V, Zr, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Si and Al, and the at least one dispersion promoting agent is an organic material selected from the group consisting of stearates, acetates, alkylphenols, cellulosics, waxes, lignins, acrylics, epoxies, urethanes, ethylenes, styrenes, propylenes and polymers having functional groups of alcohols, glycols, aldehydes, amides and carboxylic acids.
Claim 74
Dependent Claim
13 words
The method according to claim 63, wherein the pigment particles are metal oxides.
Claim 75
Dependent Claim
13 words
The method according to claim 64, wherein the pigment particles are iron oxides.
Claim 76
Dependent Claim
27 words
The colored cementitious composition according to claim 41, wherein the pigment particles are iron oxides selected from the group consisting of red, yellow and black iron oxides.
Claim 77
Dependent Claim
87 words
The colored cementitious composition according to claim 66, wherein the at least one electric charge modifying agent is an inorganic material selected from the group consisting of Mg, Ca, Ba, Sr, Ti, V, Zr, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Si and Al and the at least one dispersion promoting agent is an organic material selected from the group consisting of stearates, acetates, alkylphenols, cellulosics, waxes, lignins, acrylics, epoxies, urethanes, ethylenes, styrenes, propylenes and polymers having functional groups of alcohols, glycols, aldehydes, amides and carboxylic acids.
Claim 78
Dependent Claim
29 words
The colored cementitious composition according to claim 67, wherein the at least one electric charge modifying agent is Mg and the at least one dispersion promoting agent is lignosulfonate.
Claim 79
Dependent Claim
16 words
The magnetic toner composition according to claim 42, wherein the pigment particles are black iron oxides.
Claim 80
Dependent Claim
87 words
The magnetic toner composition according to claim 69, wherein the at least one electric charge modifying agent is an inorganic material selected from the group consisting of Mg, Ca, Ba, Sr, Ti, V, Zr, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Si and Al and the at least one dispersion promoting agent is an organic material selected from the group consisting of stearates, acetates, alkylphenols, cellulosics, waxes, lignins, acrylics, epoxies, urethanes, ethylenes, styrenes, propylenes and polymers having functional groups of alcohols, glycols, aldehydes, amides and carboxylic acids.
Claim 81
Dependent Claim
30 words
The magnetic toner composition according to claim 70, wherein the at least one electric charge modifying agent is Al and the at least one dispersion promoting agent is a stearate.
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